This Gallup poll explores the opinions of Canadians on various political issues, current events, and asks their predictions for the future. It also tackles such topics as unemployment and gender issues. All respondents were asked questions so that they could be classified according to demographic, geographic and social variables. Topics of interest include: car ownership; China; city problems; communism; economic depression; Eisenhower; elections; gender issues; housing; ideal job for women; international trade; life expectancy; marriage quarrels; price trends; Prime Minister; political parties; changes in postage price; Russia; sleeping patterns; unemployment rates; union membership; voting behaviour; work in an asylum; and the world tour taken by the Prime Minister. Basic demographics variables are also included.

This Gallup Poll asks Canadians' opinions on a few major issues: price and wage freezes, government ownership and management of assets, politics and voting. Respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, demographic and social variables. Topics of interest include: federal election; government ownership; phones; political party; price freeze; union membership; and voting behaviour. Basic demographic variables are also included.

Abstract

A survey of select rural markets in Rwanda captured monthly data on price and availability of a basket of 68 goods. Data was captured every month from January 2017 to November 2020 for 130 markets; 18 additional markets have data from 2017 and 2018 only. The markets are not a random sample and were selected based on their proximity to roads scheduled for rehabilitation by the Government of Rwanda. Markets are spread across 21 districts in Rwanda, covering all 4 provinces.

This is a panel dataset of monthly price data from a selected sample of rural markets in Rwanda, with data points starting in January 2017 and ending in November 2020.

Geographic coverage

The dataset includes markets in 21 districts of Rwanda, covering all 4 provinces.

Analysis unit

Product (one observation per product per month per market).

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Markets were purposively sampled, based on proximity to roads prioritized for rehabilitation by the Government of Rwanda.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Cleaning operations

2-3 price points were taken per product at each market per month. In order to deal with outliers, prices were logged and averaged to get mean monthly prices, then exponentiated to be interpretable. Where a product was not available, there is no price data. However, there are cases where a product was available but price data was not available. Indicators other than availability and price are embargoed and not included in the dataset at this time.

This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians on political and social issues of interest to the country and government. There are questions about elections, world conflicts, money matters and prices. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical and social variables. Topics of interest include: the cutback of NATO forces in Europe; the dispute between Arabs and Jews; the amount of government money spent on Expo '67; opinions on who gets the most profit with the increased prices of vegetables; the amount of objectionable material in the media; the opinions about John Robarts; the opinions about topless waitresses; political preferences; provinces with power; the ratings of Stanfield as leader of the opposition; whether or not some proportion of income is saved; sex education in schools, the use of alcohol; which household member decides on money matters; which family member gets a fixed amount of pocket money; and who gets profit from the increased price of meat. Basic demographic variables are also included.

This Gallup poll aims to collect the political views of Canadians. It seeks thoughts on political parties, issues central to politics, and interest in elections, across various demographic, geographic and social groups. Topics of interest include: car ownership; farm problems; the federal election; health plans; high prices; labour problems; phone ownership; preferred political parties; taxation; union membership; and voting behaviour. Basic demographics variables are also included.

This dataset covers ballots 235-39, spanning March, May, July, September, and November 1954. The dataset contains the data resulting from these polls in ASCII. The ballots are as follows: 235 - March This Gallup poll explores the opinions of Canadians on various political issues, current events, and asks their predictions for the future. It also tackles such topics as unemployment and gender issues. All respondents were asked questions so that they could be classified according to demographic, geographic and social variables. Topics of interest include: car ownership; China; city problems; communism; economic depression; Eisenhower; elections; gender issues; housing; ideal job for women; international trade; life expectancy; marriage quarrels; price trends; Prime Minister; political parties; changes in postage price; Russia; sleeping patterns; unemployment rates; union membership; voting behaviour; work in an asylum; and the world tour taken by the Prime Minister. Basic demographics variables are also included. 236 - May This Gallup poll explores the opinions of Canadians on various political issues, current events, and personal habits. Topics of interest include: coffee consumption, equal pay, holiday plans, the hydrogen bomb, intervening in Indo-China, the voting age, recommended professions, investing habits, teaching money management in school, opinions on foreign investment, immigration, past mistakes, Senator Joseph R. McCarthy, schooling, voting behavior. Basic demographics variables are also included. 237 - July This Gallup poll explores Canadians' opinions on trends and current events. It includes topics such as jobs, job hiring, politics, money and religion. Additionally, personal information has been collected from the respondents so that they can be grouped into demographic, geographic and social groups. The topics of interest include: the Bible; car ownership; dating; desirable qualities of character; divorce; family spending; the federal election; Germany; government's main job; marriage success; phone ownership; preferred political party; price expectations; problems facing Canada; problems with education; racial discrimination; radio contests; Russia; standard of living; union membership; voting behaviour; and what to do in the event of an air raid. Basic demographics variables are also included. 238 - September This Gallup poll explores Canadians' opinions on trends and current events. Topics of interest include: who should be pictured on Canadian currency, your driving record listing crimes, war with Russia, travel habits, the E.D.C., the consequences of German rearming, reactions in a fire, the St. Lawrence Seaway plan, communism, discipline in schools, Thanksgiving plans, schooling, voting behavior. Basic demographics variables are also included. 239 - November This Gallup poll aims to gather Canadians' opinions on issues that are generally important to the country. Such issues include mandatory retirement, education, unemployment and world peace. All respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geography, demographics and social class. Topics of interest include: awareness of cabinet ministers; British commonwealth; car ownership; Christmas; desirable laws; driving convictions; federal elections; labour strikes; mandatory retirement; mother in laws; phone ownership; preferred political parties; prospects for world peace; responsibility for running schools; Russia; Santa Claus; sportsman of the year; labour strikes; teachers' pay; unemployment rate; and voting behaviour. Basic demographics variables are also included. The codebook for this dataset is available through the UBC Library catalogue, with call number HN110.Z9 P84.

This Gallup poll seeks to collect the opinions of Canadians on important political issues, both in Canada and abroad. The major political issues discussed within Canada include prices, defence and unemployment, although lighter issues such as advertising and how spare time is spent are also discussed. Respondents were also asked questions so that they could be classified according to geographic, demographic and social variables. The topics of interest include: whether advertisements are believable or not; the Arab Israeli conflict in Palestine; car ownership; the Conservative party; defence policy; the federal election; government control of schools; how spare time is spent; John Diefenbaker's performance as Prime Minister; the number of jobs held by respondents; preferred political parties; price trends; Unemployment rates; union membership; and voting behaviour. Basic demographics variables are also included.

This dataset covers ballots 212 and 214, for August and October 1951. The dataset contains the data resulting from these polls in ASCII. The ballots are as follows: 212 - August This Gallup Poll asks the opinions and political views of Canadians. This survey also includes questions on sleeping patterns, prices, government issues and pensions. Respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, political and social variables. Specific topics of interest include: car ownership; communism; cost of living; employment; farm problems; federal election; government priority; Governor General; high prices; horsemeat; immigration; international trade; likelihood of war; pension; phone ownership; provincial election; political parties; savings; sleep patterns; social security; taxation; union membership; and voting behaviour. Basic demographics variables are also included. 214 - October This Gallup poll aims to collect Canadians' political views, and opinions on a variety of current events. Some of the issues explored in this poll include the Royal visit, opinions of marriage, and attitudes towards prices and inflation. Topics of interest include: car ownership; federal election; Germany; inflation; Korean war; marriage benefits; Ontario election; phone ownership; political parties; price predictions; Royal visit; Russia; smoking habits; soldiers; union membership; and voting behaviour. Basic demographics variables are also included. The codebook for this dataset is available through the UBC Library catalogue, with call number HN110.Z9 P84.

The nation's economy was the topic of this poll. Respondents were asked if they thought the economy was getting better or worse, whether they thought they would be better off financially one year from now, if they planned to spend more or less money than last year at Christmas, and whether stock market prices affected them personally. Additional questions related to the impact and causes of the recent fall in stock prices, the federal budget deficit, and the ways in which the Congress and Ronald Reagan were and should be working to reduce it. Demographic data on respondents are included.

A survey conducted in July 2025 found that the most important issue for ***percent of Americans was inflation and prices. A further ***percent of respondents were most concerned about jobs and the economy.

This dataset covers ballots 255-60, and 262-63, spanning January, March, May, July, September-October, and December 1957. The dataset contains the data resulting from these polls in ASCII. The ballots are as follows: 255 - January This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians mainly on current events and news issues. Some of this poll's question were also intended to ascertain respondents' political opinions. Respondents were asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, demographic and social variables as well. Topics of interest include: alcohol consumption; beer sales in grocery stores; beverage consumption; Canadian Arts Council; car ownership; federal election; government funding for art; immigration policy; interesting things done by people; New Years resolutions; the most important world event; preferred political parties; predictions for 1957; prohibition of alcohol; railway workers strike; public utilities strike; television ownership; temperament; union membership; voting behaviour; and winter vacations. Basic demographics variables are also included. 256 - March This Gallup poll seeks to obtain the views of Canadians on current issues of national importance. Included are questions on labour unions, religion, and activities people do and feel should be allowed on Sundays. Respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, demographic, and social variables. Topics of interest include: belief in the New Testament; car ownership; the federal election; the ideal number of children; labour union criticisms; whether newspapers should be allowed on Sunday; old age pension amounts; whether organized sports should be allowed on Sunday; preferred political parties; physical exam requirements to be able to drive a vehicle; religious influence; Sunday activities; whether theatres should be allowed to be open on Sunday; union membership; the influence of the United Nations, and voting behaviour. Basic demographics variables are also included. 257 - May This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians on issues of importance to the government and to the country. Included are questions regarding voting patterns and elections, America's influence over Canada, and travelling habits of Canadians. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, demographic and social variables. Topics of interest include: the 35 hour work week; America's influence over Canada; the church's refusal to wed divorcees; the cost of taking a trip; the federal election; foreign policy; preferred political parties; the purpose of taking a trip; tax cuts; union membership; transportation used to take a trip; and voting behaviour. Basic demographics variables are also included. 258 - May This Gallup poll aims to collect the opinions of Canadians on issues of importance to the country and to the government. This survey focuses on mostly political topics, such as elections and voting, and the influence of the United States over Canada. Respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, demographic, and social variables. Topics of interest include: American investment in Canada, the American lifestyle; Canada's dependence on the United States, the federal election; financial dependence on the United States; government policy; how hard people work; religious services; Sunday school; union membership; and voting behaviour. Basic demographics variables are also included. 259 - July This Gallup poll seeks to collect the opinions of Canadians. The majority of questions either deal directly with politics or the Federal election that was held in the month before this poll. Questions also inquire about voting patterns and issues that affect how respondents vote. Respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, demographic, and social variables. Topics of interest include: whether respondents have been in a small boat recently; car ownership; Dr. Salk's polio vaccination; government priorities; John Diefenbaker; Louis St. Laurent; preferred political party; predictions and opinions for the next federal election; Progressive Conservative party; the Queen's visit to Ottawa; reactions to the federal election results; smoking habits and quitting; swimming ability; union membership; voting behaviour; and why the Conservatives won the federal election. Basic demographics variables are also included. 260 - September: first sample with 1223 respondents This Gallup poll is interested in collecting Canadians' opinions. The predominant subject of the survey questions is politics, including everything from the Queen to nuclear weapons testing and fallout. There were also questions asked to help group the respondents according to geographic, demographic, and social variables. Topics of interest include: A-bomb testing; American television programs; awareness of cabinet ministers; the British Commonwealth as a trading partner; Canadian television programmes; car ownership; federal elections; Governor General preference; H-bomb testing; inflation and high prices; job-type preference; John Diefenbaker's performance as Prime Minister; Louis St. Laurent's successor; nuclear weapons and fallout; performance of the advisors to the Queen; Russia's foreign policy objectives; speeches given by the Queen; television ownership; union membership; the United States as a trading partner; and voting behaviours. Basic demographics variables are also included. 260-c2 - September: same as above; second sample with 952 respondents 262 - October This Gallup poll seeks to collect the opinions of Canadians on important political issues, both in Canada and abroad. The major political issues discussed within Canada include prices, defence and unemployment, although lighter issues such as advertising and how spare time is spent are also discussed. Respondents were also asked questions so that they could be classified according to geographic, demographic and social variables. Basic demographics variables are also included. 263 - December This Gallup poll seeks to collect the opinions of Canadians on important political issues, both in Canada and abroad. The major political issues discussed within Canada include prices, defence and unemployment, although lighter issues such as advertising and how spare time is spent are also discussed. Respondents were also asked questions so that they could be classified according to geographic, demographic and social variables. The topics of interest include: whether advertisements are believable or not; the Arab Israeli conflict in Palestine; car ownership; the Conservative party; defense policy; the federal election; government control of schools; how spare time is spent; John Diefenbaker's performance as Prime Minister; the number of jobs held by respondents; preferred political parties; price trends; Unemployment rates; union membership; and voting behaviour. Basic demographics variables are also included. The codebook for this dataset is available through the UBC Library catalogue, with call number HN110.Z9 P84.

In 2021, almost half of surveyed Hungarians stated that if fuel cost 450 forint per liter they would drive considerably less. However, 16 percent of respondents would pay any price for fuel.

JP: Land Price Survey: Average Land Price: Industrial: Fukuoka data was reported at 27,000.000 JPY/sq m in 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 26,100.000 JPY/sq m for 2017. JP: Land Price Survey: Average Land Price: Industrial: Fukuoka data is updated yearly, averaging 25,000.000 JPY/sq m from Jun 1996 (Median) to 2018, with 23 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 31,200.000 JPY/sq m in 1999 and a record low of 17,600.000 JPY/sq m in 2012. JP: Land Price Survey: Average Land Price: Industrial: Fukuoka data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.P004: Land Price: By Region.

This Gallup Poll aims primarily to seek the political opinions of Canadians. The majority of questions concern either politicians or policy, both in Canada and/or abroad. Respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, demographic, and social variables. Topics of interest include: the airforce's manpower; American foreign policy; the army's manpower; British foreign policy; Canadian premiers; car ownership; careers to bring fame; church attendance patterns; Conservative party leader; economic depression predicions; the federal election; the next Governor General; income tax authorities; the main role of labour unions; the navy's manpower; preferred political parties; price changes; politicians; the quality of the past year for farmers; union membership; and voting behaviours. Basic demographics variables have also been included.

Market researchers investigate clients' target markets' behaviour, values and opinions, providing insights that allow them to tailor their products, services and marketing. Researchers rely on high European research and development expenditure to fuel demand for market research. Increased digitalisation has opened new doors for market research providers while intensifying competition. Artificial intelligence is increasingly important in analysing, identifying and generating research insights from social media posts using a flood of data. Meanwhile, digital surveys have allowed research companies to expand their outreach, save resources and costs and often attain more accurate and comprehensive insights for clients. Over the five years through 2024, industry revenue is expected to contract at a compound annual rate of 3.6% to €27.2 billion. The COVID-19 outbreak and ensuring low business sentiment took a toll on market research budgets. A sharp contraction in business sentiment squeezed corporate profit, discouraging companies from investing in research and development activities and negatively affecting professional research providers in 2022. A greater availability of data and alternative research methods means that researchers are competing more and more with in-house research departments. In 2024, industry revenue is expected to drop by 3.1% as consumers lower their private consumption expenditure, reducing consumer research activity. Over the five years through 2029, industry revenue is forecast to climb at a compound annual rate of 2.9% to reach €31.4 billion. Over the coming years, market research companies will face higher external competition from technology specialists leveraging insights internally, constraining revenue growth. Nonetheless, researchers will benefit from increasing online advertising activity. Those incorporating advanced data analytics systems and digital market research technology will remain competitive and benefit from greater digitalisation. Smart mobile surveys will also become an invaluable tool for consumer research companies.

This is a statistic that measures the price fluctuations of goods and services supplied by domestic producers to the domestic market. It is used as an indicator of economic trends and as a GDP deflator.

Typically, commercial fishing businesses incur three major types of costs: fixed or annual costs; which are incurred annually irrespective of whether any fishing activity takes place; variable costs, which are associated with fishing effort (fishing trips); and labor costs for crew, including hired captains. The Northeast Fisheries Science Center collects the variable costs associated with fish...

This dataset contains weekly retail prices of three grades of gasoline, diesel, auto propane and compressed natural gas in 10 Ontario markets. Prices are in cents per litre (with compressed natural gas prices in cents per gasoline-equivalent litres). To view charts and current fuel price data you can also visit the motor fuel prices page. This data is related to: * Motor fuel prices * Law: Fuel Tax Act Related data: * Fuel and gasoline tax registrant list

This Gallup poll intends to collect the opinions of Canadians. The main theme of the survey questions is politics, with most questions relating either to political parties or leaders, or issues that are of importance to the government and Canadians in general. Respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, demographic, and social variables. Topics of interest include: civil service strikes; compulsory Medicare; Diefenbaker's performance as leader of the opposition; federal elections; immigration of skilled workers to Canada; whether inflation is dangerous or not; if the Liberal party is favouring a certain group; whether a minority government is good for the nation; attitudes towards mothers in law; Pearson's performance as Prime Minister; preferred political parties; price and wage freezes; opinions of school officials hitting pupils; union membership; the United Nations' problems with Peacekeeping; and voting behaviour. Basic demographics variables are also included.

This dataset covers ballots 396-407 spanning January-December 1977. The dataset contains the data resulting from these polls in ASCII. The ballots are as follows: 396 - January This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on both political and social issues. The questions ask opinions about the Federal budget and other important political issues within the country. There are also questions on other topics of interest and importance to the country and government, such as who should pay for child care; pollution and inflation. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical and social variables. Topics of interest include: a balanced Federal budget; changing the standard of living; the dangers of pollution; giving workers the right to strike; whether or not the government should pay for child care; the government's handing of the economy; the growing Separatist movement; interest in politics; the opinions about Rene Levesque; pollution in the community; the seriousness of pollution; and the success of fighting inflation. Basic demographic variables are also included. 397 - February This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on both political and social issues. Topics of interest include: whether the U.S. and Canada have succeeded in clearing the Great Lakes of pollution; political refugee centres; relaxing requirements for the entry of political refugees; gun permits; community council spending; the political engagement of unions; Trudeau or Clark for prime minister; secession of Quebec; sharing of power between the federal government and the provinces; and voting behavior. Basic demographic variables are also included. 398 - March This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on both political and social issues. The questions ask opinions about political issues within the country. There are also questions on other topics of interest and importance to the country and government, such as inflation; rising prices and whether or not there should be smoking in restaurants. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical and social variables. Topics of interest include: the government's anti-inflation program; increasing racial intolerance; knowing the horoscope signs; the minimum amount of income a family needs; problems facing Canada; reading astrology columns; reasons for increasing racial intolerance; rising prices; smoking in restaurants; the successfulness of family life; taxing church property; and the treatment of criminals by the courts. Basic demographic variables are also included. 399 - April This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on both political and social issues. The questions ask opinions about the Federal budget and other political issues within the country. There are also questions on other topics of interest and importance to the country and government, such as the effect of T.V violence; divorce and business conditions. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical variables. Topics of interest include: the business conditions in the community; continuing anti-inflation controls; dividing assets equally in a divorce; the effects of the Federal budget on family finances; the effect of T.V. on children's aggression levels; favouring Quebec Separation; how interesting a respondents job is; making marijuana illegal; and whether or not wages are rising as the standard of living does. Basic demographic variables are also included. 400 - May This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on various political issues. The questions ask opinions about political leaders and other political issues within the country. There are also questions on other topics of interest and importance to the country and government, such as the impact of organized religion; homosexual rights and the Queen's visit. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical and social variables. Topics of interest include: attending church; deposits on drinking bottles/cans; the difficulty of filling out tax returns; Ed Broadbent's impact on the NDP; improving English-French relations; handling unemployment; the impact of organized religion on life; Joe Clark's impact on the PC party; learning French in schools; opinions about Trudeau as a member of the Liberal party; protecting homosexual rights; the possibility of the Queen extending her visit; and vacation plans. Basic demographic variables are also included. 401 - June This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on various political and other current issues. Topics of interest include: opinion of the federal government and their handling of price and wage control, national unity, pensions, cost of living; onion of the Prime Minister; whether prices or income will rise more; food spending; human rights, i.e. freedom of speech and religion, freedom from fear or want; political leanings, the best and worst thing about living in Canada; union membership; the most important problem facing the country; the development of a Mackenzie Valley gas pipeline; increase in oil prices; increasing gas shipments to the U.S.; and voting behavior. Basic demographic variables are also included. 402 - July This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on both political and social issues. The questions ask opinions the possibility of Quebec separation, as well as other important political issues within the country. There are also questions on other topics of interest and importance to the country and government, such as the effects of smoking, inflation and whether or not to give work to strangers. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical and social variables. Topics of interest include: Canadians buying control of U.S. firms; confidence in United States problem solving; controlling price and income; the effects of smoking on health; giving provinces more power; giving Quebec more power; giving work to strangers; inflation caused by not having wage controls; opinions about capital punishment; plans to quit smoking; the preferred anti-inflation policy; smoking in the last week; supporting Quebec separation; unemployment caused by not having wage controls; and U.S. investments in Canada. Basic demographic variables are also included. 403 - August This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on both political and social issues. The questions ask opinions about the federal governments rights with information, unions, elections, government employees and homosexuals. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical variables. Topics of interest include: crime; extramarital sex; homosexual relations; ideal number of children in families; metric system; faith healing; family; unions; government influence on Canadians lives; elections; government employees versus private sector employees. Basic demographic variables are also included. 404 - September This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on mostly social issues. The questions ask opinions about the declining Canadian dollar and the issue of striking within the country. There are also questions on other topics of interest such as the economic conditions, changes in peace of mind and the influence on religion on every day life. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic and political variables. Topics of interest include: the biggest threat to Canada; the causes of the declining Canadian dollar; changes in peace of mind; the degree of difficulty with metric conversions; economic conditions; the effect of the declining Canadian dollar; energy situations in the future; essential workers striking; giving workers the right to strike; improving happiness; improving honesty; improving morals; the influence of religion on life; and the value of services provided. Basic demographic variables are also included. 405 - October This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on both political and social issues. The questions ask opinions about the upcoming election and other political issues within the country. There are also questions on other topics of interest and importance to the country and government, such as self-protective laws, unemployment levels and nuclear power stations. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical variables. Topics of interest include: the amount of unemployment benefits; banning public opinion polls before elections; biased news reporting; the big issues in the next election; Canada becoming a Republic; causes of unemployment; common worries; the government guaranteeing jobs; high school emphasis on basic subjects; increasing nuclear generation; job security; making binding arbitration mandatory; the most accurate media new report; opening a nuclear power station in the community; opinions of self-protective laws; predicted unemployment levels; and the right to French or English education. Basic demographic variables are also included. 406 - November This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on predominantly political issues. The questions ask opinions about political leaders and other important political issues within the country. There are also questions on other topics of interest and importance to the country and government, such as airline boycotts; national unity and reasons for inflation. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic and social variables. Topics of interest include: the airline boycott of certain countries; the approval of compulsory retirement; approval of Ed Broadbent as the N.D.P. leader; the approval of Joe Clark as the leader of the Opposition; the approval of Trudeau as Prime Minister; Bill 101