Of the forty* men who have been elected to the office of U.S. president, the average weight of U.S. presidents has been approximately 189lbs (86kg). The weight range has been between 122lbs (55kg) and 332lbs (151kg), meaning that the heaviest president, William Howard Taft, was almost three times as heavy as the lightest president, James Madison (who was also the shortest president). Although Taft weighed over 300lbs during his presidency in 1909, he did implement a fitness and dietary regimen in the 1920s, that helped him lose almost 100lbs (45kg) before his death due to cardiovascular disease in 1930. Increase over time The tallest ever president, Abraham Lincoln (who was 6'4"), actually weighed less than the presidential average, and also less than the average adult male in the U.S. in 2018. It is important to note that the average weight of U.S. males has gradually increased in the past two decades, with some studies suggesting that it may have even increased by 15lbs (7kg) since the 1980s. The presidential averages have also increased over time, as the first ten elected presidents had an average weight of 171lbs (78kg), while the average weight of the ten most recent is 194lbs (88kg). Recent presidents In recent years, the heaviest president has been Donald Trump, who weighed 237lbs (108kg) during his first term in office; however medical reports published in June 2020 show that he gained 7lbs (3kg) during this term. There was also controversy in 2018, when it appeared that Trump's official height had been increased from 6'2" to 6'3", which many speculated was done to prevent him from being categorized as "obese" (according to his BMI). In the past half century, George H. W. Bush and Bill Clinton were the only other presidents to have weighed more than the presidential average, although both men were also 6'2" (188cm) tall. President Joe Biden weighs below the presidential average, at 177lbs (81kg).

The average height of the 45 men who have served as the President of the United States is approximately 180cm (5'11"); this is roughly five centimeters (two inches) taller than the average U.S. male in 2020. Abraham Lincoln has the distinction of being the tallest U.S. president in history, at 193cm (6'4"), while James Madison was the shortest (and lightest) U.S. president at 163cm (5'4"). US presidents are getting taller Of the ten most recent presidents, only Jimmy Carter has been shorter than the presidential average, while none of the presidents who have served since the beginning of the twentieth century have been shorter than the national average. Since Ronald Reagan became president in 1981, George W. Bush and Joe Biden are the only U.S. president to have been shorter than six feet tall; by just half an inch. Trump height controversy Former President Donald Trump made headlines in 2018, when his official height increased from 6'2" (the height from all previously-existing records, including his 2012 drivers license) to 6'3"*. Many in the media speculated that this was to prevent him from being classified as obese according to his body mass index. A number of photos also circulated on social media showing Trump next to (and visibly shorter than) a number of athletes who are officially 6'3", while photos of him standing next to Barack Obama were used to show that he may be closer to his predecessor's height, at 6'1". Nonetheless, Trump's medical report from June 3. 2020, shows that his official height remained at 6'3".

As of April 3, 2024 exit polls from the 2024 Democratic presidential primaries showed incumbent candidate Joe Biden with more than enough delegates to secure the nomination. Presidential primaries within the sitting president’s party carry less weight compared to those in open-seat elections due to minimal opposition within their party. With widespread support from party members and leaders already secured, incumbent presidents hold considerable advantages in terms of fundraising, campaign infrastructure, and endorsements. While specific rules vary slightly across different states, Democratic primary delegates are awarded based on the share of votes a candidate receives either statewide or within congressional districts.

This survey was conducted by the Gallup Organization. A national sample of 3,142 adults were interviewed on April 21-26, 1938. Major topics covered: Betting on horse races; did/did not hear President Roosevelt's recent fireside chat on government spending; automobile accident insurance; TVA; popularity of President Roosevelt compared to when he was re-elected in 1936; favourite sport to watch; increasing government spending for relief and public works/reducing taxes on business will do more to get us out of the depression.

Please Note: This dataset is part of the historical CISER Data Archive Collection and is also available at the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research at https://doi.org/10.25940/ROPER-31087104. We highly recommend using the Roper Center version as they made this dataset available in multiple data formats and added a weight variable created by Professors Adam Berinsky and Eric Schickler to make these datasets more accurately representative of the population of the time.

Abstract (en): This poll, conducted July 21, 1996, is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicit public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. Respondents were asked to give their opinions of President Bill Clinton and his handling of the presidency. Those queried were also asked for their views on the crash of TWA Flight #800, the National Transportation Safety Board, commercial airline travel safety, and government regulation of airline travel. Comparative questions were asked about the safety of air travel versus other modes of transportation, and the safety of airports in the United States compared to airports in other countries. Other topics addressed how much control a president could have over terrorism as well as respondents' level of confidence that the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta would be safe from terrorism. Demographic variables include sex, age, race, political party affiliation, political party lean, education level, and family income, and age of children in household. The data contain a weight variable, WEIGHT, that should be used in analyzing the data. ICPSR data undergo a confidentiality review and are altered when necessary to limit the risk of disclosure. ICPSR also routinely creates ready-to-go data files along with setups in the major statistical software formats as well as standard codebooks to accompany the data. In addition to these procedures, ICPSR performed the following processing steps for this data collection: Created variable labels and/or value labels.; Checked for undocumented or out-of-range codes.. Adult population of the United States aged 18 and over having a telephone at home. Households were selected by random-digit dialing. Within households, the respondent selected was the adult living in the household who last had a birthday and who was home at the time of the interview. 2011-03-10 Respondent names were removed from the data file. Question text was added to the codebook.2010-03-30 SAS, SPSS, and Stata setups have been added to this data collection. telephone interviewThe data available for download are not weighted and users will need to weight the data prior to analysis.To preserve respondent confidentiality, codes in variables AREACODE, EXCHANGE, and LASTFOUR have been replaced with blank codes.This data collection was produced by CBS News, New York, NY.

As of April 3, 2024, results from the 2024 Democratic presidential primaries showed incumbent candidate Joe Biden with more than enough delegates to receive the party's nomination. However, in protest against the President's support for Israel's war against Hamas more than 100,000 Michigan Democrats cast "uncommitted" votes, earning two state delegates. On Super Tuesday nearly 45,000 Minnesota Democrats voted "uncommitted" in protest, surpassing support for Minnesota Representative Dean Phillips and earning four "uncommitted" delegates. Presidential primaries within the sitting president’s party carry less weight compared to those in open-seat elections due to minimal opposition within their party. With widespread support from party members and leaders already secured, incumbent presidents hold considerable advantages in terms of fundraising, campaign infrastructure, and endorsements. While specific rules vary slightly across different states, Democratic primary delegates are awarded based on the share of votes a candidate receives, either statewide or within congressional districts.

Results of the 1st round of the presidential elections of April 23, 2017 by polling station , ward, borough, and constituency.

You will find:

• Number of proxies
• < span style="font-family: Montserrat;">Number of subscribers
• Number of signatures
• Number of voters
• Number of blanks
• Number of Dummies
• Number of Cast
• The results for each candidate

An identifier ID_BVOTE allows you to join with geographical datasets of polling station areas

These results correspond to the extracts on election night from the City of Paris Election Information System ("Acronyms results" until 2015 and "Paris Vote" from 2017).

We draw the attention of users to the fact that discrepancies may exist between the results of these files and those published by the Ministry of Interior. These results do not take into account any corrections made by the control bodies or the election judge.

On the occasion of the German EU Presidency, the attitudes of the population towards the EU and in particular the role of the EU in the world were examined. Topics: 1. Significance of the European Union: frequency of information on political issues; Germany´s role in the world (less cooperation with other countries, continue to cooperate with other countries in the same way as before or further strengthen cooperation with other countries); significance of different regions in terms of their influence in the world (European Union (EU), USA, China, Africa, Russia, Germany); interest in European policy; associations with the EU; assessment of the development of the EU. 2. The European Union as a global player: EU influence in the world on the following issues: Economy and trade, digitalisation, climate protection, world peace, respect for democratic values, respect for human rights; importance of EU unity in foreign policy issues; expected development of EU unity in foreign policy; opinion on cooperation with other regions (USA, China, Africa, Russia, Turkey); EU and world powers: largest competing world power in economic terms (China, Russia, USA, others); pioneering role of various countries and regions in digitisation (EU, USA, China, Africa, Russia, Germany); progress of the EU in digitisation; pioneering role of various countries and regions in global climate protection (EU, USA, China, Africa, Russia, Germany); progress of the EU in climate protection 3. Germany and the European Union: Awareness of Germany´s assumption of the EU Council Presidency; expectations of the German EU Council Presidency in terms of its influence on EU policy; importance of various topics for the German EU Council Presidency (e.g. protecting the EU´s external borders, strengthening cohesion among EU member states, stabilising the euro, working closely together on defence policy, etc.) ); rather advantages or disadvantages of Germany´s membership in the EU; satisfaction with German European policy; opinion on Germany´s influence in the EU; hypothetical decision in a referendum on the EU; attitude towards EU enlargement; conditions for candidates for EU enlargement (economic stability, democratic values and stability, cultural values, other, no conditions). Demography: sex; age; age groups (total); German nationality; party sympathy; highest educational attainment; employment; occupational status; net household income (grouped); household size; number of persons in household aged 18 and over; local size (BIK); region (federal state). Additionally coded: Respondent ID; split identification (representative/ boost); weight. Aus Anlass der deutschen EU-Ratspräsidentschaft wurden die Einstellungen der Bevölkerung zur EU und insbesondere zur Rolle der EU in der Welt untersucht. Themen: 1. Bedeutung der Europäischen Union: Häufigkeit der Information über politische Themen; Deutschlands Rolle in der Welt (weniger mit anderen Ländern zusammenarbeiten, genauso wie bisher mit anderen Ländern zusammenarbeiten oder die Zusammenarbeit mit anderen Ländern weiter stärken); Bedeutung verschiedener Regionen hinsichtlich ihres Einflusses in der Welt (Europäische Union (EU), USA, China, Afrika, Russland, Deutschland); Interesse an Europapolitik; Assoziationen zur EU; Bewertung der Entwicklung der EU. 2. Die Europäische Union als globaler Player: Einfluss der EU in der Welt bei folgenden Themen: Wirtschaft und Handel, Digitalisierung, Klimaschutz, Weltfrieden, Einhaltung demokratischer Werte, Einhaltung der Menschenrechte; Wichtigkeit der Geschlossenheit der EU in außenpolitischen Fragen; erwartete Entwicklung der außenpolitischen Geschlossenheit der EU; Meinung zur Zusammenarbeit mit anderen Regionen (USA, China, Afrika, Russland, Türkei); EU und Weltmächte: größte konkurrierende Weltmacht in wirtschaftlicher Hinsicht (China, Russland, USA, sonstiges); Vorreiterrolle verschiedener Länder und Regionen in der Digitalisierung (EU, USA, China, Afrika, Russland, Deutschland); Fortschritte der EU bei der Digitalisierung; Vorreiterrolle verschiedener Länder und Regionen beim weltweiten Klimaschutz (EU, USA, China, Afrika, Russland, Deutschland); Fortschritte der EU beim Klimaschutz. 3. Deutschland und die Europäische Union: Bekanntheit der Übernahme der EU-Ratspräsidentschaft durch Deutschland; Erwartungen an die deutsche EU-Ratspräsidentschaft im Hinblick auf den Einfluss auf die EU-Politik; Wichtigkeit verschiedener Themen für die deutsche EU-Ratspräsidentschaft (z.B. Außengrenzen der EU schützen, Zusammenhalt unter den Mitgliedsstaaten der EU stärken, den Euro stabilisieren, in der Verteidigungspolitik eng zusammenarbeiten, etc.); eher Vorteile oder Nachteile durch die Mitgliedschaft Deutschlands in der EU; Zufriedenheit mit der deutschen Europapolitik; Meinung zum Einfluss Deutschlands auf die EU; hypothetische Entscheidung in einem Referendum zur EU; Einstellung zu EU-Erweiterung; Bedingungen für Beitrittskandidaten zur EU-Erweiterung (wirtschaftliche Stabilität, demokratische Werte und Stabilität, kulturelle Werte, Sonstiges, keine Bedingungen). Demographie: Geschlecht; Alter; Altersgruppen (gesamt); deutsche Staatsangehörigkeit; Parteisympathie; höchster Bildungsabschluss; Erwerbstätigkeit; Berufliche Stellung; Haushaltsnettoeinkommen (gruppiert); Haushaltsgröße; Anzahl Personen im Haushalt ab 18 Jahren; Ortsgröße (BIK); Region (Bundesland). Zusätzlich verkodet wurden: Befragten ID; Splitkennung (Repräsentativ/ Boost); Gewicht.

Abstract (en): This special topic poll, fielded on September 13, 1998, sought respondents' views on Independent Counsel Kenneth Starr's ongoing investigation of President Bill Clinton and the resulting "Starr Report," submitted to the United States Congress on September 10, 1998. Respondents were asked whether they trusted Clinton on a personal level, and their opinions were sought regarding Clinton's honesty, trustworthiness, moral and ethical standards, and leadership ability. They were also asked to comment on whether the president should remain in office, resign, be impeached, or be censured, if it were proven that he either lied under oath, encouraged former White House intern Monica Lewinsky to lie under oath, or asked aides to cover up his affair with Lewinsky. Those queried were asked for their opinions of the Starr Report and the Clinton response to that report, in which the White House argued against impeachment. Other items probed for whether respondents believed Starr or Clinton, whether they believed that the investigation had been fair or politically motivated, and whether the investigation was about sex or serious lawbreaking. In addition, respondents were asked whether they believed that Congress should hold hearings, and whether the inclusion of the sexual details of Clinton and Lewinsky's relationship were included in the report as evidence or to embarrass the president. The results of the poll were announced on the ABC television program "Nightline." Background information on respondents includes sex, age, race, political party affiliation, and education level. The data contain weight variables that should be used for analysis. ICPSR data undergo a confidentiality review and are altered when necessary to limit the risk of disclosure. ICPSR also routinely creates ready-to-go data files along with setups in the major statistical software formats as well as standard codebooks to accompany the data. In addition to these procedures, ICPSR performed the following processing steps for this data collection: Created variable labels and/or value labels.; Checked for undocumented or out-of-range codes.. Persons aged 18 and over living in households with telephones in the contiguous 48 United States. Stratified random digit dialing. Within households, respondents were selected using a method developed by Leslie Kish and modified by Charles Backstrom and Gerald Hursh (see Backstrom and Hursh, SURVEY RESEARCH, Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1963). 2008-09-26 The weight variable was corrected and SAS, SPSS, and Stata setup files and SAS and Stata supplemental files have been added to this data collection. The CASEID variable was created for use with online analysis. Question text has been added to the codebook and the data collection instrument has been taken out of the codebook and made into its own file. telephone interviewThe data available for download are not weighted and users will need to weight the data prior to analysis.The CASEID variable was created for use with online analysis.To protect respondent confidentiality, telephone numbers were blanked in variable TELE.This data collection was produced by Chilton Research Services, Radnor, PA.

Results of the 2nd round of the presidential elections of May 7, 2017 by polling station , neighborhood, borough and constituency.

You will find:

• Number of proxies
• < span style="font-family: Montserrat;">Number of registrants
• Number of voters
• Number of voters
• Number of blanks
• Number of draws
• Number of expressed
• The results for each candidate

An identifier ID_BVOTE allows a join with geographic datasets of polling station sectors

These results correspond to the extracts on voting evening from the Election Information System of the City of Paris ("Results acronyms" until 2015 and "Paris Vote" from 2017).

We draw users' attention to the fact that discrepancies may exist between the results of these files and those published by the Ministry of the Interior. These results do not take into account any corrections made by the control bodies or the election judge.

This poll is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicit public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. Respondents were asked to give their opinions of the 2004 presidential campaign and the candidates, and the way George W. Bush was handling certain issues, including the economy, the war in Iraq, and terrorism. The survey also asked questions about the Democratic National Convention. In addition, respondents were asked to evaluate their weight and how often they ate at fast food restaurants. Background information on respondents includes voter registration status, party identification, voting record in the 2000 and 2002 elections, marital status, sex, religious preference, education record, age, ethnicity, income, and willingness for callback.

Results of the 1st round of the presidential elections of April 23, 2012 by polling station , ward, borough, and constituency.

You will find:

• Number of proxies
• < span style="font-family: Montserrat;">Number of subscribers
• Number of signatures
• Number of voters
• Number of Whites and Draws
• Number of cast
• The results for each candidate

An identifier ID_BVOTE allows you to join with geographical datasets of polling station areas

These results correspond to the extracts on election night from the City of Paris Election Information System ("Acronyms results" until 2015 and "Paris Vote" from 2017).

We draw the attention of users to the fact that discrepancies may exist between the results of these files and those published by the Ministry of Interior. These results do not take into account any corrections made by the control bodies or the election judge.

Abstract (en): This poll, fielded December 5-9, 2007, is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicits public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. Respondents were asked whether they approved of the way George W. Bush was handling the presidency and other issues such as foreign policy. They were also asked to rate the condition of the national economy, what they thought was the most important problem facing the country, and whether they approved of the way Congress was handling its job. Opinions were solicited on the Republican and Democratic parties, the 2008 presidential candidate nominees, how much attention respondents had been paying to the 2008 presidential campaign, which candidate they would vote for if the 2008 presidential election were being held that day, and how enthusiastic they were about voting in the 2008 presidential election. Several questions asked about the presidential primaries, including whether respondents were likely to vote in the Democratic or Republican primaries, which nominee they would like to see as the Democratic and Republican party presidential candidate in 2008, whether their choice was affected by Oprah Winfrey's involvement in Barack Obama's campaign or Bill Clinton's involvement in Hillary Clinton's campaign, the importance of a presidential candidate's personal attributes or beliefs, and which candidate they thought would win the general election in November 2008. Respondents were also asked about their personal finances and credit card use, payments, and debt, other types of personal debt, the national debt, the United States' debt to China, and the quality of manufactured goods produced in China. Additional topics included abortion, global warming, illegal immigration, whether Iran is a threat to the United States, terrorism, the war in Iraq, international trade, democracy, and feelings about the federal government. Demographic information includes sex, age, race, education level, household income, marital status, religious preference, frequency of religious attendance, type of residential area (e.g., urban or rural), political party affiliation, political philosophy, voter registration status and participation history, and the presence of children in the household under 18. The data contain weight variables that should be used in analyzing the data. According to the CBS News Web site, data were weighted to match United States Census Bureau breakdowns on age, sex, race, education, and region of the country. The data were also adjusted for the fact that people who share a phone with others have less chance to be contacted than people who live alone and have their own phones, and that households with more than one telephone number have more chances to be called than households with only one phone number. ICPSR data undergo a confidentiality review and are altered when necessary to limit the risk of disclosure. ICPSR also routinely creates ready-to-go data files along with setups in the major statistical software formats as well as standard codebooks to accompany the data. In addition to these procedures, ICPSR performed the following processing steps for this data collection: Checked for undocumented or out-of-range codes.. Persons aged 18 and over living in households with telephones in the contiguous 48 United States. A variation of random-digit dialing using primary sampling units (PSUs) was employed, consisting of blocks of 100 telephone numbers identical through the eighth digit and stratified by geographic region, area code, and size of place. Within households, respondents were selected using a method developed by Leslie Kish and modified by Charles Backstrom and Gerald Hursh (see Backstrom and Hursh, SURVEY RESEARCH. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1963). telephone interviewThe data available for download are not weighted. Users will need to weight the data prior to analysis.The CASEID variable was reformatted in order to make it a unique identifier.This data collection was produced by CBS News, New York, New York.

Abstract (en): In this survey respondents were asked their opinions of the presidential candidates prior to the Iowa caucuses on February 8. Caucus participants were asked their opinions of the candidates, whom they wanted their party to nominate, whether they agreed with the candidates on the issues, if candidates had leadership qualities or enough experience to be president, if candidates cared about their needs, and what their contact with candidates' campaigns had been. Respondents also were asked which party had a better group of candidates, whether the Democratic party should retain its liberal principles or modify them, and whether the Republican party should retain its conservative principles. Other topics included previous caucus participation and voting, short range nuclear missiles, Gary Hart, campaign debts, the state and national economies, federal military spending, and aid to the Nicaraguan contras. Background information includes party identification, religious preference and importance, education, age, race, farm employment, and income. Adults aged 18 and over in Iowa. Stratified random digit dialing. This file contains a weight variable that must be used in any analysis. The data contain blanks and alphabetics, and telephone exchanges have been recoded to '999' for reasons of confidentiality.

During the first round of the 2017 presidential elections, the vote of French citizens living in Lebanon in favor of François Fillon was massive. 61 percent supported the Republican candidate, against 26.3 percent for all French citizens living abroad, and 20 percent for all French people. These figures highlight the weight of the Franco-Lebanese Christian community, a population traditionally favorable to the right, and which was probably sensitive to the strong plea of François Fillon in favor of the Christians of the East and his denunciation of the Islamist danger. In 2022, as the race towards the second round of presidential elections intensifies, the support of the conservative Catholic electorate could be a strategic issue for both Valérie Pécresse and Éric Zemmour.

Abstract (en): This poll is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicit public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. Respondents were asked to give their opinions on President Bill Clinton's handling of his job, foreign policy, and the economy, and whether Clinton had strong leadership qualities. Additional survey topics covered the crime bill, the ban on assault weapons, health care reform, and the major league baseball strike. Respondents were asked to compare President Clinton and the Republican party with respect to their stances on crime and to compare the Republican party and the Democratic party with respect to their proposals for health care reform. Background information on respondents includes voter registration status, household composition, vote choice in the 1992 presidential election, political party, political orientation, education, age, sex, race, religious preference, and family income. Adult population of the United States aged 18 and over having telephones at home. A variation of random-digit dialing using primary sampling units (PSUs) was employed, consisting of blocks of 100 telephone numbers identical through the eighth digit and stratified by geographic region, area code, and size of place. Within households, respondents were selected using a method developed by Leslie Kish and modified by Charles Backstrom and Gerald Hursh (see Backstrom and Hursh, SURVEY RESEARCH [Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1963]). 2000-08-04 The codebook appendix file that clarifies codes for many of the standard demographic variables has been merged into the codebook. Also, the variable "first name" was removed to further ensure the privacy of respondents. In addition, the codebook is now available as a Portable Document Format (PDF) file.1998-01-14 ICPSR created an appendix to the codebook to clarify codes for many of the standard demographic variables. (1) A weight variable has been included and must be used for any analysis. (2) The codebook is provided as a Portable Document Format (PDF) file. The PDF file format was developed by Adobe Systems Incorporated and can be accessed using PDF reader software, such as the Adobe Acrobat Reader. Information on how to obtain a copy of the Acrobat Reader is provided on the ICPSR Website.

Abstract (en): This survey consists of telephone interviews conducted before and after the 1988 presidential election. Both the pre- and post-election polls asked registered respondents for their opinions of the Democratic and Republican presidential and vice-presidential candidates, negative campaigning, and television commercials. The pre-election poll asked respondents how likely they were to vote in the 1988 presidential election and for whom. Additional topics covered included the national economy, respondents' previous voting behavior, if they cared who won, and who they thought would win the election. In the post-election poll, respondents were asked how they voted in the presidential election and why, and if they voted Democratic or Republican in the election for the United States House of Representatives in their district. The survey also asked questions about reasons for not voting, and opinions of unregistered respondents about the voting process were solicited as well. Other questions sought respondents' opinions on Jesse Jackson, president-elect George Bush and expectations for his administration, the presidential campaign process, and the role of the media. Background information on individuals includes party affiliation, age, marital status, income, religious preference, employment status, education, race, and union membership. Adults aged 18 and over in the United States. Stratified random digit dialing. The data contain blanks and dashes. This file contains a weight variable that must be used in any analysis. Telephone exchanges have been recoded to '999' for reasons of confidentiality. The total number of respondents contacted in the pre-election poll between November 2-4 was 1,977, and 1,627 of these were recontacted for the post-election poll between November 10-15.

Abstract (en): Questions in this survey probed for respondents' opinions of the presidential and vice-presidential candidates after the Republican National Convention in August of 1988. Respondents were asked their opinions of George Bush, Michael Dukakis, Dan Quayle, and Lloyd Bentsen. They also were asked how likely they were to vote in the presidential election in November of 1988, how they would vote if the election were held on the day of the survey, whether they would vote that way because they strongly favored their candidates or disliked the other candidates, and who they thought would win the November elections. Respondents also were queried about their previous voting behavior, how much attention they paid to the Republican National Convention and to the Presidential campaign, and Ronald Reagan's job performance. Respondents were asked about Dukakis' and Bush's leadership abilities, their sensitivity to the feelings of minorities, and about how they would handle taxes and international crises. Respondents rated George Bush's handling of the selection of his running mate, and gave their opinions about Dan Quayle's motives and methods when he joined the National Guard during the Vietnam War. Background information on individuals includes party affiliation, age, income, religious preference, armed forces service, labor union membership, ethnicity, and education. ICPSR data undergo a confidentiality review and are altered when necessary to limit the risk of disclosure. ICPSR also routinely creates ready-to-go data files along with setups in the major statistical software formats as well as standard codebooks to accompany the data. In addition to these procedures, ICPSR performed the following processing steps for this data collection: Created variable labels and/or value labels.. Adults aged 18 and over in the United States. Stratified random digit dialing. 2009-08-13 SAS, SPSS, and Stata setups have been added to this data collection. This file contains weight variables that must be used in any analysis. The data contain blanks. Telephone exchanges have been recoded to '999' for reasons of confidentiality.

Abstract (en): This survey is part of an ongoing data collection effort by CBS News and The New York Times. Interviews were conducted with voters as they left the polls on election day, November 8, 1988. Respondents were asked about their vote choices in the presidential, senate, and gubernatorial races, the issues and factors that most influenced those votes, and whether they felt George Bush and Michael Dukakis spent more time explaining their stands on the issues or attacking each other. Other items included respondents' opinions on the condition of the United States economy, their presidential vote choice in 1984, when they made their presidential choice in the current election, and the strength of that choice. Demographic information collected includes sex, race, age, employment status, religion, education, political party identification, and family income. United States voters participating in the November 8, 1988 national election. The sampling frame consisted of all precincts in a state, stratified by party vote and geography. Within precincts, respondents were selected on a systematic random basis. 2006-01-18 File CB9137.PDF was removed from any previous datasets and flagged as a study-level file, so that it will accompany all downloads. Each part of this study has a weight variable that must be used in any analysis. The data contain blanks and alphabetic characters.