People aged 15 to 59 years seen at HIV services in the UK, expressed as a rate per 1,000 population.Data is presented by area of residence, and exclude people diagnosed with HIV in England who are resident in Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland or abroad.RationaleThe geographical distribution of people seen for HIV care and treatment is not uniform across or within regions in England. Knowledge of local diagnosed HIV prevalence and identification of local risk groups can be used to help direct resources for HIV prevention and treatment.In 2008, http://www.bhiva.org/HIV-testing-guidelines.aspx recommended that Local Authority and NHS bodies consider implementing routine HIV testing for all general medical admissions as well as new registrants in primary care where the diagnosed HIV prevalence exceeds 2 in 1,000 population aged 15 to 59 years.In 2017, guidelines were updated by https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/NG60 which is co-badged with Public Health England. This guidance continues to define high HIV prevalence local authorities as those with a diagnosed HIV prevalence of between 2 and 5 per 1,000 and extremely high prevalence local authorities as those with a diagnosed HIV prevalence of 5 or more per 1,000 people aged 15 to 59 years.When this is applied to national late HIV diagnosis data, it shows that two-thirds of late HIV diagnoses occur in high-prevalence and extremely-high-prevalence local authorities. This means that if this recommendation is successfully applied in high and extremely-high-prevalence areas, it could potentially affect two-thirds of late diagnoses nationally.Local authorities should find out their diagnosed prevalence published in UKHSA's http://fingertips.phe.org.uk/profile/sexualhealth , as well as that of surrounding areas and adapt their strategy for HIV testing using the national guidelines.Commissioners can use these data to plan and ensure access to comprehensive and specialist local HIV care and treatment for HIV diagnosed individuals according to the http://www.medfash.org.uk/uploads/files/p17abl6hvc4p71ovpkr81ugsh60v.pdf and http://www.bhiva.org/monitoring-guidelines.aspx .Definition of numeratorThe number of people (aged 15 to 59 years) living with a diagnosed HIV infection and accessing HIV care at an NHS service in the UK and who are resident in England.Definition of denominatorResident population aged 15 to 59.The denominators for 2011 to 2023 are taken from the respective 2011 to 2023 Office for National Statistics (ONS) revised population estimates from the 2021 Census.Further details on the ONS census are available from the https://www.ons.gov.uk/census .CaveatsData is presented by geographical area of residence. Where data on residence were unavailable, residence have been assigned to the local health area of care.Every effort is made to ensure accuracy and completeness of the data, including web-based reporting with integrated checks on data quality. The overall data quality is high as the dataset is used for commissioning purposes and for the national allocation of funding. However, responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of data lies with the reporting service.Data is as reported but rely on ‘record linkage’ to integrate data and ‘de-duplication’ to prevent double counting of the same individual. The data may not be representative in areas where residence information is not known for a significant proportion of people accessing HIV care.Data supplied for previous years are updated on an annual basis due to clinic or laboratory resubmissions and improvements to data cleaning. Data may therefore differ from previous publications.Values are benchmarked against set thresholds and categorised into the following groups: <2 (low), 2 to 5 (high) and≥5 (extremely high). These have been determined by developments in national testing guidelines.The data reported in 2020 and 2021 is impacted by the reconfiguration of sexual health services during the national response to COVID-19.

Reports of Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnoses, diseases and deaths in HIV-infected persons

Measure the proportion of undiagnosed HIV prevalence in GUM clinics

Association of time-updated factors with incident HIV among 622 GBMSM who completed at least 1 online follow-up questionnaire, 2013–2018*.

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that damages the cells in your immune system and weakens your ability to fight everyday infections and disease. AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) is the name used to describe a number of potentially life-threatening infections and illnesses that happen when your immune system has been severely damaged by the HIV virus. While AIDS cannot be transmitted from 1 person to another, the HIV virus can.Free and effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the UK has transformed HIV from a fatal infection into a chronic but manageable condition. People living with HIV in the UK can now expect to have a near normal life expectancy if diagnosed promptly and they adhere to treatment. In addition, those on treatment are unable to pass on HIV, even if having unprotected sex (undetectable=untransmissible [U=U]).Data reported in 2020 were impacted by the changes in how people accessed health services, and their reconfiguration during the COVID-19 pandemic, which also resulted in data reporting delays.In 2020, an estimated 97,740 (95% credible interval (95% Crl) 96,400 to 100,060) people were living with HIV in England and an estimated 4,660 in 2020 (95%CrI 3,640 to 6,980) were unaware of their infection.[1] The quality of care received by people living with HIV remained high. For the first time, the UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets[2] were met with 95% of all people diagnosed, 99% of those in care on treatment and 97% of those receiving treatment being virally suppressed in both the UK and England. This means that 91% of all people living with HIV and accessing care were virally suppressed in 2020, surpassing the 73% UNAIDS 90-90-90 substantial target as well as the 86% UNAIDS 95-95-95 substantial target.Overall, 98% (80,250 out of 82,061) of people living with HIV in England with a viral load reported in 2021 were virally suppressed; slightly higher than the proportion of viral suppression seen in both 2019 and 2020 (97%). The number of people living with HIV who were virally suppressed in 2021 (80,250) exceeded the total in both 2019 and 2020 (79,242 and 70,632, respectively).In 2021, 2,955 people were newly diagnosed with HIV in the UK (includes people previously diagnosed abroad), of whom 90% (2,692) were diagnosed in England. The number of all new HIV diagnoses in the UK, decreased by 0.2% from 2,961 in 2020 and a 33%decreasedl from 4,408 in 2019. For England, the equivalent figures were a 0.7% rise from 2,673 (2020) and a 33% fall from 4,017 (2019).

HIV incidence among GBMSM participating in the AURAH2 prospective study, 2013–2019.

All new STI diagnoses among people accessing sexual health services* in England. Data represent STI diagnoses among people who are resident in England. Data is presented by area of patient residence and include those residents in England and those with an unknown residence (data for those residents outside of England is not included). Data is expressed as a rate per 100,000 population.*Sexual health services providing STI related care (Levels 1, 2 or 3). Further details on the levels of sexual healthcare provision are provided in the Standards for the Management of STIs.

Rationale A summary figure of all new STI diagnoses.

Definition of numerator The number of new STI diagnoses among people accessing sexual health services in England who are also residents in England.STI data excluding chlamydia is sourced from the GUMCAD STI Surveillance System (Levels 2 and 3). GUMCAD data is reported by SHSs providing STI related care (Levels 2 or 3). Chlamydia data is sourced from GUMCAD (Level 3) and CTAD Chlamydia Surveillance System (Levels 1 and 2), UKHSA. CTAD data is reported by laboratories conducting testing for any service (Levels 1, 2 or 3) providing chlamydia testing.The Episode Activity codes (SNOMED or Sexual Health and HIV Activity Property Types (SHHAPT)) relating to diagnosis of: chancroid, Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV), donovanosis, chlamydia, gonorrhoea, first episode anogenital herpes, new HIV diagnosis, molluscum contagiosum, non-specific genital infection (NSGI), pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and epididymitis: non-specific, scabies and pediculosis pubis, syphilis (primary, secondary and early latent), trichomoniasis, first episode genital warts were used.In 2015, the new STI diagnoses group was expanded to include new codes that were not previously reported via GUMCADv2. The new codes include: Mycoplasma genitalium (C16); Shigella: flexneri, sonnei and unspecified (SG1, SG2, SG3).The clinical criteria used to diagnose the conditions are given at https://www.bashh.org/guidelines .Data was de-duplicated to ensure that a patient received a diagnostic code only once for each episode. Patients cannot be tracked between services and therefore de-duplication relies on patient consultations at a single service.

Definition of denominator The denominators for 2012 to 2022 are sourced from Office for National Statistics (ONS) population estimates based on the 2021 Census.Population estimates for 2023 were not available at the time of publication – therefore rates for 2023 are calculated using estimates from 2022 as a proxy.Further details on the ONS census are available from the https://www.ons.gov.uk/census .Caveats Every effort is made to ensure accuracy and completeness of GUMCAD data, including web-based reporting with integrated checks on data quality. However, responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of data lies with the reporting service.Data is updated on an annual basis due to clinic or laboratory resubmissions and improvements to data cleaning. Data may differ from previous publications.Figures reported in 2020 and 2021 are notably lower than previous years due to the disruption to SHSs during the national response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Access front-end to an ORACLE database containing hepatitis, HIV and HTLV testing data

Unlinked anonymous Serosurveys of HIV prevalence (diagnosed and undiagnosed infections) - Neonatal dried blood spots

All infectious syphilis (primary, secondary and early latent) diagnoses among people accessing sexual health services* in England who are also residents in England, expressed as a rate per 100,000 population. Data is presented by area of patient residence and includes those residents in England and those with an unknown residence (data for those residents outside of England is not included).*Sexual health services providing STI related care (Levels 2 and 3). Further details on the levels of sexual healthcare provision are provided in the https://www.bashh.org/about-bashh/publications/standards-for-the-management-of-stis/ .RationaleSyphilis is an important public health issue in men who have sex with men (MSM) among whom incidence has increased over the past decade.Definition of numeratorThe number of infectious syphilis (primary, secondary and early latent) diagnoses among people accessing sexual health services in England who are also residents in England.Episode Activity codes (SNOMED or Sexual Health and HIV Activity Property Types (SHHAPT)) relating to diagnosis of infectious syphilis (primary, secondary and early latent) were used. The clinical criteria used to diagnose the conditions are given at https://www.bashh.org/guidelines .Data was de-duplicated to ensure that a patient received a diagnostic code only once for each episode. Patients cannot be tracked between clinics and therefore de-duplication relies on patient consultations at a single service.Definition of denominatorThe denominators for 2012 to 2022 are sourced from Office for National Statistics (ONS) population estimates based on the 2021 Census.Population estimates for 2023 were not available at the time of publication – therefore rates for 2023 are calculated using estimates from 2022 as a proxy.Further details on the ONS census are available from the https://www.ons.gov.uk/census .CaveatsEvery effort is made to ensure accuracy and completeness of GUMCAD data, including web-based reporting with integrated checks on data quality. However, responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of data lies with the reporting service.Data is updated on an annual basis due to clinic or laboratory resubmissions and improvements to data cleaning. Data may differ from previous publications.Figures reported in 2020 and 2021 are notably lower than previous years due to the disruption to SHSs during the national response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

All diagnoses of first episode genital herpes among people accessing sexual health services* in England who are also residents in England, expressed as a rate per 100,000 population. Data is presented by area of patient residence and include those residents in England and those with an unknown residence (data for those residents outside of England is not included).*Sexual health services providing STI related care (Levels 2 and 3). Further details on the levels of sexual healthcare provision are provided in the https://www.bashh.org/about-bashh/publications/standards-for-the-management-of-stis/ .RationaleGenital herpes is the most common ulcerative sexually transmitted infection seen in England. Infections are frequently due to herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2, although HSV-1 infection is also seen. Recurrent infections are common with patients returning for treatment.Definition of numeratorThe number of diagnoses of genital herpes (first episode) among people accessing sexual health services in England who are also residents in England.Episode Activity codes (SNOMED or Sexual Health and HIV Activity Property Types (SHHAPT)) relating to diagnosis of genital herpes (first episode) were used. The clinical criteria used to diagnose the conditions are given at https://www.bashh.org/guidelines .Data was de-duplicated to ensure that a patient received a diagnostic code only once for each episode. Patients cannot be tracked between services and therefore de-duplication relies on patient consultations at a single service.Definition of denominatorThe denominators for 2012 to 2022 are sourced from Office for National Statistics (ONS) population estimates based on the 2021 Census.Population estimates for 2023 were not available at the time of publication – therefore rates for 2023 are calculated using estimates from 2022 as a proxy.Further details on the ONS census are available from the https://www.ons.gov.uk/census .CaveatsEvery effort is made to ensure accuracy and completeness of GUMCAD data, including web-based reporting with integrated checks on data quality. However, responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of data lies with the reporting service.Data is updated on an annual basis due to clinic or laboratory resubmissions and improvements to data cleaning. Data may differ from previous publications.Figures reported in 2020 and 2021 are notably lower than previous years due to the disruption to SHSs during the national response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Public use dataset from the Consortium for the Evaluation and Performance of HIV Incidence Assays (CEPHIA)'s evaluations of HIV recency assays. Samples tested by CEPHIA were obtained from numerous collaborators. See the acknowledgements below:

Funding

CEPHIA was supported by grants from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1017716 to G.M., OPP1062806 to C.D.P. and OPP1115799). Additional support for analysis was provided by a grant from the US National Institutes of Health (R34 MH096606 to C.D.P.) and by the South African Department of Science and Technology and the National Research Foundation. Specimen and data collection were funded in part by grants from the NIH (P01 AI071713, R01 HD074511, P30 AI027763, R24 AI067039, U01 AI043638, P01 AI074621 and R24 AI106039); the HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) sponsored by the NIAID, National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development (NICH/HD), National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institute of Mental Health, and Office of AIDS Research, of the NIH, DHHS (UM1 AI068613 and R01 AI095068); the California HIV-1 Research Program (RN07-SD-702); Brazilian Program for STD and AIDS, Ministry of Health (914/BRA/3014-UNESCO); and the São Paulo City Health Department (2004-0.168.922– 7). Selected samples from International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI)-supported cohorts were funded by IAVI with the generous support of USAID and other donors; a full list of IAVI donors is available at www.iavi.org.

Acknowledgements

The Consortium for the Evaluation and Performance of HIV Incidence Assays (CEPHIA) comprises: Alex Welte, Joseph Sempa, formerly: David Matten, Hilmarie ́ Brand, Trust Chiba- wara (South African Centre for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis, Stellenbosch Univer- sity); Gary Murphy, Jake Hall, formerly: Elaine Mckinney (Public Health England); Michael P. Busch, Eduard Grebe, Shelley Facente, Dylan Hampton, Sheila Keating, formerly: Mila Lebe- deva (Vitalant Research Institute, formerly Blood Systems Research Institute); Christopher D. Pilcher, Kara Marson (University of California San Francisco); Reshma Kassanjee (University of Cape Town); Oliver Laeyendecker, Thomas Quinn, David Burns (National Institutes of Health); Susan Little (University of California San Diego); Anita Sands (World Health Organi- zation); Tim Hallett (Imperial College London); Sherry Michele Owen, Bharat Parekh, Connie Sexton (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention); Matthew Price, Anatoli Kamali (Interna- tional AIDS Vaccine Initiative); Lisa Loeb (The Options Study—University of California San Francisco); Jeffrey Martin, Steven G Deeks, Rebecca Hoh (The SCOPE Study—University of California San Francisco); Zelinda Bartolomei, Natalia Cerqueira (The AMPLIAR Cohort— University of São Paulo); Breno Santos, Kellin Zabtoski, Rita de Cassia Alves Lira (The AMPLIAR Cohort—Grupo Hospital Conceic ̧ão); Rosa Dea Sperhacke, Leonardo R Motta, Machline Paganella (The AMPLIAR Cohort—Universidade Caxias Do Sul); Esper Kallas, Helena Tomiyama, Claudia Tomiyama, Priscilla Costa, Maria A Nunes, Gisele Reis, Mariana M Sauer, Natalia Cerqueira, Zelinda Nakagawa, Lilian Ferrari, Ana P Amaral, Karine Milani (The São Paulo Cohort—University of São Paulo, Brazil); Salim S Abdool Karim, Quarraisha Abdool Karim, Thumbi Ndungu, Nelisile Majola, Natasha Samsunder (CAPRISA, University of Kwazulu-Natal); Denise Naniche (The GAMA Study—Barcelona Centre for International Health Research); Ina ́cio Mandomando, Eusebio V Macete (The GAMA Study—Fundacao Manhica); Jorge Sanchez, Javier Lama (SABES Cohort—Asociacio ́n Civil Impacta Salud y Educacio ́n (IMPACTA)); Ann Duerr (The Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center); Maria R Capobianchi (National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani”, Rome); Barbara Suligoi (Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome); Susan Stramer (American Red Cross); Phillip Wil- liamson (Creative Testing Solutions / Vitalant Research Institute); Marion Vermeulen (South African National Blood Service); and Ester Sabino (Hemocentro do São Paolo).

United Kingdom UK: Contraceptive Prevalence: Any Methods: % of Women Aged 15-49 data was reported at 84.000 % in 2009. This records an increase from the previous number of 82.000 % for 2008. United Kingdom UK: Contraceptive Prevalence: Any Methods: % of Women Aged 15-49 data is updated yearly, averaging 82.000 % from Dec 1976 (Median) to 2009, with 20 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 84.000 % in 2009 and a record low of 69.000 % in 1989. United Kingdom UK: Contraceptive Prevalence: Any Methods: % of Women Aged 15-49 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.World Bank.WDI: Health Statistics. Contraceptive prevalence rate is the percentage of women who are practicing, or whose sexual partners are practicing, any form of contraception. It is usually measured for women ages 15-49 who are married or in union.; ; UNICEF's State of the World's Children and Childinfo, United Nations Population Division's World Contraceptive Use, household surveys including Demographic and Health Surveys and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys.; Weighted average; Contraceptive prevalence amongst women of reproductive age is an indicator of women's empowerment and is related to maternal health, HIV/AIDS, and gender equality.

Baseline characteristics and association with incident HIV among 1,162 GBMSM participating in the AURAH2 prospective study, 2013–2019*.

The NHS Infectious Diseases in Pregnancy Screening (IDPS) programme aims to identify and manage infections such as HIV, hepatitis B, and syphilis in pregnant women. Early detection and treatment can significantly reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission, ensuring better health outcomes for both mother and baby. This dataset focuses on the key performance indicator (KPI) ID1, which measures the coverage of HIV screening in pregnant women.

Rationale The IDPS programme is crucial for preventing the vertical transmission of infectious diseases from mother to child. Early identification and treatment of HIV can prevent serious health complications for both the mother and the baby. The programme ensures that all pregnant women are offered screening, promoting equitable access to essential healthcare services.

Definition of numerator The numerator for this dataset includes the number of pregnant women who have undergone HIV screening within the specified timeframes. This figure represents the total number of HIV screenings conducted during the reporting period.

Definition of denominator The denominator for this dataset includes the total number of pregnancies within the reporting period. This figure provides the context for understanding the coverage and reach of the screening programme, allowing for the calculation of screening uptake rates.

Caveats There are several caveats to consider when interpreting this dataset. Firstly, the accuracy of the data depends on the completeness and quality of the records maintained by healthcare providers. Secondly, some infections may not be detectable within the initial screening period and may only become apparent later. Lastly, variations in screening practices and follow-up procedures across different regions may impact the consistency of the data.

BackgroundTo examine the effect of Sexual Health in Practice (SHIP) training for general practitioners (GPs) on HIV testing rates in Haringey, a deprived area of London, UK, with a population of over 250,000 and HIV prevalence of 0.7% (in 2014). SHIP is an educational intervention delivering peer-developed and peer-led face-to-face training to improve quality of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) care.MethodsWe carried out a quasi-experimental study of intervention effects across 52 GP practices (2008–2016). We used time variation in SHIP intervention exposure for effect estimation, controlling for practice and calendar month fixed effects in panel analysis. From 2008–2010, baseline data were collected, and in the subsequent six-year period, 78 GPs in Haringey (approximately 40% of all GPs) were SHIP trained. 46 Haringey practices (of 52) had at least one trained doctor. Outcome measures were monthly HIV tests and results by practice (obtained from the hospital laboratories).ResultsSHIP significantly increased HIV testing; for every GP trained, practice HIV testing rates increased by 16% (testing rate ratio (TRR) 1.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05–1.28, p value 0.004). This significant effect was demonstrated using an 8-year observation period, and was sustained over the post-intervention period. An average of 1.42% of HIV tests were positive.ConclusionSHIP training produces a significant and sustained increase in HIV testing for each GP trained. Compared with general population screening, HIV tests used in routine clinical care have a high probability of detecting a positive person. Unlike an RCT, this evaluation is a ‘real life’ measure of the effect that commissioners of SHIP could expect in comparable areas of the UK. The effectiveness of the SHIP training may be related to the programme components not included in interventions that did not demonstrate an effect, such as peer-led teaching, and use of approaches to communication and rapid risk assessment tailored to the setting.

United Kingdom UK: Incidence of Tuberculosis: per 100,000 People data was reported at 9.900 Ratio in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 10.000 Ratio for 2015. United Kingdom UK: Incidence of Tuberculosis: per 100,000 People data is updated yearly, averaging 13.000 Ratio from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2016, with 17 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 15.000 Ratio in 2011 and a record low of 9.900 Ratio in 2016. United Kingdom UK: Incidence of Tuberculosis: per 100,000 People data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.World Bank.WDI: Health Statistics. Incidence of tuberculosis is the estimated number of new and relapse tuberculosis cases arising in a given year, expressed as the rate per 100,000 population. All forms of TB are included, including cases in people living with HIV. Estimates for all years are recalculated as new information becomes available and techniques are refined, so they may differ from those published previously.; ; World Health Organization, Global Tuberculosis Report.; Weighted average;