Full edition for scientific use. In this dataset, we collected measures of need for privacy and personality. The aim was to determine how personality can predict and explain why specific people need privacy. The measures of privacy were based on existing scales; some items were developed anew; and some items were adapted. Personality was measured using the HEXACO Personality Inventory. The data consist of 1598 respondents from the United States. The sample was quota sampled in terms of age, gender, and ethnicity. The data were collected by Prolific.

This data was collected from three experiments exploring how participants learn a language and social cue pattern. Data was collected virtually through the research platform Labvanced and participants were recruited from Prolific. The files in this data set contain quantitative data of participants' accuracy during test trials as well as qualitative data of participants' explanations for their selections.

The Net Zero Policy Support Survey was designed to measure public support for different types of net zero policies (taxes, subsidies, regulatory restrictions and regulatory provisions) in three behavioural domains (travel, household energy, and diet). These policies can be classified as Push (taxes, regulatory restrictions) versus Pull (subsidies and regulatory provisions) measures and Financial (taxes and subsidies) versus Regulatory (restrictions and provisions) in those three behavioural domains. Respondents were asked to what extent they support or oppose those measures, to what extent they are confident that the policies give a fair outcome to everyone affected/will not be biased against any particular group, and to estimate the percentage (%) of people in the UK do they think support/oppose the policies (respondents were randomly assigned to one of two versions of the question to estimate either the percentage of people supporting the policies or the percentage of people opposing the policies). The study considered twelve Net Zero policies, but participants were only shown six out of twelve policies. This was done by randomly showing them two out of four policies for each behavioural domain. The survey further consisted of questions on climate change perceptions, social trust, perceived responsibility (for climate mitigation), and socio-demographics, including political orientation, voting intention and economy/environment trade off. The study was conducted on 16 and17 October 2023 and consisted of an online sample of 2,002 panel respondents, using quotas for gender, age and ethnicity to ensure the sample is broadly in line with the UK population. Data were collected by panel provider Prolific.

What is the reality of the misophonic experience in the general population? This is a study on misophonia in a large sample, representative of the UK general population. The study utilises a multidimensional psychometric tool, the S-Five, to study sounds triggering misophonia in everyday activities, the intensity of emotions/feelings related to them, and the norms of key components of the misophonic experience: internalising and externalising appraisals, perceived threat and avoidance behaviours, outbursts, and the impact on functioning. Based on the S-Five scores and a semi-structured interview delivered by clinicians specialising in misophonia, the estimated prevalence of people for whom symptoms of misophonia cause a significant burden in their life in the UK was estimated to be 18%. The psychometric properties of the S-Five in the UK general population were also evaluated and differences across gender and age were explored. Our results show that the five-factor structure is reproduced, and that the S-Five is a reliable and valid scale for the measurement of the severity of the misophonic experience in the general UK population. Participants constituted a representative sample of the UK general population, recruited via Prolific.co, via an allocation algorithm to stratify sample size across sex, age, and ethnicity using census data from the UK. Consent to the study, after reading the participant information sheet, was provided using this online platform. To be eligible to take part in the study, participants had to be aged 18 years or older, fluent in English, and have an absence of diagnosed severe learning or intellectual disability.

This is the data collected as part of the STRAT-BCS DCE study (stratification in bowel cancer screening - discrete choice experiment). The aim of this study was to describe the relative importance of different attributes of potential approaches to risk stratification for identifying eligibility for bowel cancer screening, and the trade-offs individuals are willing to make between these. Participants were representative of the UK population in terms of age, sex and ethnicity (n=1,196) and recruited from www.prolific.co. Data were collected in November 2022.

The dataset contains: 1. Data dictionary - explanation of each of the variables 2. Participants - anonymised participant demographics, beliefs about cancer, cancer worry and views on the benefits of cancer screening using validated questions where possible 3. DCE - participants' choice responses to each question within the DCE, including the levels of the attributes for each choice set and time taken to respond (raw data; formatted as two rows per choice set [Programme A and Programme B]).

For more detailed information, the full survey, study protocol, consent form and participant information sheet are attached with this record.

The ability to accurately perceive body adiposity, both when it is too high and too low, is critical for health outcomes. Existing tools used to assess body size, however, failed to accurately capture how bodies varying in size and shape and make the false assumption that Body Mass Index (BMI) is an appropriate index to use. Rather than focusing on a simple concept of body size, however, it is essential to recognise that bodies vary in levels of both adiposity and muscularity that form the two-dimensional concept of body composition. BMI itself does not distinguish between these two dimensions of body composition.

To address this problem, Maalin et al., (2021) detailed a method to create biometrically valid stimuli whose shape changes are based on the two dimensions of muscularity and adiposity, rather than BMI. Such techniques allowed Maalin et al. (2021) to create 3D computer-generated models of bodies, correctly calibrated for body composition, thus substantially improving the accuracy and precision with which assessments of body size and shape can be made.

Despite being a very valuable tool for body image perception, the stimuli were only created from White European adults, given the differences in body composition and distribution of fat deposition in different racial groups. In Asian populations, for example, people typically have proportionately higher fat mass, both total and in the abdominal region, with less lean mass and skeletal muscle for a given BMI than Caucasians.

To address this issue, 3D body scanning data has been collected from Asian adults to create a new data base and statistical models of Asian populations. Individual data bases for East and South Asians have been generated, given the elevated levels of fat to muscle ratio for a particular BMI in South Asians (SA) compared to East Asians (EA). This study, therefore, aims to investigate whether participants can discriminate any differences in body shape/size between the Asian body scales and the 3D scales of White adults. This study will be in two parts, as we will recruit separately for the South Asian vs. White European study and the East Asian vs White European study. There will also be an in-person pilot study initially to determine that the task works correctly before moving it online to Prolific.

In the final stage, we will ask the question whether sensitivity to body size differences (indexed by BMI) depends on the ethnicity of the rater as well as the ethnicity of the stimuli viewed. To do this, we will conduct an online 2AFC study, using the method of constant stimuli. EA/SA/White participants will make self-estimates of body size using stimuli that are ethically congruent\incongruent with the observer.

On April 22, 2020, 549 U.S. resident users of Prolific.co completed (1) the Authoritarianism-Conservatism-Traditionalism Scales (Duckitt, Bizumic, Kruauss, and Heled, 2010), (2) the 22-item short form of the Left-Wing Authoritarianism Index (Costello and Lilienfeld, 2019), (3) their level of endorsement of 19 policies that could possibly mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and (4) a set of demographic questions (age, gender, ethnicity, pre-pandemic household income, and highest educational attainment). They were also asked to provide their current ZIP code, because county-level COVID-19 prevalence was a control variable in the analyses. To protect participants' confidentiality, neither ZIP code nor county name is included in this data set. Instead, the data set includes the relevant control variable (COVID-19 cases per 100,000 county residents on Apr. 22, 2020). Also provided are the STATA commands used in the analyses.

We collect data from two online experiments to investigate the impact of reading a vignette about a climate change victim on donation behavior, psychological distance of climate change, and how soon participants want action on climate change. The data set for Study 1 was collected via Qualtrics Research Panel and includes data from 1,500 Black and White participants in the United States. The data set for Study 2 was collected via Prolific Research Panel and includes data from 1,263 Black and White participants in the United States. Social distance refers to the perceived psychological distance between the self and another person on dimensions such as race and class. Does decreasing social distance with a climate victim increase donations? Here we investigate the effect of manipulating social distance on donation to a climate organization, how soon participants want action on climate change, and psychological distance of climate change. In two online experiments, participants were asked to read a vignette which manipulated the race and income class of a climate victim (Study 1) or where only race was manipulated (Study 2). When participants perceive themselves to be similar to the hypothetical climate victim, they are more likely to donate to a climate organization (Study 2; 46.6% who perceive themselves to be similar versus 34.0% who perceive themselves to be different). We also find that Republican participants who perceive the climate victim as similar want action sooner than Republican participants who view the victim as different. Finally, participants who perceive the victim as similar to themselves also perceive climate change to be less psychologically distant.

This item contains all data and statistical code to replicate the analysis presented in the preprint entitled "Using rapid online surveys to assess perceptions during infectious disease outbreaks: a cross-sectional survey on Covid-19 among the general public in the United States and United Kingdom".

Background: Given the extensive time needed to conduct a nationally representative household survey and the commonly low response rate in phone surveys, rapid online surveys may be a promising method to assess and track knowledge and perceptions among the general public during fast-moving infectious disease outbreaks. Objective: To apply rapid online surveying to determine knowledge and perceptions of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) among the general public in the United States (US) and the United Kingdom (UK). Methods: An online questionnaire was administered to 3,000 adults residing in the US and 3,000 adults residing in the UK who had registered with Prolific Academic to participate in online research. Strata by age (18 - 27, 28 - 37, 38 - 47, 48 - 57, or 58 years), sex (male or female), and ethnicity (White, Black or African American, Asian or Asian Indian, Mixed, or “Other”), and all permutations of these strata, were established. The number of participants who could enrol in each of these strata was calculated to reflect the distribution in the US and UK general population. Enrolment into the survey within the strata was on a first-come, first-served basis. Participants completed the questionnaire between February 23 and March 2 2020. Results: 2,986 and 2,988 adults residing in the US and the UK, respectively, completed the questionnaire. 64.4% (1,924/2,986) of US and 51.5% (1,540/2,988) of UK participants had a tertiary education degree. 67.5% (2,015/2,986) of US participants had a total household income between $20,000 and $99,999, and 74.4% (2,223/2,988) of UK participants had a total household income between £15,000 and £74,999. US and UK participants’ median estimate for the probability of a fatal disease course among those infected with SARS-CoV-2 was 5.0% (IQR: 2.0% – 15.0%) and 3.0% (IQR: 2.0% – 10.0%), respectively. Participants generally had good knowledge of the main mode of disease transmission and common symptoms of Covid-19. However, a substantial proportion of participants had misconceptions about how to prevent an infection and the recommended care-seeking behavior. For instance, 37.8% (95% CI: 36.1% – 39.6%) of US and 29.7% (95% CI: 28.1% – 31.4%) of UK participants thought that wearing a common surgical mask was ‘highly effective’ in protecting them from acquiring Covid-19. 25.6% (95% CI: 24.1% – 27.2%) of US and 29.6% (95% CI: 28.0% – 31.3%) of UK participants thought it prudent to refrain from eating at Chinese restaurants. Around half (53.8% [95% CI: 52.1% – 55.6%] of US and 39.1% [95% CI: 37.4% –40.9%] of UK participants) thought that children were at an especially high risk of death when infected with SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions: The distribution of participants by total household income and education followed approximately that of the general population. The findings from this online survey could guide information campaigns by public health authorities, clinicians, and the media. More broadly, rapid online surveys could be an important tool in tracking the public’s knowledge and misperceptions during rapidly moving infectious disease outbreaks.

This is the data collected as part of the Ribbons DCE study (Understanding public receptiveness to risk-based innovations for cancer prevention, screening and early diagnosis - discrete choice experiment). The aim of this study was to quantify the relative importance of different attributes of risk-based technologies amongst members of the public. Participants were representative of the UK population in terms of age, sex, ethnicity and socioeconomic status (n=1,202) and recruited from www.prolific.co. Data were collected in November 2023.

Study materials (including the protocol and survey outline) and all anonymised data collected as part of the survey are provided. These are described in the information and data dictionary document.