The Russian-Ukranian conflict was seen as the most important issue facing the European Union in 2025. The current international situation was seen as the second most pressing issue, ahead of security and defense.

Three years after the launch of the European Pillar of Social Rights, this Special Eurobarometer explores Europeans’ attitudes on social issues in the European Union. Especially in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, Europeans continue to legitimately hold to the promise of a high performing social market economy, with jobs that make for a secure and decent living. The survey reveals that nine in ten Europeans (88%) consider a social Europe to be important to them personally. The most pressing issues for citizens are equal opportunities and access to the labour market; fair working conditions; and access to quality health care. At the same time, 71% of the respondents say they consider a lack of social rights a serious problem, while 62% believe there will be a more social Europe in 2030. Finally, some 76% of the respondents, who have heard about the European Pillar of Social Rights, acknowledge that its success will depend on Member States’ actions to turn social rights into a reality. This Special Eurobarometer was carried out in the 27 Member States from 20 November to 21 December 2020, with the participation of 27,213 EU citizens.

The results by volumes are distributed as follows:

• Volume A: Countries
• Volume AA: Groups of countries
• Volume A' (AP): Trends
• Volume AA' (AAP): Trends of groups of countries
• Volume B: EU/socio-demographics
• Volume B' (BP) : Trends of EU/ socio-demographics
• Volume C: Country/socio-demographics ---- Researchers may also contact GESIS - Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences: https://www.gesis.org/eurobarometer

As of 2023, finding employees with the right skills is the largest problem faced by European businesses of all enterprise sizes. Large business find skills shortages to be a larger problem than SMEs, with ** percent of large business citing it as one of their three most pressing problems, with only ** percent of micro-businesses saying so. On the other hand, SMEs are much more likely to cite regulatory obstacles, limited access to finance, and unfair competition as being more important issues for them than for large businesses.

The main survey focus of this Eurobarometer is:

1. General satisfaction,

2. Attitude to family policy,

3. European domestic market and attitude to the EC,

4. Europe and the democratization of the East

5. Attitude to European institutions and the Western security alliance,

6. Attitude to the UN,

7. Questions on health and health policy,

8. Attitude to the drug problem,

9. Attitude to the use of alcohol and questions on the problem of alcoholism,

10. Organ transplantation,

11. Attitude to immunization,

12. Cancer and AIDS,

13. Political self-classification,

14. Supplemental questions on the topic of health posed to respondents between the ages of 15 to 24 years.

Topics: 1. General satisfaction: nationality and eligibility to vote at place of residence; prospect for the future for the next year; contentment with life; satisfaction with democracy; personal opinion leadership and frequency of political discussions; postmaterialism index; attitude to revolutionary social reforms.

1. Attitude to family policy: ideal number of children; most important social factors influencing number of children; preferred measures of a sensible family policy; most important tasks of family in society.

2. European domestic market and attitude to the EC: attitude to unification of Western Europe; attitude to EC membership of one´s country; advantages or disadvantage from EC membership; regret of a failure of the EC; perceived conflict between European and national identity; assessment of the effects of the European domestic market on the economy of the country; most important reasons to support the European domestic market; hopes or fears in connection with the domestic market; general attitude to the European domestic market; preference for national or European decision-making authority in selected political areas; desired influence of the EC on productions of the film and television industry; attitude to a European Social Charter.

3. Europe and the democratization of the East: desired rapproachment of the EC to the Eastern European countries; attitude to food aid as well as economic cooperation with Poland and Hungary; attitude to support of the democracy movements; trust in the USSR as well as the USA; attitude to the presidents Gorbachev and Bush.

4. Attitude to European institutions and the Western security alliance: political interest and interest in the European Community; knowledge and judgement on the EC Commission; attitude to a European Government and the European Parliament; preference for increasing the significance of the European Parliament; election participation at the last European Parliament election; reasons for non-participation in the election; attitude to a strong national defense power; attitude to NATO; trust in the decision of NATO and the European Community; the significance of NATO for national security; preference for the decision of European security and defense questions in NATO or at European level; attitude to military presence of the Americans in Europe.

5. Attitude to the UN: examples for good and bad work by the United Nations; degree of familiarity of the United Nations and its sub-organizations; degree of familiarity of the name of the current UN Secretary-General; most important sources of information about the work of the UN; interest in selected UN topics.

6. Questions on health and health policy: self-assessment of condition of health; concern about extent of jeopardy to health from selected environmental problems; influence of the EC domestic market on development of health of Europeans; concern about the increase in proportion of older people in Europe; most important health problems of older people; urgency of selected measures to deal with problems in old age; necessity of care and preparation for old age; significance of old people´s homes and day care centers; most important health risks in European countries; assumed most frequent causes of death in European countries and assumed further development or displacement regarding these causes of death; the health problem that should be addressed as first priority; judgement on the effectiveness of various measures; usefulness of a European emergency identification; knowledge about medical emergency numbers; assessment of the usefulness of a Europe-wide uniform emergency number; center for advice in cases of poisoning and familiarity of centers for emergency calls in case of poisoning; most important aspects of health educatio...

Governments across the European Union have tried to improve access to public services and administration online over the past decade, with member states such as Estonia, Finland, and Sweden, being world leaders in these processes. The ease with which citizens can use these websites and other digital services is a key concern for policymakers and public administrators, with issues such as technical problems, difficult to use websites or apps, and issues with payment or signing documents all being issues mentioned by EU citizens. The greatest share of EU citizens have, however, responded that they have experienced no issues when using government websites over the past year, showing that substantial progress is being made in the area of e-government websites in the EU.

Graph and download economic data for Net Issues of International Money Market Instruments, Commercial Paper in Currency of Issue in Euro (DISCONTINUED) (IMMICCEUNI) from Q4 1989 to Q2 2015 about instruments, MMMF, issues, commercial paper, Euro Area, Europe, commercial, Net, and currency.

This article explores the role of politics for member states’ absorption problems of European Union (EU) funds. Existing research relies solely on the influence of administrative capacities, but more recent evidence points at the additional relevance of politics as the party politicization of the implementation process. Drawing on this evidence, I argue that parties alternating in control of EU funds change implementation priorities and even management staff according to their preferences. These changes interrupt implementation, weaken capacities, and thereby also contribute to absorption problems. The argument is tested in a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis of 17 operational programmes building large infrastructure in the new member states of the EU. The results strongly support a role of frequent party alternation and low capacities leading in conjunction to absorption problems. Low capacities are found to be an important, but crucially not a sufficient condition for absorption problems.

A poll released to mark World Mental Health Day reveals that during the 12 months preceding the survey, 15% of respondents across EU Member States sought professional help for psychological or emotional problems and 7% took antidepressants, mostly for depression or anxiety. According to the results, there is still stigma attached to mental disorders, with 22% of those surveyed saying they would find it difficult to speak to a person with a "significant mental disorder". This issue and the other results will be discussed during the next thematic conference under the European Pact for Mental Health and Well-being. The main themes addressed in this report are: • The state of mental well-being – how well people feel mentally and physically, and what impact has this had on their lives• Level of comfort at work – how secure people feel in their current jobs, whether they feel their skills match their current role and whether they feel they receive adequate recognition/respect for what they do • Care and treatment – what help and treatment people have sought to ameliorate any mental health conditions they have experienced • Perceptions of people with mental illness – how comfortable people feel about interacting with those with a mental health problem

The results by volumes are distributed as follows:

• Volume A: Countries
• Volume AA: Groups of countries
• Volume A' (AP): Trends
• Volume AA' (AAP): Trends of groups of countries
• Volume B: EU/socio-demographics
• Volume B' (BP) : Trends of EU/ socio-demographics
• Volume C: Country/socio-demographics ---- Researchers may also contact GESIS - Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences: https://www.gesis.org/eurobarometer

The Eurobarometer series is a unique cross-national and cross-temporal survey program conducted on behalf of the European Commission. These surveys regularly monitor public opinion in the European Union (EU) member countries and consist of standard modules and special topic modules. The standard modules address attitudes towards European unification, institutions and policies, measurements for general socio-political orientations, as well as respondent and household demographics. The special topic modules address such topics as agriculture, education, natural environment and resources, public health, public safety and crime, and science and technology. This round of Eurobarometer surveys covers the following special topics:(1) Financial and Economic Crisis, (2) European citizenship, and (3) European Values. Respondents' opinions were collected regarding the economic situation and quality of life on personal, national, and EU levels, and were asked about the impact of the economic crisis. Respondents were also asked about their employment situation and the national employment situation, as well as their expectations about the economy in the next 12 months. Additional questions were asked about respondents' feelings of national and European identity, as well as their knowledge of and trust in the EU. Respondents were also asked about their personal values, the values that the EU represents, and the amount of shared values between member states. Demographic and other background information collected includes age, gender, nationality, marital status, occupation, age when respondent stopped full-time education, household composition, difficulties in paying bills, self-assessed level in society, self-assessed social class, and Internet use. In addition, country-specific data includes type and size of locality, region of residence, and language of interview (select countries only).

Avoiding moral hazard is a recurrent argument of those seeking to limit the development of European financial support mechanisms. Germany has been the traditional leader of this coalition of actors in the European Union (EU). However, in reaction to the Covid-19 pandemic, Germany supported an EU response which included grants and massive debt issuance. What was previously presented as unacceptable – because of moral hazard – became appropriate. This contribution seeks to explain why the German government ceased to emphasise the moral hazard problem in EU economic governance. We argue that the answer is not because of a challenge to the relevance of moral hazard per se, or because the Germans lost interest in the moral hazard problem, but rather because German policymakers were discursively constrained by one of the dominant meanings of moral hazard they had previously imposed – which lost its relevance in the context of a symmetric exogenous shock.

This opinion survey was conducted on June 1-July 6, 2002 via telephone (except Poland, which held face-to-face interviews) with a sample size of 6,001. The survey was conducted in six different nations: Great Britain, Netherlands, Italy, Poland, France, and Germany. The survey was designed by an independent team of experts on public opinion and foreign policy from the United States and Europe. The topics covered include: what issues the respondent thinks are particularly important, including foreign policy, the economy, social issues, health issues, war/security issues, and the environment; the status of government programs; their thoughts on US government programs; their rating of countries' influence in the world; respondents' political leanings; their thoughts on the strength of the European Union, economic versus military strength; George W. Bush's handling of problems; threats to Europe; feelings toward other countries; thoughts on NATO; thoughts on the US potentially invading Iraq; and thoughts about events in the Middle East.

Please Note: This dataset is part of the historical CISER Data Archive Collection and is also available at the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research at https://doi.org/10.25940/ROPER-31085381. We highly recommend using the Roper Center version as they may make this dataset available in multiple data formats in the future.

This round of Euro-Barometer surveys queried respondents on standard Euro-Barometer measures such as public awareness of and attitudes toward the European Union (EU), and also focused on the election of the Parliament for the European Union, which occurred in June of 1994. EU matters covered included the respondents' general attitudes toward the European Union and, in particular, their interest in European politics, general efforts to unify Western Europe, their own country's membership, their level of satisfaction with how democracy was working in the EU and in their own country, and the level of involvement of the EU in important issues of the day. Questions on the EU Parliament election asked participants if they had voted in the election, and, if so, for which party they had voted. Respondents were also queried about their attitudes toward female candidates in the election, their feelings about important public figures in general, the role of women in decision-making roles within the institutions and organizations of the EU, the role of political campaigns in the election, and their interpretations of the importance of the results. Respondents commented on how strongly they thought of themselves as Europeans, their attitudes toward a single European currency, feelings about the unemployment problem and the possible need for a massive government program to tackle the problem, opinions on border controls and other political issues and problems, feelings about immigrants, the future role of Germany in the EU, and their level of confidence in the decisions of the EU. They also described the good and bad points of the European Parliament, its power, its effects on the lives of individuals, and whether the EU should develop into a United States of Europe. Demographic and other background information was gathered on the number of people residing in the home, size of locality, household income, trade union membership, region of residence, and occupation of the head of household, as well as the respondent's age, sex, marital status, education, occupation, work sector, religion, religiosity, subjective social class, and left-right political self-placement.

Research on issue attention in the European Union has focused on the prominence of EU integration in domestic politics and media and, at EU level, on the salience of individual issues and legislative files, often in relation to lobbying. Existing EU-level measures of issue saliency, though, are limited in scope and periodicity and tend to reflect the policy priorities of a single institutional actor rather than that of the broader EU elite sphere. We present an alternative measure of issue attention leveraging the quasi-institutional nature of the Agence Europe daily bulletin which provides comprehensive but independent news coverage of EU affairs.

Questions on the European Election and the EU. Women in politics and economy. Policies on foreigners. Topics: Trust in the citizens of the individual countries of the EU as well as in the Americans, Japanese and Russians; political interest and interest in European policies; attitude to unification of Western Europe; advantageousness of membership of one´s own country in the EU; current balance of advantages from the EU and that expected in five years; regret of a possible failure of the EU; satisfaction with the functioning of democracy in one´s country as well as in the EU; preference for increased political decisions at European level. European Election: registration for the election to the European Parliament; personal election participation in the European Election; reasons for not participating in the election; party voted for; significance of quota of women realized by a party for one´s own voting decision; knowledge test about the familiarity of selected politicians at European as well as national level; popularity of prime ministers John Major, Felipe Gonzales, Francois Mitterrand and Helmut Kohl; knowledge test about the membership of selected countries in the European Union; judgement on the speed of unification of the European countries and desired speed of EU unification; approval of a European Government responsible to a European Parliament; self-classification as European; trust in the decisions of the European Union, the European Commission, the national government, the European Court of Justice, the Council of Ministers, the national parliament and the European Parliament considering the national and individual interests of the people; good and bad sides of the European Parliament; assessment of the power of the national parliament and the European Parliament on a scale as well as expected future influence of these parliaments on the affairs of the respondent; attitude to the idea of further development of the European Union into the United States of Europe; type of personal contact with advertising in the election campaign for the European Election; voting for party or voting for candidate in the European Election as well as in the national parliament; personal position as well as assumed position of the national parties regarding a common European currency, an extensive European employment program and elimination of borders between the European countries; most important political problems; party most able to solve the political problems and classification of controversies as regional, national or European problem; general judgement on the advantageousness of the Common Market; attitude to a common currency (ECU). Women in business and politics: gender-specific preferences in the voting decision for the candidate (not in all countries); institutions and bodies in which women in decision-making positions would be particularly reasonable; desire for more female candidates in the political parties in the European Election. Policies on foreigners: too many foreigners in one´s country; attitude to an extension of the rights for foreigners; persons seeking asylum as a problem for one´s own country; European country with presumably the greatest influx of immigrants and persons seeking asylum. Demography: self-classification and classification of national parties on a left-right continuum; party inclination and party preference (Sunday question and classification of the probability of voting for every individual party); party sympathy of father during the youth of respondent; behavior at the polls in the last national election; personal membership or membership of member of household in a trade union; age at conclusion of training; possession of durable economic goods; responsibility of respondent for household income or for housekeeping; self-classification of social class; religiousness; possession of a telephone. The following question was also posed in Germany, France, Italy, the Netherlands and Great Britain: sympathy for as well as membership in an environmental protection organization, peace movement, organization opposing nuclear power well as in a women´s movement. The following questions were also posed in Denmark: attitude to Danish membership in the EU; behavior at the polls in the referendum on the Maastricht Treaty; major reasons for the behavior at the polls in the European Election; attitude to leaving the EU; time of voting decision. Also encoded were: date of interview; time of start of in...

In 2024, ** percent of Europeans stated that the main health problem associated with the use of illicit drugs are mental health issues. This statistic depicts the share of Europeans outlining the main health issues associated with the use of illicit drugs, as of 2024.

Folgen des Falls des Eisernen Vorhangs. Integration mittel- und osteuropäischer Länder in die EU. Themen: Meinung zu den Veränderungen: mehr Freiheit, besserer Lebensstandard in Mittel- und Osteuropa, Schaffen neuer Möglichkeiten für junge Generationen, offene Grenzen erlauben freie Bewegung der Menschen in Europa, Veränderungen nur für mittel- und osteuropäische Länder, gute Geschäftsmöglichkeiten für westeuropäische Unternehmen in Mittel- und Osteuropa; Einschätzung der Gesamtauswirkungen: Verbesserung der Lebensqualität in Mittel- und Osteuropa, Situation vor der Wende besser, Leben im eigenen Land unsicherer als vorher; Einschätzung der Folgen der Integration der mittel- und osteuropäischen Länder: Sicherheit und Stabilität in Europa, Probleme durch unterschiedliche kulturelle Hintergründe in den Ländern, Verbreitung demokratischer Werte sowie Schutz der Menschenrechte, Verlust von Arbeitsplätzen im eigenen Land, Verstärkung der politischen Bedeutung Europas in der Weltpolitik, Senkung der sozialen Standards in Europa, Erhöhung des Wohlstands und der wirtschaftlichen Wettbewerbsfähigkeit, Zunahme des Unsicherheitsgefühls, Erhöhung der Sicherheit durch Fortschritte im Kampf gegen organisierte Kriminalität und illegale Einwanderung, Wachstum und Modernisierung in mittel- und osteuropäischen Ländern, Erhöhung der finanziellen Zuwendungen durch westliche Länder, Reisefreiheit, Schwierigkeiten mit der Leitung der EU; wichtigste Leitlinien für eine EU-Erweiterung (für Europa, für das Befragungsland und für den Befragten). Demographie: Geschlecht; Alter; Beruf; berufliche Stellung; Urbanisierungsgrad; höchster Bildungsabschluss. Zusätzlich verkodet wurde: Befragten-ID; Interviewer-ID; Interviewsprache; Land; Interviewdatum; Interviewdauer (Interviewbeginn und Interviewende); Interviewmodus (Mobiltelefon oder Festnetz); Region; Gewichtungsfaktor. Attitudes towards the enlargement of the European Union after the fall of the iron curtain. Topics: attitude towards the following statements on the changes following the fall of the iron curtain: have brought more freedom to European citizens, resulted in better living standards in Central and Eastern Europe, created new opportunities only for the younger generation, contributed to the disappearance of borders, were only important for the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, have offered good business opportunities for Western European countries in Central and Eastern Europe; assessment of the overall impact of the changes: considerable improvement of quality of life in Central and Eastern European countries, situation in these countries before the fall of the iron curtain was better than today, life in the own country is more insecure now; attitude towards selected statements on the integration of Central and Eastern European countries into the European Union: has helped to preserve security and stability in Europe, problem of different values and cultures, spreads democratic values and the protection of human rights across Europe, lowered social standards in Europe, increased prosperity, increased the feeling of insecurity, increased European security with regard to the fight against organised crime and illegal immigration, has led to economic modernisation in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, need for massive financial transfers to Central and Eastern European countries, increased free movement of people, makes the EU more difficult to manage; most important issues with regard to decisions on further enlargement of the EU for: EU as whole, own country, personally. Demography: sex; age; occupation; professional position; type of community; highest completed level of full time education. Additionally coded was: respondent ID; interviewer ID; language of the interview; country; date of interview; time of the beginning of the interview; duration of the interview; type of phone line; region; weighting factor.

Population of Europe between 2017 - 2021 inclusive of (Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Spain) for the September challenge. Please upvote if you find this useful! Thank you and happy kaggling!

This round of Eurobarometer surveys queried respondents on standard Eurobarometer measures such as public awareness of and attitudes toward the European Union (EU), and also focused on cancer, education issues, and the Single European Currency. Respondents were questioned about their attitudes toward cancer risks and prevention strategies. They were also asked whether they had heard or read anything about the European Week Against Cancer, the European program to fight cancer, or the "European Code Against Cancer". The European Code Against Cancer, consisting of ten elementary rules for the possible prevention of cancer, was developed by a committee of cancer experts from all member countries of the EU. Education questions concerned whether respondents were satisfied with primary and secondary schools. Common European currency questions included whether respondents were for or against having one European currency in all member states. Respondents were queried about their knowledge of the Single European Currency and conditions member countries must meet in order to join the European Economic and Monetary Union. They were also asked for their opinions about possible outcomes of the changeover to the Single European Currency. Respondents were further queried about their time-frame preference for introducing the dual display of both the national currency and the European currency on goods and services, their concerns about this changeover, and their opinions about where useful information on the European currency and the changeover should be available. Demographic and other background information was gathered on the number of people residing in the home, size of locality, household income, and region of residence, as well as the respondent's age, sex, religion, age when completed education, occupation, and left-right political self-placement.

Graph and download economic data for Net Issues of International Debt Securities for Issuers in Non-Financial Corporations (Corporate Issuers), All Maturities, Residence of Issuer in Europe (IDSNFAMRINI3C) from Q2 1976 to Q2 2025 about issues, nonfinancial, maturity, Europe, debt, Net, residents, corporate, and securities.

‘Problem drug use’ is defined by the EMCDDA as ‘injecting drug use or long duration / regular use of opioids, cocaine and/or amphetamines’. This definition specifically includes regular or long-term use of prescribed opioids such as methadone but does not include their rare or irregular use nor the use of other drugs, such as ecstasy or cannabis. Existing estimates of problem drug use are often limited to opioid and poly-drug use.

There are approximately 20 statistical tables in this dataset. Each data table may be viewed as an HTML table or downloaded in spreadsheet (XLS/Excel format).