In the third quarter of 2025, Mexicans paid on average **** million Mexican pesos to acquire a residential property. Compared to the same period of the previous year, the nominal price increased by nearly ******* pesos. Mexico City registered the highest price for this type of property, with an average exceeding ***** million pesos per residential unit. Housing tenureCompared to renting or borrowing, house ownership is the favored form of housing tenure in Mexico. In 2022, nearly ** percent of all Mexican households owned their homes, while only ** percent rented them. Moreover, roughly ** percent of the owned households in the country were completely paid off, while the remaining households were still in the payment process. Mortgages in MexicoMortgages, or homeownership loans, are debt instruments used by individuals to acquire real estate property, without needing to pay the total cost upfront. Mortgages are universally common and important for Mexico’s residential real estate industry. In 2024, almost ********mortgage loans were granted in Mexico, increasing from the lowest amount the country had seen in the past decade a year earlier. From the mortgage value granted in 2022, approximately ** percent came from private banks.

Mexico's housing market demonstrates significant regional price variations, with Mexico City emerging as the most expensive area for residential property in the third quarter of 2025. The capital city's average house price of 3.93 million Mexican pesos far exceeds the national average of 1.86 million pesos, highlighting the stark contrast in property values across the country. This disparity reflects broader economic and demographic trends shaping Mexico's real estate landscape. Sustained growth in housing prices The Mexican housing market has experienced substantial growth over the past decade, with home prices more than doubling since 2010. By the second quarter of 2025, the nominal house price index reached 287 points, representing a 187 percent increase from the baseline year. Even when adjusted for inflation, the real house price index showed a notable 50 percent growth, underscoring the market's resilience and attractiveness to investors. The mortgage market is dominated by three main player types: Infonavit, Fovissste, and commercial banks including Sofomes. In 2023, Infonavit, a scheme by Mexico's National Housing Fund Institute which provides lending to workers in the formal sector, was responsible for the majority of mortgages granted to individuals. Challenges in mortgage lending Despite the overall growth in housing prices, Mexico's mortgage market has faced challenges in recent years. The number of new mortgage loans granted has declined over the past decade, falling by approximately 200,000 loans between 2008 and 2023. This decrease in lending activity may be attributed to various factors, including economic uncertainties and changing consumer preferences. The state of Mexico, which is home to 13 percent of the country's population, likely plays a significant role in shaping these trends given its large demographic influence on the national housing market.

Context

This dataset consists of 300k+ records of tortilla prices from Mexico's national System of Information and Market Integration, which surveys 53 cities, 384 mom-and-pop stores, and 120 retail stores that sell "tortillas" throughout Mexico.

Mexico's Bureau of Economic Affairs publishes the information on this site based on a survey made across the whole country. Still, it is not very user-friendly, so the information since 2007 was downloaded and stored in a single, easy-to-use CSV file.

The price on each record consists of the mean prices for all observations made on that day, in that city, and in that state. The price shown in the file is for 1 (one) kilogram of tortillas in Mexican pesos ($MXN).

If you don't know what a "tortilla" is, the article in Wikipedia is a good start to get you up and running.

Inspiration

Tortilla is one of Mexico's most important foods. It is made almost entirely of milled corn and water, which forms a dough that is cooked for some minutes before being stored and ready to sell. It is similar to Naan bread, commonly known for its use in Indian cuisine, but made out of corn instead of wheat. Tortillas are sold in packages of 1 kilogram, which, depending on their size, can have around 40 to 50 tortillas per kilogram. Mom-and-pop stores can sell tortillas in fractions of kilograms.

This dataset contains information from both mom-and-pop stores (small stores located near residential areas dedicated solely to selling fresh tortillas) and from big retailers (such as Walmart, which sells tortillas in Mexico in almost all of its stores).

https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/kaggle-user-content/o/inbox%2F2718659%2Ff918235c86a0d2183807b041a024f118%2Fmom-and-pop-store.png?generation=1709524219666519&alt=media" alt="mom-and-pop-store">

Example of a typical mom-and-pop store (aka "Tortillería") in Mexico

https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/kaggle-user-content/o/inbox%2F2718659%2F6b16090673e26a509aaebc4e89b207b2%2FWalmart-Tortilleria.jpg?generation=1709524326553327&alt=media" alt="">

Example of a stand selling tortillas in Walmart

Several interesting facts can be made regarding the price of tortillas in these two types of stores... surprisingly, retail stores sell tortillas way below the prices of mom-and-pop stores, while at the same time, mom-and-pop stores usually sell tortillas to people with less income than those who buy them in a retail store.

The price difference between retailers and mom-and-pop stores has increased since the COVID-19 pandemic, as illustrated in the following figure.

https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/kaggle-user-content/o/inbox%2F2718659%2F88cba385cef8b043ef662859e66a7b71%2Flineplot_by_type_2007-2024.png?generation=1709523281176095&alt=media" alt="">

The purpose of publishing this dataset is to raise awareness of the importance of food price monitoring and the impact those prices can have on people's lives.

Thumbnail photo by Louis Hansel on Unsplash

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