The article examines causal relationships between sovereign credit default swaps (CDS) prices for the BRICS and most important EU economies (Germany, France, the UK, Italy, Spain) during the European debt crisis. The cross-correlation function (CCF) approach used in the research distinguishes between causality-in-mean and causality-in-variance. In both causality dimensions, the BRICS CDS prices tend to Granger cause those of the EU counterparts with the exception of Germany. Italy and Spain exhibit the highest dependence on the BRICS, whereas only India has a negative balance of outgoing and incoming causal linkages among the BRICS. Thus, the paper underscores the signs of decoupling effects in the sovereign CDS market and also supports the view that the European debt crisis has so far had a limited non-EU impact in this market.

Credit Default Swap Excel Pricing Workbook with Market Data

Certificate of Deposit Market Outlook

The global certificate of deposit (CD) market size was valued at approximately USD 1 trillion in 2023, and it is projected to reach nearly USD 1.5 trillion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of around 4.5%. This growth is primarily driven by the increasing preference for safe and secure investment options amidst global economic uncertainties. Factors such as technological advancements in banking, fluctuating interest rates, and evolving consumer preferences are expected to further fuel the expansion of the CD market. As investors seek to balance risk and return, the certificate of deposit market is poised for significant growth over the next decade.

A major growth factor in the certificate of deposit market is the heightened demand for low-risk investment products, especially in volatile economic climates. As global markets experience fluctuations due to geopolitical tensions and unpredictable economic policies, investors are increasingly turning to CDs as a stable and predictable source of income. The fixed interest rates and government insurance associated with CDs make them an attractive option for risk-averse investors. Additionally, the increasing financial literacy among the population is leading to greater awareness of CDs as an investment tool, further driving market growth.

The digital transformation of banking services has also had a profound impact on the certificate of deposit market. Online banks and financial institutions are now offering more competitive rates and greater accessibility to CD products, thereby expanding their customer base. This digital shift has not only increased the convenience for consumers but also allowed institutions to reduce operational costs, enabling them to offer more attractive rates. Furthermore, the proliferation of fintech platforms has facilitated easier comparison of CD rates and terms, empowering consumers to make more informed investment decisions, which ultimately supports market growth.

Interest rates, which are a critical determinant of the attractiveness of CDs, have become progressively volatile, largely influencing the dynamics of the CD market. Central banks across the globe are adjusting rates in response to inflationary pressures and economic recovery efforts post-pandemic. While higher interest rates may enhance the appeal of CDs by offering better returns, they also make other investment avenues more attractive. Consequently, financial institutions are developing innovative CD products with features such as bump-up rates or liquidity options to maintain competitiveness. As interest rate environments evolve, so too will the strategies employed by both issuers and investors within the CD market.

Regionally, North America holds a significant share of the certificate of deposit market, driven by a mature banking sector and a high level of investor awareness. Europe follows closely, with its robust regulatory framework and stable economic environment contributing to sustained interest in CDs. Meanwhile, the Asia Pacific region is expected to exhibit the fastest growth rate, attributed to rapid economic development and increasing individual wealth in countries such as China and India. The Latin America and Middle East & Africa regions are also anticipated to see moderate growth, spurred by improving financial infrastructure and increasing investor education initiatives. Overall, the global CD market is poised for steady expansion, with varying growth trajectories across different regions.

Type Analysis

The certificate of deposit market is diverse, encompassing several types of CDs, each catering to different investor needs and preferences. Traditional CDs remain the most prevalent, offering fixed interest rates over specified terms. Their appeal lies in their simplicity and the assurance of a guaranteed return, which continues to attract conservative investors. The demand for traditional CDs is particularly strong among retirees and individuals seeking stable income sources. Despite the emergence of more flexible CD options, traditional CDs maintain their dominance due to the predictability and security they offer in uncertain financial climates.

Bump-Up CDs have gained traction as investors seek products that allow for interest rate adjustments during the term. This type of CD offers the potential for higher returns if market rates increase, providing a hedge against rising interest environments. The flexibility of bump-up CDs makes them attractive to investors who wish to capitalize on upward trends without abandoning the security of a CD. Howe

Skapiec.pl is one of Poland's first price comparison engine, created in October 2004. The website allows Internet users to compare item prices and other purchase-related conditions, such as delivery costs. In the pop category for October 2024, "Jedno masz serce" was the most popular product in the comparison shopping engine. According to Skapiec.pl, the product could be purchased for ***** zloty at its lowest price.

International Indicators: Malaysia 5-Year Credit Default Swap (CDS) data was reported at 46.575 Basis Point in Feb 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 46.706 Basis Point for Jan 2025. International Indicators: Malaysia 5-Year Credit Default Swap (CDS) data is updated monthly, averaging 72.975 Basis Point from Jan 2012 (Median) to Feb 2025, with 156 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 238.823 Basis Point in Sep 2015 and a record low of 34.758 Basis Point in Dec 2019. International Indicators: Malaysia 5-Year Credit Default Swap (CDS) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank Indonesia. The data is categorized under Indonesia Premium Database’s Monetary – Table ID.KAI002: Financial System Statistics: Macroeconomic Indicator.

Skapiec.pl is one of Poland's first price comparison engine, created in October 2004. The website allows Internet users to compare item prices and other purchase-related conditions, such as delivery costs. In the rap and hip-hop category for October 2024, "Channel Orange" by Frank Ocean was the most popular CD in the comparison shopping engine. According to Skapiec.pl, the CD could be purchased for 35.99 zloty at its lowest price.

Graph and download economic data for Interest Rates: 3-Month or 90-Day Rates and Yields: Certificates of Deposit: Total for United States (IR3TCD01USA156N) from 1965 to 2023 about CD, 3-month, yield, interest rate, interest, rate, and USA.

According to Cognitive Market Research, the global Certificate of Deposit market size will be USD XX million in 2024. It will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.00% from 2024 to 2031.

North America held the major market share for more than 40% of the global revenue with a market size of USD XX million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.2% from 2024 to 2031.
Europe accounted for a market share of over 30% of the global revenue with a market size of USD XX million.
Asia Pacific held a market share of around 23% of the global revenue with a market size of USD XX million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10.0% from 2024 to 2031.
Latin America had a market share of more than 5% of the global revenue with a market size of USD XX million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.4% from 2024 to 2031.
Middle East and Africa had a market share of around 2% of the global revenue and was estimated at a market size of USD XX million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.7% from 2024 to 2031.
The Less than 1 year held the highest Certificate of Deposit market revenue share in 2024.

Market Dynamics of Certificate of Deposit Market

Key Drivers for Certificate of Deposit Market

Growing Demand for Early Retirement Planning to Increase the Demand Globally

The growing demand for early retirement planning is driving the Certificate of Deposit (CD) market as individuals increasingly seek secure and reliable investment options to ensure financial stability in their retirement years. CDs offer a low-risk investment with guaranteed returns, making them an attractive choice for conservative investors looking to preserve capital and generate predictable income. With an aging population and heightened awareness of the need for financial planning, more people are prioritizing investments that provide safety and stability. CDs, with their fixed interest rates and protection against market volatility, align well with the goals of early retirees who prioritize preserving their savings while earning a steady return. This trend fuels the growth of the CD market as part of comprehensive retirement strategies.

Growing Demand of Enhanced CD products to Propel Market Growth

The growing demand for enhanced Certificate of Deposit (CD) products is driving the market due to their ability to offer higher returns and additional features compared to traditional CDs. Enhanced CDs, such as those with variable interest rates, callable options, or market-linked returns, attract investors seeking better yields while still enjoying the security and low risk associated with CDs. These innovative products appeal to a broader range of investors, including those looking for diversified income streams and higher growth potential. Additionally, the customization and flexibility of enhanced CDs cater to the evolving preferences of investors, who are increasingly sophisticated and seeking tailored financial solutions. This trend boosts the attractiveness and market adoption of CDs, expanding their role in investment portfolios.

Restraint Factor for the Certificate of Deposit Market

Low Interest Rates to Limit the Sales

Low interest rates restrain the Certificate of Deposit (CD) market by reducing the attractiveness of these financial instruments to investors seeking higher returns. When interest rates are low, the yields on CDs decrease, making them less appealing compared to other investment options such as stocks, bonds, or mutual funds, which may offer higher potential returns. This diminished appeal leads to reduced demand for CDs among both retail and institutional investors. Additionally, low interest rates can prompt banks and financial institutions to offer fewer incentives or promotional rates for CDs, further dampening market growth. The overall impact is a slowdown in the market's expansion, as investors seek alternative investments that promise better returns in a low-interest-rate environment.

Impact of Covid-19 on the Certificate of Deposit Market

The COVID-19 pandemic had a mixed impact on the Certificate of Deposit (CD) market. On one hand, economic uncertainty and market volatility drove many investors towards safer, more stable investment options like CDs. This increased demand for secure, low-risk instruments as people sought to protect their capital. On the ot...

Strip bond prices used to calibrate the CIR model for the interest rate

Graph and download economic data for Average Rate on 1-Month Negotiable Certificates of Deposit (Secondary Market), Quoted on an Investment Basis (DISCONTINUED) (CD1M) from Dec 1965 to Jun 2013 about CD, secondary market, 1-month, interest rate, interest, rate, and USA.

United States - Producer Price Index by Commodity for Miscellaneous Products: Audio Discs, Full-Length (Including CDs and Vinyl Records) was 104.80000 Index Dec 2010=100 in January of 2019, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Producer Price Index by Commodity for Miscellaneous Products: Audio Discs, Full-Length (Including CDs and Vinyl Records) reached a record high of 106.40000 in March of 2014 and a record low of 99.20000 in July of 2011. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Producer Price Index by Commodity for Miscellaneous Products: Audio Discs, Full-Length (Including CDs and Vinyl Records) - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on July of 2025.

This dataset tracks annual reduced-price lunch eligibility from 2007 to 2022 for Cds Secondary vs. California and Los Angeles Unified School District

Cross Domain Solutions Cds Market size was valued at USD 2.45 Billion in 2023 and is estimated to reach USD 4.5 Billion by 2031, growing at a CAGR of 7.3% from 2024 to 2031.

Global Cross Domain Solutions Cds Market Drivers

The market drivers for the Cross Domain Solutions Cds Market can be influenced by various factors. These may include:

Increasing Cybersecurity Threats: The need for safe ways to move data between various security domains is driven by worries about data breaches and cyberattacks.

Government and Defense Requirements: In order to comply with strict rules and security standards, the government and defense sectors have high expectations for secure information sharing and data protection.

Global Cross Domain Solutions Cds Market Restraints

Several factors can act as restraints or challenges for the Cross Domain Solutions Cds Market. These may include:

High Implementation Costs: Smaller firms may be discouraged by the hefty upfront costs of implementing cross-domain solutions, which might include fees for software, hardware, and integration.

Complexity of Integration: It can be difficult and time-consuming to integrate CDS with current workflows and systems, necessitating a large amount of technical know-how and resources.

Compact Disc Market Outlook

The global compact disc market size was valued at approximately USD 1.6 billion in 2023 and is forecasted to reach USD 1.2 billion by 2032, exhibiting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of -3.0% over the forecast period. This decline is primarily driven by the increasing adoption of digital formats and streaming services, which have become the preferred medium for audio and video consumption. Despite the overall downward trend, certain niche markets and segments still demonstrate potential for growth, particularly within specific regions and applications where compact discs retain a degree of relevance due to their reliability and simplicity.

The resilience of the compact disc market in certain sectors can be attributed to its enduring appeal in regions with limited internet access or technological infrastructure. In these areas, compact discs remain a vital medium for distributing music, software, and other digital content. Additionally, there is a consistent demand from audiophiles and collectors who value the physical ownership and audio quality offered by premium audio CDs, which continue to drive a small segment of the market. Educational institutions also represent a stable demand group, as many still rely on CDs for distributing educational materials, especially in areas where broadband connectivity is inconsistent.

Another growth factor for the compact disc market is the preservation and archival needs of certain industries. Many businesses and institutions continue to use CDs for data storage because of their durability and longevity, which are critical for archival purposes. Furthermore, the music industry has witnessed a resurgence of interest in physical media, including vinyl and CDs, driven by nostalgia and the tangible experience they provide. This trend is particularly evident among independent artists and smaller music labels, who often use CDs as a cost-effective method to distribute music during live events and through direct sales channels.

Additionally, the eco-friendly recycling initiatives and innovation in CD production processes have contributed to sustaining interest in compact discs. New technologies in disc manufacturing aim to reduce the environmental impact and improve the quality of CDs. These advances offer opportunities for market participants to differentiate their products and appeal to environmentally conscious consumers. Improved recycling processes also contribute to a circular economy model, which can enhance the value proposition of compact discs as a sustainable choice for consumers and businesses alike.

Product Type Analysis

Within the compact disc market, the product type segment is divided into audio CDs, data CDs, and video CDs, each serving distinct purposes. Audio CDs, despite the rise of digital music, still hold a special place for audiophiles and music enthusiasts who appreciate the high-quality sound that physical discs provide. This segment benefits from a niche yet loyal consumer base that values the album artwork, liner notes, and the tactile experience of owning a physical copy. Additionally, limited edition releases and reissues of classic albums on audio CD often drive sales within this category, as collectors seek to acquire these tangible pieces of music history.

Data CDs, on the other hand, are primarily used for data storage and transfer. While their usage has diminished with the advent of cloud storage and USB flash drives, they remain relevant in situations where internet access is limited or non-existent. Businesses and educational institutions that require secure and reliable data transfer solutions continue to rely on data CDs for distributing software, training materials, and other critical information. Moreover, the enduring reliability of CDs for long-term data storage, without the risk of data corruption associated with some digital storage solutions, keeps them in demand for archiving purposes.

Video CDs have seen a decline in popularity with the proliferation of DVDs, Blu-ray discs, and streaming services. However, in certain markets and applications, they remain in use due to their simplicity and low cost. Regions with less advanced technological infrastructure still rely on VCDs for video distribution, especially for educational and training materials. Additionally, some content creators in niche markets favor VCDs for their affordability and ease of production, which makes them accessible to a broader audience.

The overall market for compact disc products is characterized by a mix of declining demand in some areas and s

A study from 2025 on the prices paid for albums in the United Kingdom (UK) found that in 2024, the average album price across the market reached ***** British pounds, up from ***** British pounds the previous year—an increase of around *** percent. Average prices were highest for specialists and independent retailers at ***** British pounds, followed by home delivery at ***** British pounds.

Credit Default Swap Excel Pricing Workbook with Market Data

Graph and download economic data for National Rate: 12 Month CD <100M (NDR12MCD) from Apr 2021 to Jul 2025 about CD, 1-year, deposits, rate, and USA.

Taiwan CBC Securities Issued CDS: Primary Market: 2 Year data was reported at 0.605 % pa in Sep 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.613 % pa for Aug 2018. Taiwan CBC Securities Issued CDS: Primary Market: 2 Year data is updated monthly, averaging 0.790 % pa from Mar 2000 (Median) to Sep 2018, with 105 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 5.420 % pa in May 2000 and a record low of 0.405 % pa in Aug 2016. Taiwan CBC Securities Issued CDS: Primary Market: 2 Year data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bank of the Republic of China. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Taiwan – Table TW.M005: Capital Market Interest Rates.

Clinical Decision Support (CDS) Market Overview: The global CDS market is projected to reach $348.6 million by 2033, expanding at a CAGR of 12.3% from 2025 to 2033. The increasing adoption of electronic health records (EHRs) and the growing demand for improved patient safety and outcomes are driving market growth. Furthermore, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) into CDS systems is enhancing their accuracy and efficiency, further fueling market expansion. Market Segments and Drivers: The CDS market is segmented by application (order sets, clinical guidelines, drug interaction checker, and others) and type (knowledge-based, decision support engine, and analytic and communication support). Key drivers of market growth include the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases, government regulations mandating the use of CDS, and the need for healthcare providers to improve care coordination and reduce costs. Restraints to market growth include the high cost of implementation and maintenance of CDS systems, concerns about data security and privacy, and the need for provider training to effectively use CDS.