The oil and natural gas price index is calculated using price data from both resources, weighted according to their share of energy consumption in the United States. The year 1982 is used as the base year for this index. Data sources include the International Monetary Fund and the Energy Information Administration.

Natural gas rose to 3.49 USD/MMBtu on October 21, 2025, up 2.62% from the previous day. Over the past month, Natural gas's price has risen 24.24%, and is up 50.85% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Natural gas - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on October of 2025.

In 2023, the producer price index of crude oil and natural gas in Vietnam amounted to approximately 121.13 index points. In that year, the country's producer price index for the mining and quarrying industry was estimated at 210.42 points.

Crude Oil and Natural Gas Market Outlook

The global crude oil and natural gas market size was valued at approximately USD 2.5 trillion in 2023 and is expected to reach around USD 3.1 trillion by 2032, exhibiting a CAGR of 2.4% during the forecast period. The market's growth is significantly driven by the increasing global energy demand and ongoing industrialization in emerging economies. Other contributing factors include technological advancements in extraction and production methods, as well as geopolitical dynamics affecting supply chains and pricing.

One major growth factor is the rising global energy consumption, which continues to surge due to rapid industrialization and urbanization in countries like China, India, and Brazil. These nations are experiencing extensive growth in their manufacturing and transportation sectors, leading to higher demand for crude oil and natural gas. Additionally, natural gas is becoming increasingly popular as a cleaner alternative to coal for power generation, further boosting market demand. Innovations in extraction technologies, such as hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling, have also enabled access to previously untapped reserves, enhancing supply capabilities.

Another critical driver is the investment in infrastructure to support the growing energy needs. Governments and private entities are investing heavily in pipelines, refineries, and storage facilities to improve efficiency and ensure a steady supply of crude oil and natural gas. Moreover, advancements in liquefied natural gas (LNG) technologies are making it easier to transport gas over long distances, opening up new markets and driving international trade. The geopolitical landscape also plays a significant role, with oil-rich nations forming strategic partnerships and alliances to control and stabilize global oil prices.

The increasing focus on energy security is also propelling the market. Countries are keen to reduce their dependency on foreign oil and gas imports by investing in domestic production capabilities and exploring renewable energy sources. However, despite the push for renewables, crude oil and natural gas remain indispensable for many applications, including transportation, industrial processes, and residential heating. This dual focus on energy security and diversification continues to stimulate market growth while also promoting technological innovations aimed at increasing production efficiency and reducing environmental impacts.

Regionally, the market outlook varies significantly. North America, led by the United States, remains a dominant player due to its extensive shale gas reserves and technological advancements in drilling. Europe is focusing on diversifying its energy mix and reducing dependency on Russian gas, while Asia-Pacific is experiencing robust growth driven by industrialization and urbanization. The Middle East & Africa continues to be a crucial supplier, leveraging its vast reserves to meet global demand. These regional dynamics play a pivotal role in shaping the global market landscape, creating both opportunities and challenges for stakeholders.

Product Type Analysis

The crude oil segment remains the largest contributor to the overall market, driven by its extensive use in transportation fuels such as gasoline, diesel, and aviation fuel. Its applications extend beyond energy to the production of petrochemicals, which are essential for manufacturing plastics, synthetic rubber, and numerous other industrial goods. The demand for crude oil is also bolstered by its role in various industrial processes and the ongoing investments in refining capacities around the world. Innovations in refining technologies are further enhancing the efficiency and output of crude oil processing, making it a continually vital commodity.

Natural gas, on the other hand, is experiencing rapid growth as a cleaner and more efficient alternative to traditional fossil fuels. Its applications span from electricity generation to residential heating and cooking. The development of LNG technology has revolutionized natural gas distribution, enabling it to be transported across the globe and reach markets that were previously inaccessible. Additionally, natural gas is increasingly used in the industrial sector for processes requiring high thermal energy and in the production of chemicals like ammonia and methanol. The environmental advantages of natural gas, such as lower carbon emissions compared to coal and oil, are also contributing to its rising popularity.

Furthermore, the exploration and production seg

View market daily updates and historical trends for Crude Oil to Natural Gas Price Ratio. Source: Energy Information Administration. Track economic data w…

About the ProjectKAPSARC is analyzing the shifting dynamics of the global gas markets. Global gas markets have turned upside down during the past five years: North America has emerged as a large potential future LNG exporter while gas demand growth has been slowing down as natural gas gets squeezed between coal and renewables. While the coming years will witness the fastest LNG export capacity expansion ever seen, many questions are raised on the next generation of LNG supply, the impact of low oil and gas prices on supply and demand patterns and how pricing and contractual structure may be affected by both the arrival of U.S. LNG on global gas markets and the desire of Asian buyers for cheaper gas.Key PointsIn the past year, global gas prices have dropped significantly, albeit at unequal paces depending on the region. All else being equal, economists would suggest that this should have generated a positive demand response. However, “all else” was not equal. Prices of other commodities also declined while economic growth forecasts were downgraded. Prices at benchmark points such as the U.K. National Balancing Point (NBP), U.S. Henry Hub (HH) and Japan/Korea Marker (JKM) slumped due to lower oil prices, liquefied natural gas (LNG) oversupply and unseasonal weather. Yet, the prices of natural gas in local currencies have increased in a number of developing countries in Africa, the Middle East, Latin America, former Soviet Union (FSU) and Asia. North America experienced demand growth while gas in Europe and Asia faced rising competition from cheaper coal, renewables and, in some instances, nuclear. Gains to European demand were mostly weather related while increases in Africa and Latin America were not significant. For LNG, Europe became the market of last resort as Asian consumption declined. Moreover, an anticipated surge in LNG supply, brought on by several new projects, may lead to a confrontation with Russian or other pipeline gas suppliers to Europe. At the same time, Asian buyers are seeking concessions on pricing and flexibility in their long-term contracts. Looking ahead, natural gas has to prove itself a credible and affordable alternative to coal, notably in Asia, if the world is to reach its climate change targets. The future of the gas industry will also depend on oil prices, evolution of Chinese energy demand and impact of COP21 on national energy policies. Current low prices mean there is likely to be a pause in final investment decisions (FIDs) on LNG projects in the coming years.

This statistic depicts the ratio of oil to natural gas prices worldwide from 1994 to 2018. In 2018, the price ratio of oil to natural gas was ****, meaning that the price of oil was **** times higher than the natural gas price that year.

TTF Gas rose to 32.23 EUR/MWh on October 21, 2025, up 1.56% from the previous day. Over the past month, TTF Gas's price has risen 1.22%, but it is still 21.53% lower than a year ago, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. EU Natural Gas TTF - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on October of 2025.

Coverage: European TTF, US Henry Hub, and global LNG spot markets. Scope: Real-time events, market commentary, fundamental sentiment heatmaps, and six-month forecasting. Sources & cadence: >50,000 articles/events/day ingested; real-time processing with millisecond latency; weekly round-ups; monthly overviews. Primary use cases: Signal discovery, risk monitoring, price commentary, scenario modelling, quant integration, and backtesting. Data grain by entity: Event: one row per detected story/event (TTF/HH/LNG; asset or macro scope). MarketCommentary: rolling narrative summary for a period/asset, with headline counts and source breadth. WeeklyRoundup: week-level summary per benchmark. FundamentalSentiment: categorical sentiment matrix/heatmap by date and topic. Forecast: point-in-time forecast set (current, expected, range, path). Conventions: ISO-8601 UTC timestamps; currency field when applicable (EUR for TTF, USD for HH/LNG unless specified); sentiment ∈ {Positive, Negative, Neutral}; direction ∈ {Up, Down, Flat}; scope ∈ {ASSET, MACRO, SECTOR}.

Graph and download economic data for Producer Price Index by Industry: Oil and Gas Extraction (PCU21112111) from Dec 1985 to Aug 2025 about extraction, oil, gas, PPI, industry, inflation, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

UK Gas fell to 80.51 GBp/thm on October 22, 2025, down 0.88% from the previous day. Over the past month, UK Gas's price has risen 0.23%, but it is still 22.31% lower than a year ago, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. UK Natural Gas - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on October of 2025.

Countries in Europe have some of the highest natural gas prices for the industry in the world. In the first quarter of 2025, industrial customers in Switzerland paid approximately 0.17 U.S. dollars per megawatt hour worth of natural gas. This was considerably higher than the price of gas in natural gas producing countries such as Russia and Algeria. Determining natural gas prices Like other commodities, natural gas prices are driven by supply and demand trends. In some instances, they may also reflect developments within the oil market, as both commodities are often produced together. Natural gas prices are volatile. Seeing as the consumption of natural gas is often without alternative (e.g. within power plants), short-term changes to supply and demand have huge repercussions for the market. Weather is also a common determinant of natural gas prices. Unprecedented heat waves in the U.S. have driven up electricity demand for air conditioning and affected weekly Henry Hub natural gas prices in the hotter summer months. Natural gas demand Primary energy demand generated by natural gas worldwide is highest in North America. Nevertheless, forecasts suggest that the Asia Pacific region will experience a doubling in such demand by 2050 and overtake consumers in North America. The United States is still leading a ranking of world natural gas consumption by country. However, China has increased its LNG and gas pipeline investment portfolio, which could see it becoming an even greater consumer in the future.

Kazakhstan Purchase Price Index: MR: MQ: EM: Crude Oil & Natural Gas data was reported at 109.000 Prev Dec=100 in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 104.900 Prev Dec=100 for 2016. Kazakhstan Purchase Price Index: MR: MQ: EM: Crude Oil & Natural Gas data is updated yearly, averaging 108.900 Prev Dec=100 from Dec 1996 (Median) to 2017, with 22 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 134.700 Prev Dec=100 in 2008 and a record low of 97.000 Prev Dec=100 in 2002. Kazakhstan Purchase Price Index: MR: MQ: EM: Crude Oil & Natural Gas data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by The Agency of Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Kazakhstan – Table KZ.I028: Purchase Price Index: Previous December=100.

According to Cognitive Market Research, the global Natural Gas Liquids market size was USD 17542.2 million in 2024. It will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.60% from 2024 to 2031.

North America held the major market share for more than 40% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 7016.88 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.8% from 2024 to 2031.
Europe accounted for a market share of over 30% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 5262.66 million.
Asia Pacific held a market share of around 23% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 4034.71 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.6% from 2024 to 2031.
Latin America had a market share of more than 5% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 877.11 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.0% from 2024 to 2031.
Middle East and Africa had a market share of around 2% of the global revenue and was estimated at a market size of USD 350.84 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.3% from 2024 to 2031.
The ethane category is the fastest growing segment of the Natural Gas Liquids industry

Market Dynamics of Natural Gas Liquids Market

Key Drivers for Natural Gas Liquids Market

Increasing Petrochemical Industry to Boost Market Growth

The market for natural gas liquids (NGL) is mostly driven by the expanding petrochemical sector. Natural gas liquids (NGLs) like ethane, propane, and butane are vital raw materials for the synthesis of petrochemicals like ethylene and propylene, which are extensively utilized in the creation of synthetic materials, chemicals, and plastics. The need for NGLs is rising due to the petrochemical industry's explosive growth, particularly in North America and Asia. The utilization of NGLs in a variety of applications is growing as a result of growing industrialization and technological developments in chemical processing. The global need for consumer goods, packaging, and industrial materials is driving the petrochemical industry's growth, which in turn will fuel the NGL market's long-term growth.

The Surge in Shale Gas Production to Drive Market Growth

The market for natural gas liquids (NGL) is growing as a result of increased shale gas output. Production of NGLs, including ethane, propane, and butane, has expanded because of the spike in shale gas extraction, especially in North America, through horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing technology. These liquids are frequently left over after natural gas from shale formations is extracted. In order to fulfill growing global demand, the U.S. shale boom has improved export prospects and supported local NGL supplies. The supply of NGLs is directly increased by the ongoing expansion of shale gas production, which fosters the long-term growth of the NGL market by meeting the increasing demand from sectors such as transportation, energy, and petrochemicals.

Restraint Factor for the Natural Gas Liquids Market

Price Volatility for Crude Oil Will Limit Market Growth

The volatility of crude oil prices severely constrains

The natural gas liquids (NGL) market. Because NGLs are frequently extracted in conjunction with crude oil and natural gas, changes in oil prices have an immediate effect on how profitable it is to produce NGLs. Oil and gas companies may cut back on drilling when crude oil prices drop, which lowers the output of NGLs. Furthermore, a decline in oil prices may increase the appeal of alternative energy sources, which would lessen the market for NGLs. On the other hand, sudden spikes in oil prices can cause market instability and increase the operational expenses for NGL producers. It is difficult for NGL market participants to sustain consistent growth because of this price volatility, which also makes long-term planning more difficult and causes investor concern.

Impact of Covid-19 on the Natural Gas Liquids Market

The COVID-19 pandemic had a substantial effect on the natural gas liquids (NGL) market because it caused supply chain disruptions on a worldwide scale, decreased energy consumption, and a steep reduction in industrial activity. Lockdowns and limitations reduced the demand for NGLs, especially in the transportation and petrochemical sectors, which are big users of butane, propane, and ethane. The demand for NGLs as alternati...

Petroleum and natural gas are used in a variety of industries for a wide range of purposes. In Germany, these fossil fuels have been extracted since the beginning of the 20th century and make a small contribution to guaranteeing Germany's energy supply. According to the BVEG, there are around 23.7 million tonnes of crude oil reserves and 36 billion cubic metres of natural gas reserves in Germany as of 2022. The industry's turnover and profit development is closely linked to the development of world market prices for crude oil and natural gas. OPEC+ plays an important role in setting oil prices. By setting production quotas, OPEC+ can adjust supply to demand and thus stabilise or increase prices. Following the price slump in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the price of oil and gas began to rise again in 2021. The recovery of the global economy and rising demand for energy drove prices up. Limited production capacities and supply bottlenecks further exacerbated this trend. The Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 led to a further price increase. Economic sanctions and import embargoes against Russia, an important exporter of natural gas, caused prices to rise further. Energy prices have fallen again since 2023, but remain at a high level. Oil and gas prices will also remain volatile in 2025, influenced by geopolitical tensions, economic uncertainties and OPEC+ decisions.Since 2020, turnover in the sector has risen by an average of 8.2% per year. This is primarily due to price increases in 2021 and 2022. However, the recent lower international prices for crude oil and natural gas as well as steadily declining production volumes have led to a negative development in the industry since 2023. Fears of a global recession and the actual slowdown in economic growth in some regions have dampened demand for oil and natural gas while global production volumes remain high. For 2025, IBISWorld expects sales to fall by 0.7% compared to the previous year to 2.9 billion euros.In the long term, the industry will not be able to recover, even though natural gas in particular is likely to continue to play an important role in energy and heat generation in Germany. The declining reserves of raw materials in Germany are further reducing the companies' production output. The domestic production volume of natural gas was 169,428 terajoules in 2022, compared to 378,425 terajoules in 2012. As a result, companies in the sector are increasingly starting to reorient themselves internationally and outside the renewable energy sector. Turnover is expected to fall by 1.2% per year and reach 2.7 billion euros in 2030.

As per Cognitive Market Research's latest published report, the Global Oil Exploration and Production market size is $3,588.98 Million in 2024 and it is forecasted to reach $5,116.57 Billion by 2031. Oil Exploration and Production Industry's Compound Annual Growth Rate was 5.20% from 2024 to 2031. Market Dynamics of the Oil Exploration and Production Market

Market Driver for the Oil Exploration and Production Market

The increasing investment in oil sector by several government bodies worldwide elevates the market growth 

Many countries view a stable and secure energy supply as crucial for their economic development and national security. Investing in the oil sector helps ensure a reliable source of energy. Oil exploration and production contribute significantly to the economic growth of a country. Governments often invest in the oil sector to capitalize on the potential for high returns, which can be used to fund public services, infrastructure projects, and other essential programs. Despite efforts to transition to renewable energy sources, the global demand for oil remains high. Governments recognize the need to meet this demand and ensure a stable energy supply to support industrial processes, transportation, and other key sectors. The oil and gas industry encompasses activities linked to exploration, including the search for hydrocarbons, identification of high-potential areas for oil and gas extraction, test drilling, the construction of wells, and initial extraction. According to the Center on Global Energy Policy, data 2023, the 2021–22 period of high oil and gas prices did not lead to a significant increase in capital spending by private companies despite record profits. One exception has been upstream exploration and production (E&P) companies, whose capital spending in 2022 was the highest since 2014.   According to the International Labor Organization (ILO), data 2022, the oil and gas industry makes a significant contribution to the global economy and to its growth and development worldwide. The oil industry alone accounts for almost 3 per cent of global domestic product. The trade in crude oil reached US$640 billion in 2020, making it one of the world’s most traded commodities. Additionally, the industry is highly capital-intensive. Globally investments in oil and gas supply reached more than US$511 billion in 2020. According to the oil and gas industry outlook, data 2023, rapid recovery in demand, and geopolitical developments have driven oil prices to 2014 highs and upstream cash flows to record levels. In 2022, the global upstream industry is projected to generate its highest-ever free cash flows of $1.4 trillion at an assumed average Brent oil price of $106/bbl. Until now, the industry has practiced capital discipline and focused on cash flow generation and pay-out—2022 year-to-date average O&G production is up by 4.5% over the same period last year, while 2022 free cash flows per barrel of production is projected to be higher by nearly 70% over 2021. In addition, high commodity prices and growing concerns over energy security are creating urgency for many to diversify supply and accelerate the energy transition. As a result, clean energy investment by Oil &Gas companies has risen by an average of 12% each year since 2020 and is expected to account for an estimated 5% of total Oil & Gas capex spending in 2022, up from less than 2% in 2020.Therefore, investments made over recent decades enabled the United States to become a world leader in oil and natural gas production. Thus, owing to increased oil production, the demand for oil exploration and production has surged during the past few years.

The rising demand for oil across both commercial and residential sector is expected to drive the market growth 

Oil remains a primary source of energy for transportation, including cars, trucks, ships, and airplanes. The growing global population, urbanization, and increased industrial activity contribute to a rise in the number of vehicles and the overall demand for transportation fuels derived from oil, such as gasoline and diesel. Many industrial processes rely on oil and its by-products as energy sources and raw materials. Industries such as manufacturing, petrochemicals, and construction utilize oil-based products for various applications, including heating, power generation, and the production of plasti...

Crude oil and natural gas prices play a crucial role in the global economy. This article explores the factors that determine these commodities' prices, including supply and demand dynamics, geopolitical events, production levels, and market speculation.

Dataset

This dataset was created by Rithik Kotha

Contents

Context

Monthly and Daily Natural Gas Prices

Content

Monthly and Daily Natural Gas Prices, collected from Data Hub. I expect to update these files annually.

The file contains data as well as R files necessary to replicate the results from baseline model from the paper "Have European natural gas prices decoupled from crude oil prices? Evidence from TVP-VAR analysis" written by Karol Szafranek & Michał Rubaszek and published in Studies in Nonlinear Dynamics and EconometricsPlease consult the SNDE_readme.txt file included in the archive.