This publication series presents or signposts to a range of information relating to a range of Public Health Statistics on Alcohol, Drug Misuse, Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet and Smoking.

The Local Alcohol Profiles for England 2014 provide a national indicator set intended to inform and support local, sub-national and national alcohol policies. These indicators provided measures to help prioritise and target local areas of concern. In addition, they provided a baseline for monitoring progress in reducing alcohol-related harm at local, sub-national and national level. The profiles contain 26 alcohol-related indicators for every local authority, and the majority are also available for all Public Health England (PHE) centres in England; the data download also provides data for government office regions. Months Life Lost Alcohol Specific Mortality

This report presents findings from the third (wave 3) in a series of follow up reports to the 2017 Mental Health of Children and Young People (MHCYP) survey, conducted in 2022. The sample includes 2,866 of the children and young people who took part in the MHCYP 2017 survey. The mental health of children and young people aged 7 to 24 years living in England in 2022 is examined, as well as their household circumstances, and their experiences of education, employment and services and of life in their families and communities. Comparisons are made with 2017, 2020 (wave 1) and 2021 (wave 2), where possible, to monitor changes over time.

This survey ranks social issues of highest public concern in the United Kingdom (UK) in 2014. Of respondents, 67 percent reported the National Health Service was of highest concern to them.

This dataset presents the prevalence of heart failure among patients registered with GP practices in England. It reflects the proportion of individuals diagnosed with heart failure as recorded in the Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF), a system used by NHS Digital to monitor the quality of care provided by general practices. The data is expressed as a percentage of the total practice list size and is intended to support monitoring and improvement of cardiovascular health outcomes.

Rationale Heart failure is a significant public health concern, contributing to high levels of morbidity and healthcare utilization. Monitoring its prevalence at the practice level helps identify areas with higher disease burden and supports targeted interventions. Reducing the prevalence of heart failure is a key objective in improving population health and reducing avoidable hospital admissions.

Numerator The numerator is defined as the number of patients diagnosed with heart failure, as recorded on their GP practice's disease register. This information is sourced from the Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF), maintained by NHS Digital.

Denominator The denominator is the total number of patients registered at the GP practice (the total practice list size). This is also sourced from the QOF dataset provided by NHS Digital.

Caveats No specific caveats were noted in the source metadata. However, it is important to consider that the accuracy of prevalence data depends on the completeness and consistency of clinical coding practices across GP practices.

External References Public Health England - Fingertips Tool

Localities ExplainedThis dataset contains data based on either the resident locality or registered locality of the patient, a distinction is made between resident locality and registered locality populations:Resident Locality refers to individuals who live within the defined geographic boundaries of the locality. These boundaries are aligned with official administrative areas such as wards and Lower Layer Super Output Areas (LSOAs).Registered Locality refers to individuals who are registered with GP practices that are assigned to a locality based on the Primary Care Network (PCN) they belong to. These assignments are approximate—PCNs are mapped to a locality based on the location of most of their GP surgeries. As a result, locality-registered patients may live outside the locality, sometimes even in different towns or cities.This distinction is important because some health indicators are only available at GP practice level, without information on where patients actually reside. In such cases, data is attributed to the locality based on GP registration, not residential address.

Click here to explore more from the Birmingham and Solihull Integrated Care Partnerships Outcome Framework.

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) continue to be a major public health concern in the United Kingdom (UK). Epidemiological models have shown that narrowing the time between STI diagnosis and treatment may reduce the population burden of infection, and rapid, accurate point-of-care tests (POCTs) have potential for increasing correct treatment and mitigating the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). We developed the Precise social science programme to incorporate clinician and patient opinions on potential designs and implementation of new POCTs for multiple STIs and AMR detection. We conducted qualitative research, consisting of informal interviews with clinicians and semi-structured in-depth interviews with patients, in six sexual health clinics in the UK. Interviews with clinicians focused on how the new POCTs would likely be implemented into clinical care; these new clinical pathways were then posed to patients in in-depth interviews. Patient interviews showed acceptability of POCTs, however, willingness to wait in clinic for test results depended on the context of patients’ sexual healthcare seeking. Patients reporting frequent healthcare visits often based their expectations and opinions of services and POCTs on previous visits. Patients’ suggestions for implementation of POCTs included provision of information on service changes and targeting tests to patients concerned they are infected. Our data suggests that patients may accept new POCT pathways if they are given information on these changes prior to attending services and to consider implementing POCTs among patients who are anxious about their infection status and/or who are experiencing symptoms.

As of April 2020, it was found that the greatest worry among the British public during the coronavirus pandemic was a loved one getting badly ill and requiring hospital treatment at 59 percent. The respondents were slightly less concerned about their own health with 49 percent saying they were worried about becoming ill from the virus and needing to be hospitalized, while 36 percent said they were most worried about a general economic downturn.

The latest number of cases in the UK can be found here. For further information about the coronavirus pandemic, please visit our dedicated Facts and Figures page.

This collection includes 27 qualitative surveys completed by probation staff in England about their perceptions of the impact of the response to Covid-19 on their health-related practice with people under supervision. It also includes transcripts from 11 interviews with people that were under probation supervision during the pandemic about the impact of the response to the pandemic on their health, access to healthcare, and their experience of working with probation or health services to improve their health during the pandemic. Notes from two brief follow-up conversations with probation staff which aimed to add detail to the survey findings are also included.

Individuals supervised by probation are more likely to have certain health problems than the general population, often having multiple physical and mental health problems. Poor health can negatively impact on criminal justice outcomes like reoffending. In partnership with healthcare organisations, probation work to identify health needs and improve the health of people under supervision. Probation replaced office appointments with email, Skype and doorstep visits in response to the pandemic, and models of partnership working between health and justice agencies have adapted, changing how healthcare is accessed. The nature and impact of these changes for those under supervision isn't fully understood. Concerns have been raised that existing difficulties that this vulnerable group encounter with accessing healthcare may be made worse. However, the pandemic may also have led to helpful innovations in how healthcare is provided that need to be captured and spread. Following discussions with several senior probation staff, NHS England and individuals with lived experience of the criminal justice system, we have created a proposal to address this knowledge gap and thereby inform future policy and practice. We will use staff survey data and correspondence, and service user interviews to improve understanding of the nature and impact of Covid-19 responses on a) health-related probation practice, b) the lived experience of seeking health support whilst under probation supervision, and c) partnership working and pathways into care. Revolving Doors are key to capturing service user views. Through joint working with stakeholders findings will directly inform how services are provided in the future.

This is the second (wave 2) in a series of follow up reports to the Mental Health and Young People Survey (MHCYP) 2017, exploring the mental health of children and young people in February/March 2021, during the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and changes since 2017. Experiences of family life, education, and services during the COVID-19 pandemic are also examined. The sample for the Mental Health Survey for Children and Young People, 2021 (MHCYP 2021), wave 2 follow up was based on 3,667 children and young people who took part in the MHCYP 2017 survey, with both surveys also drawing on information collected from parents. Cross-sectional analyses are presented, addressing three primary aims: Aim 1: Comparing mental health between 2017 and 2021 – the likelihood of a mental disorder has been assessed against completion of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) in both years in Topic 1 by various demographics. Aim 2: Describing life during the COVID-19 pandemic - Topic 2 examines the circumstances and experiences of children and young people in February/March 2021 and the preceding months, covering: COVID-19 infection and symptoms. Feelings about social media use. Family connectedness. Family functioning. Education, including missed days of schooling, access to resources, and support for those with Special Educational Needs and Disabilities (SEND). Changes in circumstances. How lockdown and restrictions have affected children and young people’s lives. Seeking help for mental health concerns. Aim 3: Present more detailed data on the mental health, circumstances and experiences of children and young people by ethnic group during the coronavirus pandemic (where sample sizes allow). The data is broken down by gender and age bands of 6 to 10 year olds and 11 to 16 year olds for all categories, and 17 to 22 years old for certain categories where a time series is available, as well as by whether a child is unlikely to have a mental health disorder, possibly has a mental health disorder and probably has a mental health disorder. This study was funded by the Department of Health and Social Care, commissioned by NHS Digital, and carried out by the Office for National Statistics, the National Centre for Social Research, University of Cambridge and University of Exeter.

This statistic displays the annual public healthcare spending in the United Kingdom from 2000 to 2023. The total public healthcare spending increased over the period concerned to approximately ***** British pounds per capita in 2022, the highest in the provided time interval, before slightly falling to ***** British pounds in 2023.

This report presents information on obesity, physical activity and diet drawn together from a variety of sources for England. More information can be found in the source publications which contain a wider range of data and analysis. Each section provides an overview of key findings, as well as providing links to relevant documents and sources. Some of the data have been published previously by NHS Digital. A data visualisation tool (link provided within the key facts) allows users to select obesity related hospital admissions data for any Local Authority (as contained in the data tables), along with time series data from 2013/14. Regional and national comparisons are also provided. The report includes information on: Obesity related hospital admissions, including obesity related bariatric surgery. Obesity prevalence. Physical activity levels. Walking and cycling rates. Prescriptions items for the treatment of obesity. Perception of weight and weight management. Food and drink purchases and expenditure. Fruit and vegetable consumption. Key facts cover the latest year of data available: Hospital admissions: 2018/19 Adult obesity: 2018 Childhood obesity: 2018/19 Adult physical activity: 12 months to November 2019 Children and young people's physical activity: 2018/19 academic year

This dataset presents the rate of Accident & Emergency (A&E) attendances among young children aged 0–4 years across England. It provides a crude rate per 1,000 population, offering insight into the frequency with which this age group accesses emergency care services. The data is derived from the Emergency Care Data Set (ECDS) maintained by NHS England and is linked to the child’s local authority of residence at the time of attendance.

Rationale Monitoring A&E attendances for children aged 0–4 years is crucial for understanding patterns of urgent healthcare use in early childhood. High rates may indicate issues such as limited access to primary care, parental health-seeking behaviour, or broader public health concerns. Reducing unnecessary A&E attendances in this age group is a key public health objective, aiming to ensure children receive appropriate care in the most suitable settings.

Numerator The numerator includes all A&E attendances for children aged 0–4 years at the time of attendance, with a valid gender recorded, and who are residents of England. Each child is assigned to their local authority of residence based on the location at the time of the A&E visit.

Denominator The denominator is the resident population of children aged 0–4 years, based on data from the 2021 Census.

Caveats There are no specific caveats noted for this dataset. However, users should consider potential limitations such as data completeness, accuracy of residency assignment, and changes in healthcare-seeking behaviour over time.

External References Public Health England – Fingertips Indicator

Localities ExplainedThis dataset contains data based on either the resident locality or registered locality of the patient, a distinction is made between resident locality and registered locality populations:Resident Locality refers to individuals who live within the defined geographic boundaries of the locality. These boundaries are aligned with official administrative areas such as wards and Lower Layer Super Output Areas (LSOAs).Registered Locality refers to individuals who are registered with GP practices that are assigned to a locality based on the Primary Care Network (PCN) they belong to. These assignments are approximate—PCNs are mapped to a locality based on the location of most of their GP surgeries. As a result, locality-registered patients may live outside the locality, sometimes even in different towns or cities.This distinction is important because some health indicators are only available at GP practice level, without information on where patients actually reside. In such cases, data is attributed to the locality based on GP registration, not residential address.

Click here to explore more from the Birmingham and Solihull Integrated Care Partnerships Outcome Framework.

The Health Survey for England (HSE) monitors trends in the nation’s health and care. It provides information about adults aged 16 and over, and children aged 0 to 15, living in private households in England. The survey is used to monitor overweight and obesity and to estimate the proportion of people in England who have certain health conditions and the prevalence of risk factors and health related behaviours, such as smoking and drinking alcohol. The survey consists of an interview, followed by a visit from a nurse who takes some measurements and blood and saliva samples. Adults and children aged 13 to 15 were interviewed in person, and parents of children aged 0 to 12 answered on behalf of their children for many topics. Children aged 8 to 15 filled in a self-completion booklet about their drinking and smoking behaviour. In total 7,997 adults (aged 16 and over) and 1,985 children (aged 0 to 15) were interviewed. 5,196 adults and 1,195 children had a nurse visit. Correction notice 27/11/2019 The following errors have been identified and corrected for the 2017 HSE report: An error in 2017 figures for children's self-reported cigarette smoking status. This error affected two tables (table 3 and table A1) in the Children’s health topic report. Corrections have been made to version 2 of the report and tables and are available below. Estimates change by between 0-1%, but the narrative around the relationships remains stable. An error in the derivation of equivalised income (including equivalised income quintiles and equivalised income tertiles). This error affected ten tables in the 2016 HSE report, that use equivalised income, in five separate topic reports: Adult and Child overweight and obesity, Adult health related behaviours, Multiple risk factors, Adult health and Cardiovascular diseases. Corrections have been made to version 2 of these reports and tables and are available below. Corrected estimates change by between 0-2%, but the narrative around the relationships remains stable. The Summary report has also been updated to correct figures where necessary.

A community health worker led approach to cardiovascular disease prevention in the UK—SPICES-sussex (scaling-up packages of interventions for cardiovascular disease prevention in selected sites in Europe and Sub-saharan Africa): an implementation research projectBackground: These data come from a UK-based study, SPICES-Sussex, which aimed to co-produce and implement a community-based cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessment and reduction intervention to support underserved populations at moderate risk of CVD. The objectives were to enhance stakeholder engagement; to implement the intervention in four research sites and to evaluate the use of Voluntary and Community and Social Enterprises (VCSE) and Community Health Worker (CHW) partnerships in health interventions.Methods: A type three hybrid implementation study design was used with mixed methods data. This paper represents the process evaluation of the implementation of the SPICES-Sussex Project. The evaluation was conducted using the RE-AIM framework. It used mixed Qualitative and Quotative methods to evaluate the intervention. These data sources include: A risk profiling data set which includes survey data from 381 participants in order to screening people for eligibility in the intervention based on CVD risk, [2] quantitative pre-=post data which measures the effectiveness of the intervention based on a series of self-report lifestyle questionnaires which measured (Overall CVD risk – INTERHEART, diet -= UKDDQ, exercise – IPAQ), [3] qualitative summarise data from interviews with 37 individuals who were (a) members of the research and implementation team, (b) community health workers, (c) participants in the intervention. The data were analysed using a process evaluation approach based on the RE-AIM framework.Results: Reach: 381 individuals took part in the risk profiling questionnaire and forty-one women, and five men participated in the coaching intervention. Effectiveness: quantitative results from intervention participants showed significant improvements in CVD behavioural risk factors across several measures. Qualitative data indicated high acceptability, with the holistic, personalised, and person-centred approach being valued by participants. Adoption: 50% of VCSEs approached took part in the SPICES programme, The CHWs felt empowered to deliver high-quality and mutually beneficial coaching within a strong project infrastructure that made use of VCSE partnerships. Implementation: Co-design meetings resulted in local adaptations being made to the intervention. 29 (63%) of participants completed the intervention. Practical issues concerned how to embed CHWs in a health service context, how to keep engaging participants, and tensions between research integrity and the needs and expectations of those in the voluntary sector. Maintenance: Several VCSEs expressed an interest in continuing the intervention after the end of the SPICES programme.Conclusion: Community-engagement approaches have the potential to have positively impact the health and wellbeing of certain groups. Furthermore, VCSEs and CHWs represent a significant untapped resource in the UK. However, more work needs to be done to understand how links between the sectors can be bridged to deliver evidence-based effective alternative preventative healthcare. Reaching vulnerable populations remains a challenge despite partnerships with VCSEs which are embedded in the community. By showing what went well and what did not, this project can guide future work in community engagement for health

Proportion of children aged 10 to 11 years classified as overweight or living with obesity. For population monitoring purposes, a child’s body mass index (BMI) is classed as overweight or obese where it is on or above the 85th centile or 95th centile, respectively, based on the British 1990 (UK90) growth reference data. The population monitoring cut offs for overweight and obesity are lower than the clinical cut offs (91st and 98th centiles for overweight and obesity) used to assess individual children; this is to capture children in the population in the clinical overweight or obesity BMI categories and those who are at high risk of moving into the clinical overweight or clinical obesity categories. This helps ensure that adequate services are planned and delivered for the whole population.

Rationale There is concern about the rise of childhood obesity and the implications of obesity persisting into adulthood. The risk of obesity in adulthood and risk of future obesity-related ill health are greater as children get older. Studies tracking child obesity into adulthood have found that the probability of children who are overweight or living with obesity becoming overweight or obese adults increases with age[1,2,3]. The health consequences of childhood obesity include: increased blood lipids, glucose intolerance, Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, increases in liver enzymes associated with fatty liver, exacerbation of conditions such as asthma and psychological problems such as social isolation, low self-esteem, teasing and bullying.

It is important to look at the prevalence of weight status across all weight/BMI categories to understand the whole picture and the movement of the population between categories over time.

The National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence have produced guidelines to tackle obesity in adults and children - http://guidance.nice.org.uk/CG43.

1 Guo SS, Chumlea WC. Tracking of body mass index in children in relation to overweight in adulthood. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1999;70(suppl): 145S-8S.

2 Serdula MK, Ivery D, Coates RJ, Freedman DS, Williamson DF, Byers T. Do obese children become obese adults? A review of the literature. Preventative Medicine 1993;22:167-77.

3 Starc G, Strel J. Tracking excess weight and obesity from childhood to young adulthood: a 12-year prospective cohort study in Slovenia. Public Health Nutrition 2011;14:49-55.

Definition of numerator Number of children in year 6 (aged 10 to 11 years) with a valid height and weight measured by the NCMP with a BMI classified as overweight or living with obesity, including severe obesity (BMI on or above the 85th centile of the UK90 growth reference).

Definition of denominator The number of children in year 6 (aged 10 to 11 years) with a valid height and weight measured by the NCMP.

Caveats Data for local authorities may not match that published by NHS England which are based on the local authority of the school attended by the child or based on the local authority that submitted the data. There is a strong correlation between deprivation and child obesity prevalence and users of these data may wish to examine the pattern in their local area. Users may wish to produce thematic maps and charts showing local child obesity prevalence. When presenting data in charts or maps it is important, where possible, to consider the confidence intervals (CIs) around the figures. This analysis supersedes previously published data for small area geographies and historically published data should not be compared to the latest publication. Estimated data published in this fingertips tool is not comparable with previously published data due to changes in methods over the different years of production. These methods changes include; moving from estimated numbers at ward level to actual numbers; revision of geographical boundaries (including ward boundary changes and conversion from 2001 MSOA boundaries to 2011 boundaries); disclosure control methodology changes. The most recently published data applies the same methods across all years of data. There is the potential for error in the collection, collation and interpretation of the data (bias may be introduced due to poor response rates and selective opt out of children with a high BMI for age/sex which it is not possible to control for). There is not a good measure of response bias and the degree of selective opt out, but participation rates (the proportion of eligible school children who were measured) may provide a reasonable proxy; the higher the participation rate, the less chance there is for selective opt out, though this is not a perfect method of assessment. Participation rates for each local authority are available in the https://fingertips.phe.org.uk/profile/national-child-measurement-programme/data#page/4/gid/8000022/ of this profile.

BackgroundPublic health provision in England is undergoing dramatic changes. Currently established partnerships are thus likely to be significantly disrupted by the radical reforms outlined in the Public Health White Paper. We therefore explored the process of partnership working in public health, in order to better understand the potential opportunities and threats associated with the proposed changes. Methodology/Principal Findings70 participants took part in an in-depth qualitative study involving 40 semi-structured interviews and three focus group discussions. Participants were senior and middle grade public health decision makers working in Primary Care Trusts, Local Authorities, Department of Health, academia, General Practice and Hospital Trusts and the third sector in England. Despite mature arrangements for partnership working in many areas, and much support for joint working in principle, many important barriers exist. These include cultural issues such as a lack of shared values and language, the inherent complexity of intersectoral collaboration for public health, and macro issues including political and resource constraints. There is particular uncertainty and anxiety about the future of joint working relating to the availability and distribution of scarce and diminishing financial resources. There is also the concern that existing effective collaborative networks may be completely disrupted as the proposed changes unfold. The extent to which the proposed reforms might mitigate or potentiate these issues remains unclear. However the threats currently remain more salient than opportunities. ConclusionsThe current re-organisation of public health offers real opportunity to address some of the barriers to partnership working identified in this study. However, significant threats exist. These include the breakup of established networks, and the risk of cost cutting on effective public health interventions.

This report presents findings from the Government's National Child Measurement Programme (NCMP) for England, 2023/24 school year. It covers children in Reception (aged 4-5 years) and Year 6 (aged 10-11 years) in mainstream state-maintained schools in England. The report contains analyses of Body Mass Index (BMI) classification rates by age, sex, deprivation and ethnicity as well as geographic analyses.

According to Cognitive Market Research, The Global Learning Disability Treatment market size is USD 4215.2 million in 2024 and will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.80% from 2024 to 2031.

North America Learning Disability Treatment held the major Market of more than 40% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 1686.08 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.0% from 2024 to 2031.
Europe Learning Disability Treatment accounted for a share of over 30% of the global market size of USD 1264.56 million in 2024.
Asia Pacific Learning Disability Treatment held the Market of around 23% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 969.50 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.8% from 2024 to 2031.
South America Learning Disability Treatment market has more than 5% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 210.76 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.2% from 2024 to 2031.
Middle East and Africa Learning Disability Treatment held the major Market of around 2% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 84.30 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.5% from 2024 to 2031.
Sales in the dyslexia segment are set to rise as the industry encompasses personalized educational approaches, assistive technologies, and cognitive training programs to alleviate dyslexic challenges.
Increasing prevalence of learning disabilities, improvements in diagnostic technologies, ongoing research & development, and development of new technologies.

Rising Prevalence of Learning Disability to Provide Viable Market Output

The rising prevalence of learning disability is creating a significant increase in global demand. With an increasing awareness and understanding of these conditions, there is a growing demand for effective interventions and therapies. Factors such as early diagnosis, advancements in medical technology, and the pursuit of improved educational outcomes further propel the Market. Governments and healthcare organizations also invest in research and development, fostering innovation in treatment options. The rising recognition of learning disabilities as a significant public health concern fuels the need for tailored therapeutic solutions, driving growth in the learning disability treatment market.

For instance, According to the National Health Service, over 1.5 million people in the UK have learning disability. Furthermore, over 350,000 people have a severe learning disability, and the number is anticipated to increase shortly.

(Source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2020839/)

More Government Initiatives to Propel Market Growth

The rise in government initiatives aims to provide growth in the Market. Increased awareness and recognition of the prevalence of such conditions have prompted governments worldwide to allocate substantial funding and implement programs to improve diagnosis, intervention, and accessibility to specialized educational services. These initiatives foster research, development, and adoption of innovative treatments, thereby propelling the growth of the learning disability treatment market. The commitment to creating inclusive environments and promoting the well-being of individuals with learning disabilities underscores the pivotal role of government support in shaping the market landscape.

For instance, the Government of England and NHS focus on reducing health inequalities for people with learning disabilities and have established various national programs to enhance the treatments and outcomes. The NHS Long Term Plan recently recognized learning disabilities and autism as clinical priority areas.

(Source: https://www.longtermplan.nhs.uk/areas-of-work/learning-disability-autism/)

Market Restraints of the Learning Disability Treatment

Lack of Knowledge to Restrict Market Growth

The learning disability treatment market faces challenges due to the lack of knowledge of treatments. Limited understanding of learning disabilities hinders early identification and appropriate intervention, leading to delayed or inadequate treatments. This knowledge gap poses a challenge in addressing the diverse needs of individuals with learning disabilities, impeding the development and adoption of effective treatments. Bridging this awareness gap is crucial for enhanc...