The article examines causal relationships between sovereign credit default swaps (CDS) prices for the BRICS and most important EU economies (Germany, France, the UK, Italy, Spain) during the European debt crisis. The cross-correlation function (CCF) approach used in the research distinguishes between causality-in-mean and causality-in-variance. In both causality dimensions, the BRICS CDS prices tend to Granger cause those of the EU counterparts with the exception of Germany. Italy and Spain exhibit the highest dependence on the BRICS, whereas only India has a negative balance of outgoing and incoming causal linkages among the BRICS. Thus, the paper underscores the signs of decoupling effects in the sovereign CDS market and also supports the view that the European debt crisis has so far had a limited non-EU impact in this market.

Credit Default Swap Excel Pricing Workbook with Market Data

International Indicators: Malaysia 5-Year Credit Default Swap (CDS) data was reported at 46.575 Basis Point in Feb 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 46.706 Basis Point for Jan 2025. International Indicators: Malaysia 5-Year Credit Default Swap (CDS) data is updated monthly, averaging 72.975 Basis Point from Jan 2012 (Median) to Feb 2025, with 156 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 238.823 Basis Point in Sep 2015 and a record low of 34.758 Basis Point in Dec 2019. International Indicators: Malaysia 5-Year Credit Default Swap (CDS) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank Indonesia. The data is categorized under Indonesia Premium Database’s Monetary – Table ID.KAI002: Financial System Statistics: Macroeconomic Indicator.

Skapiec.pl is one of Poland's first price comparison engine, created in October 2004. The website allows Internet users to compare item prices and other purchase-related conditions, such as delivery costs. In the pop category for October 2024, "Jedno masz serce" was the most popular product in the comparison shopping engine. According to Skapiec.pl, the product could be purchased for ***** zloty at its lowest price.

Strip bond prices used to calibrate the CIR model for the interest rate

This dataset tracks annual reduced-price lunch eligibility from 2007 to 2022 for Cds Secondary vs. California and Los Angeles Unified School District

United States - Producer Price Index by Commodity for Miscellaneous Products: Audio Discs, Full-Length (Including CDs and Vinyl Records) was 104.80000 Index Dec 2010=100 in January of 2019, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Producer Price Index by Commodity for Miscellaneous Products: Audio Discs, Full-Length (Including CDs and Vinyl Records) reached a record high of 106.40000 in March of 2014 and a record low of 99.20000 in July of 2011. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Producer Price Index by Commodity for Miscellaneous Products: Audio Discs, Full-Length (Including CDs and Vinyl Records) - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on August of 2025.

Skapiec.pl is one of Poland's first price comparison engine, created in October 2004. The website allows Internet users to compare item prices and other purchase-related conditions, such as delivery costs. In the rap and hip-hop category for October 2024, "Channel Orange" by Frank Ocean was the most popular CD in the comparison shopping engine. According to Skapiec.pl, the CD could be purchased for 35.99 zloty at its lowest price.

This dataset tracks annual reduced-price lunch eligibility from 2022 to 2023 for Cds Home Street vs. California and Bishop Unified School District

This dataset tracks annual reduced-price lunch eligibility from 2013 to 2023 for Cds Bishop High School vs. California and Bishop Unified School District

Lucror Analytics: Proprietary Company Financial Data for Credit Quality & Bond Valuation

At Lucror Analytics, we provide cutting-edge corporate data solutions tailored to fixed income professionals and organizations in the financial sector. Our datasets encompass issuer and issue-level credit quality, bond fair value metrics, and proprietary scores designed to offer nuanced, actionable insights into global bond markets that help you stay ahead of the curve. Covering over 3,300 global issuers and over 80,000 bonds, we empower our clients to make data-driven decisions with confidence and precision.

By leveraging our proprietary C-Score, V-Score , and V-Score I models, which utilize CDS and OAS data, we provide unparalleled granularity in credit analysis and valuation. Whether you are a portfolio manager, credit analyst, or institutional investor, Lucror’s data solutions deliver actionable insights to enhance strategies, identify mispricing opportunities, and assess market trends.

What Makes Lucror’s Company Financial Data Unique?

Proprietary Credit and Valuation Models Our proprietary C-Score, V-Score, and V-Score I are designed to provide a deeper understanding of credit quality and bond valuation:

C-Score: A composite score (0-100) reflecting an issuer's credit quality based on market pricing signals such as CDS spreads. Responsive to near-real-time market changes, the C-Score offers granular differentiation within and across credit rating categories, helping investors identify mispricing opportunities.

V-Score: Measures the deviation of an issue’s option-adjusted spread (OAS) from the market fair value, indicating whether a bond is overvalued or undervalued relative to the market.

V-Score I: Similar to the V-Score but benchmarked against industry-specific fair value OAS, offering insights into relative valuation within an industry context.

Comprehensive Global Coverage Our datasets cover over 3,300 issuers and 80,000 bonds across global markets, ensuring 90%+ overlap with prominent IG and HY benchmark indices. This extensive coverage provides valuable insights into issuers across sectors and geographies, enabling users to analyze issuer and market dynamics comprehensively.

Data Customization and Flexibility We recognize that different users have unique requirements. Lucror Analytics offers tailored datasets delivered in customizable formats, frequencies, and levels of granularity, ensuring that our data integrates seamlessly into your workflows.

High-Frequency, High-Quality Data Our C-Score, V-Score, and V-Score I models and metrics are updated daily using end-of-day (EOD) data from S&P. This ensures that users have access to current and accurate information, empowering timely and informed decision-making.

How Is the Company Financial Data Sourced? Lucror Analytics employs a rigorous methodology to source, structure, transform and process data, ensuring reliability and actionable insights:

Proprietary Models: Our scores are derived from proprietary quant algorithms based on CDS spreads, OAS, and other issuer and bond data.

Global Data Partnerships: Our collaborations with S&P and other reputable data providers ensure comprehensive and accurate datasets.

Data Cleaning and Structuring: Advanced processes ensure data integrity, transforming raw inputs into actionable insights.

Primary Use Cases

1. Portfolio Construction & Rebalancing Lucror’s C-Score provides a granular view of issuer credit quality, allowing portfolio managers to evaluate risks and identify mispricing opportunities. With CDS-driven insights and daily updates, clients can incorporate near-real-time issuer/bond movements into their credit assessments.

2. Portfolio Optimization The V-Score and V-Score I allow portfolio managers to identify undervalued or overvalued bonds, supporting strategies that optimize returns relative to credit risk. By benchmarking valuations against market and industry standards, users can uncover potential mean-reversion opportunities and enhance portfolio performance.

3. Risk Management With data updated daily, Lucror’s models provide dynamic insights into market risks. Organizations can use this data to monitor shifts in credit quality, assess valuation anomalies, and adjust exposure proactively.

4. Strategic Decision-Making Our comprehensive datasets enable financial institutions to make informed strategic decisions. Whether it’s assessing the fair value of bonds, analyzing industry-specific credit spreads, or understanding broader market trends, Lucror’s data delivers the depth and accuracy required for success.

Why Choose Lucror Analytics? Lucror Analytics is committed to providing high-quality, actionable data solutions tailored to the evolving needs of the financial sector. Our unique combination of proprietary models, rigorous sourcing of high-quality data, and customizable delivery ensures that users have the insights they need to make sm...

United Kingdom Retail Price Index: Weights: LG: CDs and Tapes data was reported at 2.000 Per 1000 in 2018. This stayed constant from the previous number of 2.000 Per 1000 for 2017. United Kingdom Retail Price Index: Weights: LG: CDs and Tapes data is updated yearly, averaging 5.000 Per 1000 from Dec 1987 (Median) to 2018, with 32 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 10.000 Per 1000 in 2003 and a record low of 2.000 Per 1000 in 2018. United Kingdom Retail Price Index: Weights: LG: CDs and Tapes data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office for National Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s UK – Table UK.I012: Retail Price Index: Weights.

A study from 2025 on the prices paid for albums in the United Kingdom (UK) found that in 2024, the average album price across the market reached ***** British pounds, up from ***** British pounds the previous year—an increase of around *** percent. Average prices were highest for specialists and independent retailers at ***** British pounds, followed by home delivery at ***** British pounds.

Mexico Consumer Price Index (CPI): Food: Meat: CDS: Ham data was reported at 154.983 Jun2002=100 in Dec 2010. This records an increase from the previous number of 154.710 Jun2002=100 for Nov 2010. Mexico Consumer Price Index (CPI): Food: Meat: CDS: Ham data is updated monthly, averaging 35.223 Jun2002=100 from Jan 1973 (Median) to Dec 2010, with 456 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 154.983 Jun2002=100 in Dec 2010 and a record low of 0.063 Jun2002=100 in Jan 1973. Mexico Consumer Price Index (CPI): Food: Meat: CDS: Ham data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of Mexico. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Mexico – Table MX.I005: Consumer Price Index: 2002=100.

Skapiec.pl is one of Poland's first price comparison engine, created in October 2004. The website allows Internet users to compare item prices and other purchase-related conditions, such as delivery costs. In the rock category for October 2024, the "Parachutes" CD by Coldplay was the most popular product in the comparison shopping engine. According to Skapiec.pl, the product could be purchased for 29.99 zloty at its lowest price.

Between April 2021 and April 2025, the share price of Polish video game manufacturer CD Projekt fluctuated. The share price reached its high in April 2025 with more than *** zloty per stock.

Mexico Consumer Price Index (CPI): Food: Meat: CDS: Sausage data was reported at 169.405 Jun2002=100 in Dec 2010. This records an increase from the previous number of 168.417 Jun2002=100 for Nov 2010. Mexico Consumer Price Index (CPI): Food: Meat: CDS: Sausage data is updated monthly, averaging 42.430 Jun2002=100 from Jan 1980 (Median) to Dec 2010, with 372 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 169.405 Jun2002=100 in Dec 2010 and a record low of 0.177 Jun2002=100 in Jan 1980. Mexico Consumer Price Index (CPI): Food: Meat: CDS: Sausage data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of Mexico. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Mexico – Table MX.I005: Consumer Price Index: 2002=100.

Graph and download economic data for Producer Price Index by Commodity for Miscellaneous Products: Audio Discs, Full-Length (Including CDs and Vinyl Records) (WPU159C01011) from Dec 2010 to Jan 2019 about recording, miscellaneous, commodities, PPI, inflation, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

The global desktop CD player market, valued at $646 million in 2025, is projected to experience steady growth, driven by a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 5.6% from 2025 to 2033. This sustained growth, despite the digital music revolution, can be attributed to several factors. Nostalgia plays a significant role, with audiophiles and collectors appreciating the warm, analog sound quality of CDs, often considered superior to compressed digital formats. Furthermore, a resurgence of interest in physical media, coupled with the improved sound quality offered by high-end desktop CD players with advanced DACs (Digital-to-Analog Converters) and upscaling capabilities, is fueling market expansion. The market is segmented by features such as DAC quality, connectivity options (USB, optical), and price points, catering to a range of consumer preferences. Key players like Philips, Yamaha, Marantz, Sony, and Harman International are actively engaged in product innovation, releasing models with enhanced audio fidelity and design aesthetics to appeal to discerning consumers. The market is also witnessing the emergence of niche players offering specialized features such as support for high-resolution audio formats. The market's growth is not without challenges. The continuing dominance of streaming services and digital downloads presents a significant headwind. However, the market's resilience suggests a niche segment of dedicated consumers will continue to demand high-quality audio experiences. Geographic distribution is likely concentrated in developed economies with higher disposable incomes and a stronger appreciation for audiophile-grade equipment. Future market growth will depend on continued product innovation focusing on enhanced audio quality, user-friendly interfaces, and attractive pricing strategies to attract new customers and retain existing ones. The incorporation of smart features, such as seamless integration with smart home ecosystems, could also further drive adoption.

Mexico Consumer Price Index (CPI): Food: Meat: Cold Cuts, & Dried Sausages (CDS) data was reported at 163.387 Jun2002=100 in Dec 2010. This records an increase from the previous number of 162.819 Jun2002=100 for Nov 2010. Mexico Consumer Price Index (CPI): Food: Meat: Cold Cuts, & Dried Sausages (CDS) data is updated monthly, averaging 46.246 Jun2002=100 from Jan 1980 (Median) to Dec 2010, with 372 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 163.387 Jun2002=100 in Dec 2010 and a record low of 0.187 Jun2002=100 in Jan 1980. Mexico Consumer Price Index (CPI): Food: Meat: Cold Cuts, & Dried Sausages (CDS) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of Mexico. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Mexico – Table MX.I005: Consumer Price Index: 2002=100.