Residential natural gas prices in the United States amounted to 4.52 U.S. dollars per thousand cubic feet in 2021, up from 4.17 dollars per thousand cubic feet in the year prior. In 2019, figures reached the lowest price since the turn of the century, with a peak of 5.69 U.S. dollars recorded in 1985.

In 2023, the industrial natural gas price in the United States was 4.59 U.S. dollars per thousand cubic feet. This was a decrease compared to the previous year. In 2008, the U.S. price of natural gas for industry peaked at 9.65 U.S. dollars per thousand cubic feet as a result of the Great Recession. Despite the increase in natural gas prices for the industry sector in recent years, natural gas prices for other sectors were much higher. Regional price variations across U.S. hubs Natural gas prices can vary significantly across different regions of the United States. In 2024, the Waha trading hub in the Permian basin recorded the lowest spot prices due to its proximity to productive oil and gas wells and limited pipeline capacity. Meanwhile, the Henry Hub, which serves as the U.S. natural gas benchmark, averaged 2.2 U.S. dollars per million British thermal units in 2024. Looking ahead, forecasts suggest that Henry Hub prices could more than double by 2026, driven by increased demand. Industry natural gas prices around the world Switzerland has some of the highest natural gas prices for the industrial sector. U.S. prices are especially low in comparison to European clients who rely on imports. U.S. industrial natural gas consumers paid around one fourth of the price paid by Swiss consumers.

Household prices for natural gas in the United States reached 14.59 U.S. dollars per thousand cubic feet in 2024. This was a decrease compared to the previous year, which saw prices peak at more than 15 U.S. dollars. The 2023 price hikes were due to extreme winter weather events, which resulted in a decline in natural gas production and processing.

Graph and download economic data for Producer Price Index by Industry: Natural Gas Extraction: Residue Gas Shipped from Natural Gas Liquids Plants (PCU2111302111303) from Dec 1975 to Apr 2025 about liquids, plant, residual, extraction, gas, PPI, industry, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

As of May 2025, the average price for premium gasoline in Germany was around 176.9 euro cents per liter. This was a slight decrease compared to the year before.

Graph and download economic data for Producer Price Index by Industry: Natural Gas Extraction: Natural Gas (from the Wellhead) (PCU2111302111301) from Dec 1975 to Apr 2025 about extraction, gas, PPI, industry, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for Consumer Price Index: OECD Groups: Energy (Fuel, Electricity, and Gasoline): Total for Belgium (CPGREN01BEQ657N) from Q3 1975 to Q4 2023 about Belgium, fuels, electricity, energy, gas, CPI, price index, indexes, and price.

Interactive chart showing the monthly closing price for No. 2 Heating Oil: New York Harbor since 1986. The prices shown are in U.S. dollars.

This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on predominantly social issues. The questions ask opinions about the economy, rising prices and important problems within the country. There are also questions on other topics of interest and importance to the country and government, such as having a maximum highway speed and no fault divorce. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical variables. Topics of interest include: the approval of no fault divorce; the causes of rising prices; compulsory price restraint; compulsory wage restraint; maximum highway speed; the most important problems facing Canada; whether or not the oil companies should setting gas prices; satisfaction levels; voluntary arbitration prior to striking; and women's liberation. Basic demographic variables are also included.

Ireland Consumer Price Index (CPI): Housing, Water, Electricity, Gas & Other Fuels data was reported at 176.300 Dec2001=100 in Oct 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 176.000 Dec2001=100 for Sep 2018. Ireland Consumer Price Index (CPI): Housing, Water, Electricity, Gas & Other Fuels data is updated monthly, averaging 88.900 Dec2001=100 from Nov 1975 (Median) to Oct 2018, with 516 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 191.400 Dec2001=100 in Sep 2008 and a record low of 21.500 Dec2001=100 in Dec 1975. Ireland Consumer Price Index (CPI): Housing, Water, Electricity, Gas & Other Fuels data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Statistics Office of Ireland. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ireland – Table IE.I008: Consumer Price Index: Dec2001=100.

Natural gas prices are the highest in the residential sector. In 2024, U.S. households paid 14.59 U.S. dollars per 1,000 cubic feet, down from an all-time high of over 15.2 U.S. dollars per 1,000 cubic feet. Overall, U.S. residential natural gas prices have increased nearly tenfold since 1975. Commercial natural gas costs were second-highest, while prices in the electric power sector were the lowest, at around three U.S. dollars on average. Prices for the industrial and electric power customers tend to be close to the wholesale electricity price. The growing natural gas market U.S. natural gas consumption has increased more than any other fuel after the U.S. oil boom of the 2010s. Petroleum consumption has been more variable, and use of coal has significantly decreased. Today, natural gas is used extensively for electric power generation, with it having overtaken coal as the primary electricity generating source. This is despite coal prices being a lot less volatile and generally lower than natural gas.

Japan Import Price Index: CB Basis: Petroleum, Coal & Natural Gas data was reported at 240.700 2005=100 in May 2012. This records a decrease from the previous number of 248.100 2005=100 for Apr 2012. Japan Import Price Index: CB Basis: Petroleum, Coal & Natural Gas data is updated monthly, averaging 54.300 2005=100 from Jan 1975 (Median) to May 2012, with 449 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 251.400 2005=100 in Aug 2008 and a record low of 26.100 2005=100 in Jan 1975. Japan Import Price Index: CB Basis: Petroleum, Coal & Natural Gas data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of Japan. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.I259: Import Price Index: 2005=100: Contract Currency Basis.

United States - Producer Price Index by Commodity: Fuels and Related Products and Power: Unleaded Premium Gasoline was 225.27900 Index 1982=100 in May of 2025, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Producer Price Index by Commodity: Fuels and Related Products and Power: Unleaded Premium Gasoline reached a record high of 419.30100 in June of 2022 and a record low of 31.40000 in January of 1975. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Producer Price Index by Commodity: Fuels and Related Products and Power: Unleaded Premium Gasoline - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on July of 2025.

Comprising copies of submissions made to the Royal Commission on Petroleum which was undertaken by the Commonwealth Government and heard before Justice Collins, Judge of the Supreme Court of New South Wales.
Transcripts of the proceedings from 12 June-16 October 1974 are also included.

These copies were apparently held by Premier's Department.

The following descriptive details and references duplicate entry CA2031 National Archives of Australia at www.naa.gov.au.

The Royal Commission on Petroleum was established by Letters Patent issued on 12 September 1973 (Australian Government Gazette, No 129, 20 September 1973). The Honourable Wilfred Herbert Collins, Judge of the Supreme Court of New South Wales, was appointed Commissioner to inquire and report on the following matters, so far as they are relevant to laws that have been, or could be, made by Parliament, namely: all aspects of the production by refining, and the marketing and pricing, in Australia of all types of petroleum, diesel and other fuels for internal combustion and jet engines, derived from any form of liquid or gaseous hydro carbons, whether such hydro carbons are produced in Australia or elsewhere, and all types of residual furnace and heating fuels and other by-products likewise derived.

The Commission started collecting evidence in November 1973 after the appointment of Mr J F Kane as Secretary to the Commission on 12 November 1973. Because of the breadth and complexity of the inquiry, certain specific issues and problem areas were identified at the outset in the Letters Patent:

a) the need, in the public interest, for any changes in the number, location, capacity, technology, and type of refineries in Australia of any such form of liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons, and whether the allocations of the output of such fuels should be rationalized by joint operating or sharing of such refineries;

b) the need for additional refinery capacity to be located within the Sydney metropolitan area to serve the needs of that area;

(c) whether the prices of such fuels and other by-products are excessive and the extent to which the marketing management and trading practices, proliferation of service stations and retail outlets, and the granting of secret or other discounts, and the maintenance of a multi-tiered price structure by refineries and wholesales of such fuels, are contributed thereto;

d) whether, and if so to what extent, the policies and objectives of any of the refineries or wholesalers of such fuels have contributed to price-cutting wars in any one retail sector to the detriment of other sectors; and to what extent fuel pricing by companies operating in Australia which are subsidiaries of foreign operations has been influenced or determined by the decisions of their overseas principles in such matters as inflating original prices paid to overseas crude oil producers and shipping freight thereon thus creating an artificially high landed price to the detriment of Australian consumers

The Commission collected a large body of evidence from oil companies;service station and automobile associations; government departments; gas and fuel corporations; shire councils; universities; laboratories, legal firms and private individuals. Hearings commenced in Sydney on 16 April 1975. In order to collate the highly technical and often politically sensitive evidence, the Commission employed an international oil industry firm of consultants, A D Little International Incorporated, who provided the necessary expertise in all areas of the petroleum industry.

A total of six reports were prepared by the Commission, the areas covered in the reports reflecting the wide terms of reference of the inquiry. The Royal Commission took the view that the matter of shortages fell within its terms of reference. This matter was examined in the firstreport, "Shortages of Petroleum Products", presented in October 1974. (1)

The second report, December 1974, set out the general factual background against which two proposals for new refineries in New South Wales were considered. (2) Although the Commission was originally concerned with only the Sydney metropolitan area, it was convenient to examine together the two proposals of BHP/Sleigh and Ampol/Total. Ampol/Total proposed an additional refinery in the Sydney metropolitan area at Kurnell Peninsular or Lucas Heights, theBHP/Sleigh submission was for a hydro-skimming refinery at Newcastle.

The third report, September 1975, titled "On the circumstances of the transfer of allocated indigenous crude oil by Allied Petrochemicals Pty. Limited to ACTU-Solo Enterprises Pty. Limited", was chiefly concerned with the terms upon which the crude oil was sold by Allied Petrochemicals to ACTU-Solo. (3) This report arose out of the evidence gathered by the Commission for its fourth report on the marketing and pricing of petroleum products in Australia.

The fourth report, April 1976, was a comprehensive survey of the marketing and pricing of the major petroleum product - motor spirit. (4)

"National Refining Policy" was the topic of the fifth report, October 1976. (5) Much of the evidence collected for the second report was updated and extended, the specific topic was the rationalisation of refining output by joint operations. The Commission examined submissions for a small refinery at Alice Springs based on Mereenie crude oil, and a North West Shelf Refinery utilising natural gas for the de-sulphurisation and refining of foreign crude oil.

The sixth and final report, "The use of Liquefied Petroleum Gas" dealt with the role of liquefied petroleum gas in the Australian energy economy. It was presented on 1 November 1976. (6)

Endnotes
1. Commonwealth Parliamentary Papers, No 229 of 1974.
2. Commonwealth Parliamentary Papers, No 21 of 1975.
3. Commonwealth Parliamentary Papers, No 279 of 1975.
4. Commonwealth Parliamentary Papers, No 99 of 1976.
5. Commonwealth Parliamentary Papers, No 308 of 1976.
6. Commonwealth Parliamentary Papers, No 399 of 1976.
7. Borchardt, Checklist of Royal Commissions, 1960-1980, pp 102-104.

(8/2450-53). 4 boxes.

Note:
This description (as amended) is extracted from Concise Guide to the State Archives of New South Wales, 3rd Edition 2000.

The 2025 annual OPEC oil price stood at ***** U.S. dollars per barrel, as of May. This would be lower than the 2024 average, which amounted to ***** U.S. dollars. The abbreviation OPEC stands for Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries and includes Algeria, Angola, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Iraq, Iran, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, and the United Arab Emirates. The aim of the OPEC is to coordinate the oil policies of its member states. It was founded in 1960 in Baghdad, Iraq. The OPEC Reference Basket The OPEC crude oil price is defined by the price of the so-called OPEC (Reference) basket. This basket is an average of prices of the various petroleum blends that are produced by the OPEC members. Some of these oil blends are, for example: Saharan Blend from Algeria, Basra Light from Iraq, Arab Light from Saudi Arabia, BCF 17 from Venezuela, et cetera. By increasing and decreasing its oil production, OPEC tries to keep the price between a given maxima and minima. Benchmark crude oil The OPEC basket is one of the most important benchmarks for crude oil prices worldwide. Other significant benchmarks are UK Brent, West Texas Intermediate (WTI), and Dubai Crude (Fateh). Because there are many types and grades of oil, such benchmarks are indispensable for referencing them on the global oil market. The 2025 fall in prices was the result of weakened demand outlooks exacerbated by extensive U.S. trade tariffs.

Graph and download economic data for Producer Price Index by Commodity: Fuels and Related Products and Power: Unleaded Premium Gasoline (WPS057103) from Jan 1975 to May 2025 about unleaded premium, fuels, gas, commodities, PPI, inflation, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

United States PPI: Mining: OG: NG: PP: Gas Residue data was reported at 243.396 Jun1984=100 in Jan 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 135.953 Jun1984=100 for Dec 2024. United States PPI: Mining: OG: NG: PP: Gas Residue data is updated monthly, averaging 91.900 Jun1984=100 from Dec 1975 (Median) to Jan 2025, with 572 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 501.100 Jun1984=100 in Jul 2008 and a record low of 15.800 Jun1984=100 in Feb 1976. United States PPI: Mining: OG: NG: PP: Gas Residue data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.I081: Producer Price Index: by Industry: Logging and Mining.

As of May 2025, the average annual price of Brent crude oil stood at 72 U.S. dollars per barrel. This is some eight U.S. dollars lower than the 2024 average. Brent is the world's leading price benchmark for Atlantic basin crude oils. Crude oil is one of the most closely observed commodity prices as it influences costs across all stages of the production process and consequently alters the price of consumer goods as well. What determines crude oil benchmarks? In the past decade, crude oil prices have been especially volatile. Their inherent inelasticity regarding short-term changes in demand and supply means that oil prices are erratic by nature. However, since the 2009 financial crisis, many commercial developments have greatly contributed to price volatility; such as economic growth by BRIC countries like China and India, and the advent of hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling in the U.S. The outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine war are examples of geopolitical events dictating prices. Light crude oils - Brent and WTI Brent Crude is considered a classification of sweet light crude oil and acts as a benchmark price for oil around the world. It is considered a sweet light crude oil due to its low sulfur content and a low density and may be easily refined into gasoline. This oil originates in the North Sea and comprises several different oil blends, including Brent Blend and Ekofisk crude. Often, this crude oil is refined in Northwest Europe. Another sweet light oil often referenced alongside UK Brent is West Texas Intermediate (WTI). WTI oil prices amounted to 76.55 U.S. dollars per barrel in 2024.

United States PPI: Mining: OG: PG: PP: Natural Gas data was reported at 102.153 Jun1984=100 in Jan 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 100.457 Jun1984=100 for Dec 2024. United States PPI: Mining: OG: PG: PP: Natural Gas data is updated monthly, averaging 89.250 Jun1984=100 from Dec 1975 (Median) to Jan 2025, with 572 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 451.600 Jun1984=100 in Oct 2005 and a record low of 15.800 Jun1984=100 in Feb 1976. United States PPI: Mining: OG: PG: PP: Natural Gas data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.I081: Producer Price Index: by Industry: Logging and Mining.

South Korea PPI: Gas range data was reported at 116.940 2020=100 in Mar 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 115.660 2020=100 for Feb 2025. South Korea PPI: Gas range data is updated monthly, averaging 105.680 2020=100 from Jan 1975 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 603 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 116.940 2020=100 in Mar 2025 and a record low of 77.200 2020=100 in Dec 1979. South Korea PPI: Gas range data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by The Bank of Korea. The data is categorized under Global Database’s South Korea – Table KR.I045: Producer Price Index: 2020=100.