This report presents information on obesity, physical activity and diet drawn together from a variety of sources for England. More information can be found in the source publications which contain a wider range of data and analysis. Each section provides an overview of key findings, as well as providing links to relevant documents and sources. Some of the data have been published previously by NHS Digital. A data visualisation tool (link provided within the key facts) allows users to select obesity related hospital admissions data for any Local Authority (as contained in the data tables), along with time series data from 2013/14. Regional and national comparisons are also provided.

• to provide annual data about the nation’s health;
• to estimate the proportion of people in England with specified health conditions;
• to estimate the prevalence of certain risk factors associated with these conditions;
• to examine differences between population subgroups in their likelihood of having specific conditions or risk factors;
• to assess the frequency with which particular combinations of risk factors are found, and which groups these combinations most commonly occur;
• to monitor progress towards selected health targets
• since 1995, to measure the height of children at different ages, replacing the National Study of Health and Growth;
• since 1995, monitor the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children.

The survey includes a number of core questions every year but also focuses on different health issues at each wave. Topics are revisited at appropriate intervals in order to monitor change.

Further information about the series may be found on the NHS Digital Health Survey for England; health, social care and lifestyles webpage, the NatCen Social Research NatCen Health Survey for England webpage and the University College London Health and Social Surveys Research Group UCL Health Survey for England webpage.

Changes to the HSE from 2015:
Users should note that from 2015 survey onwards, only the individual data file is available under standard End User Licence (EUL). The household data file is now only included in the Special Licence (SL) version, released from 2015 onwards. In addition, the SL individual file contains all the variables included in the HSE EUL dataset, plus others, including variables removed from the EUL version after the NHS Digital disclosure review. The SL HSE is subject to more restrictive access conditions than the EUL version (see Access information). Users are advised to obtain the EUL version to see if it meets their needs before considering an application for the SL version.

COVID-19 and the HSE:
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the HSE 2020 survey was stopped in March 2020 and never re-started. There was no publication that year. The survey resumed in 2021, albeit with an amended methodology. The full HSE resumed in 2022, with an extended fieldwork period. Due to this, the decision was taken not to progress with the 2023 survey, to maximise the 2022 survey response and enable more robust reporting of data. See the NHS Digital Health Survey for England - Health, social care and lifestyles webpage for more details.

The Health Survey for England, 2017: Special Licence Access is available from the UK Data Archive under SN 9084.

Latest edition information:
For the third edition (May 2023), a number of corrections were made to the data file and the data documentation file. Further information is available in the documentation file '8488_hse_2017_eul_v3_corrections_to_ukds.pdf’.

The prevalence of obesity among adults in England has been generally been trending upwards since 2000. In that year, 21 percent of men and women in England were classified as obese. However, by 2022 this share was 30 percent among women and 28 percent among men. Obesity causing strain on health service As the prevalence of obesity is increasing in England, the number of hospital admissions as a result of obesity has also increased. In the period 2019/20, around eight thousand women and nearly 2.7 thousand men were admitted to hospital. A huge rise from the admission levels fifteen years previously. The highest number of admissions due to obesity were found in the age group 45 to 54 years, with over 3.1 thousand admissions in that age group. Situation in Scotland In Scotland in 2022, the mean Body Mass Index of women was 28.1 and for men it was 27.9. A BMI of over 25 is classed as overweight. While the prevalence of obesity or morbid obesity in Scotland in 2020 was 30 percent among women and 26 percent among men.

The Health Survey for England series was designed to monitor trends in the nation's health; estimating the proportion of people in England who have specified health conditions, and the prevalence of risk factors and behaviours associated with these conditions. The surveys provide regular information that cannot be obtained from other sources. The surveys have been carried out since 1994 by the Joint Health Surveys Unit of NatCen Social Research and the Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health at UCL. Each survey in the series includes core questions, e.g. about alcohol and smoking, and measurements (such as blood pressure, height and weight, and analysis of blood and saliva samples), and modules of questions on topics that vary from year to year. The trend tables show data for available years between 1993 and 2016 for adults (defined as age 16 and over) and for children. The survey samples cover the population living in private households in England. In 2016 the sample contained 8,011 adults and 2,056 children and 5,049 adults and 1,117 children had a nurse visit. We would very much like your feedback about whether some proposed changes to the publications would be helpful and if the publications meet your needs. This will help us shape the design of future publications to ensure they remain informative and useful. Please answer our reader feedback survey on Citizen Space which is open until 18 June 2018.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.

The Health Survey for England (HSE) is a series of surveys designed to monitor trends in the nation's health. It was commissioned by NHS Digital and carried out by the Joint Health Surveys Unit of the National Centre for Social Research and the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health at University College London.
The aims of the HSE series are:

• to provide annual data about the nation's health;
• to estimate the proportion of people in England with specified health conditions;
• to estimate the prevalence of certain risk factors associated with these conditions;
• to examine differences between population subgroups in their likelihood of having specific conditions or risk factors;
• to assess the frequency with which particular combinations of risk factors are found, and which groups these combinations most commonly occur;
• to monitor progress towards selected health targets
• since 1995, to measure the height of children at different ages, replacing the National Study of Health and Growth;
• since 1995, monitor the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children.

The survey includes a number of core questions every year but also focuses on different health issues at each wave. Topics are revisited at appropriate intervals in order to monitor change.

Further information about the series may be found on the NHS Digital Health Survey for England; health, social care and lifestyles webpage, the NatCen Social Research NatCen Health Survey for England webpage and the University College London Health and Social Surveys Research Group UCL Health Survey for England webpage.

Changes to the HSE from 2015:
Users should note that from 2015 survey onwards, only the individual data file is available under standard End User Licence (EUL). The household data file is now only included in the Special Licence (SL) version, released from 2015 onwards. In addition, the SL individual file contains all the variables included in the HSE EUL dataset, plus others, including variables removed from the EUL version after the NHS Digital disclosure review. The SL version of the dataset contains variables with a higher disclosure risk or are more sensitive than those included in the EUL version and is subject to more restrictive access conditions (see Access information). Users are advised to obtain the EUL version to see if it meets their needs before considering an application for the SL version.

COVID-19 and the HSE:
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the HSE 2020 survey was stopped in March 2020 and never re-started. There was no publication that year. The survey resumed in 2021, albeit with an amended methodology. The full HSE resumed in 2022, with an extended fieldwork period. Due to this, the decision was taken not to progress with the 2023 survey, to maximise the 2022 survey response and enable more robust reporting of data. See the NHS Digital Health Survey for England - Health, social care and lifestyles webpage for more details.

The Health Survey for England, 2017 EUL version is available from the UK Data Archive under SN 8488.
Main Topics:

The data covers the following:

Core topics:                        

• General health
• Longstanding illness
• Average weekly alcohol consumption
• Smoking
• Drinking (heaviest day in last week)
• Fruit and vegetable consumption
• Consent to data linkage (NHS central register, HES)
• Socio-economic information: sex, age, income, education, employment
• Prescribed medications (nurse)

Additional topics:

• Physical activity...

SUMMARYIdentifies Middle Layer Super Output Areas (MSOAs) with the greatest levels of excess weight in children (as measured in children in Reception and Year 6 respectively: three year average between academic years 2016/17, 2017/18, 2018/19).Although this layer is symbolised based on an overall score for excess weight, the underlying data, including the raw data for Reception and Year 6 children respectively, is included in the dataset.ANALYSIS METHODOLOGYThe following analysis was carried out using data for Reception and Year 6 children independently:Each MSOA was given a relative score between 1 and 0 (1 = worst, 0 = best) based on:A) the NUMBER of children in that year group with excess weight and;B) the PERCENTAGE of children in that year group with excess weight.An average of scores A & B was taken, and converted to a relative score between 1 and 0 (1= worst, 0 = best). The closer to 1 the score, the greater both the number and percentage of children with excess weight, compared to other MSOAs, within that year group. In other words, those are areas where a large number of children have excess weight, and where those children make up a large percentage of the population of that age group, suggesting there is a real issue with childhood obesity in that area that needs addressing.The scores for the Reception and Year 6 analyses were added together then converted to relative scores between 1- 0 (1 = high levels of excess weight in children in both Reception and Year 6, 0 = very low levels of excess weight in either school year). The greater the total score, the greater the levels of excess weight in children within the local population, and the greater the benefits that could be achieved by investing in measures to reduce this issue in those areas.The data overall scores for Reception and Year 6 children, respectively, can be viewed via the following datasets:Excess weight in Reception children, England (three year average: academic years 2016-19)Excess weight in Year 6 children, England (three year average: academic years 2016-19)DATA SOURCESNational Child Measurement Programme: Copyright © 2020, Health and Social Care Information Centre. The Health and Social Care Information Centre is a non-departmental body created by statute, also known as NHS Digital. MSOA boundaries: © Office for National Statistics licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right 2021.COPYRIGHT NOTICEBased on data: Copyright © 2020, Health and Social Care Information Centre. The Health and Social Care Information Centre is a non-departmental body created by statute, also known as NHS Digital.; © Office for National Statistics licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right 2021. Data analysed and published by Ribble Rivers Trust © 2021.CaBA HEALTH & WELLBEING EVIDENCE BASEThis dataset forms part of the wider CaBA Health and Wellbeing Evidence Base.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.The Health Survey for England (HSE) is a series of surveys designed to monitor trends in the nation's health. It was commissioned by NHS Digital and carried out by the Joint Health Surveys Unit of the National Centre for Social Research and the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health at University College London.The aims of the HSE series are:to provide annual data about the nation’s health;to estimate the proportion of people in England with specified health conditions;to estimate the prevalence of certain risk factors associated with these conditions;to examine differences between population subgroups in their likelihood of having specific conditions or risk factors;to assess the frequency with which particular combinations of risk factors are found, and which groups these combinations most commonly occur;to monitor progress towards selected health targetssince 1995, to measure the height of children at different ages, replacing the National Study of Health and Growth;since 1995, monitor the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children.The survey includes a number of core questions every year but also focuses on different health issues at each wave. Topics are revisited at appropriate intervals in order to monitor change. Further information about the series may be found on the NHS Digital Health Survey for England; health, social care and lifestyles webpage, the NatCen Social Research NatCen Health Survey for England webpage and the University College London Health and Social Surveys Research Group UCL Health Survey for England webpage. Changes to the HSE from 2015:Users should note that from 2015 survey onwards, only the individual data file is available under standard End User Licence (EUL). The household data file is now only included in the Special Licence (SL) version, released from 2015 onwards. In addition, the SL individual file contains all the variables included in the HSE EUL dataset, plus others, including variables removed from the EUL version after the NHS Digital disclosure review. The SL HSE is subject to more restrictive access conditions than the EUL version (see Access information). Users are advised to obtain the EUL version to see if it meets their needs before considering an application for the SL version. For the fifth edition (August 2017), a new version of the individual data file was deposited. A Government Office Region variable has been added, and some previous health authority and socio-economic variables removed. Main Topics: The survey had two separate elements: an interviewer visit and a nurse visit. At the first visit all respondents aged 13 and over were asked to give a CAPI (computed assisted) interview on a range of health related topics. Parents/Guardians of 2-12 year olds were interviewed about the child. The interview collected information relating to respondents' history of respiratory and atopic conditions, non-fatal accidents and general health. Adults were questioned about smoking and drinking behaviour. All respondents aged 8 and over were then asked to complete a booklet. For adults and young adults (from the age of 16) these self-completion documents contained further modules on general health, specifically the SF-36 and EuroQol questionnaires. 8-17 year olds completed questions on smoking and drinking experiences. At the end of the interview, all respondents were asked to have their height and weight measured. A limited amount of proxy information was obtained, where possible, about those unwilling or unable to take part in the survey. Those who agreed to the second visit, made later by a nurse, were then surveyed about their use of prescribed medications. Then, if the respondent was willing, further anthropometric measurements (i.e. demi-span, mid-upper arm circumference) were taken, their blood pressure was measured and they provided a blood sample (which was analysed for IgE, house dust mite IgE, cotinine for adults and for children, ferritin, and haemoglobin). Children aged 4-15 were asked to give a saliva sample for the analysis of cotinine. Data on age at death, date of death and causes of death (ICD codes) are also included for those respondents known to have died. Multi-stage stratified random sample Face-to-face interview Self-completion Clinical measurements Physical measurements CAPI 1996 ACCIDENTS ADVANCED LEVEL EXAM... ADVANCED SUPPLEMENT... ADVICE AGE ALCOHOL USE ALCOHOLIC DRINKS ALLERGIES ANTHROPOMETRIC DATA ANXIETY APPOINTMENT TO JOB APPRENTICESHIP ASTHMA ATTITUDES BEDROOMS BICYCLES BLOOD BUSINESS AND TECHNO... CARDIOVASCULAR DISE... CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM CARE OF DEPENDANTS CAUSES OF DEATH CERTIFICATE OF SECO... CERTIFICATE OF SIXT... CHILDREN CITY AND GUILDS OF ... CLINICAL TESTS AND ... COUGHING DEGREES DEPRESSION DISABILITIES DISABLED PERSONS DISEASES DOMESTIC RESPONSIBI... DRUG USE ECONOMIC ACTIVITY EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND EMPLOYEES EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT HISTORY ETHNIC GROUPS EXAMINATIONS EXERCISE PHYSICAL A... England FAMILIES FAMILY MEMBERS FATHERS FATIGUE PHYSIOLOGY FOOD SUPPLEMENTS FRIENDS FRIENDSHIP FULL TIME EMPLOYMENT FURNISHED ACCOMMODA... GENDER GENERAL CERTIFICATE... GENERAL PRACTITIONERS General health and ... HAPPINESS HEADS OF HOUSEHOLD HEALTH HEALTH CONSULTATIONS HEALTH PROFESSIONALS HEART DISEASES HEATING SYSTEMS HEIGHT PHYSIOLOGY HIGHER EDUCATION IN... HOME OWNERSHIP HOSPITAL OUTPATIENT... HOSPITAL SERVICES HOSPITALIZATION HOUSEHOLD PETS HOUSEHOLDS HOUSING HOUSING CONDITIONS HOUSING TENURE Health care service... INDUSTRIAL INJURIES INDUSTRIES INJURIES JOB DESCRIPTION JOB HUNTING LANDLORDS MANAGERS MARITAL STATUS MEDICAL CARE MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS MEDICAL HISTORY MEDICAL PRESCRIPTIONS MORTALITY MOTHERS MOTOR PROCESSES MOTOR VEHICLES NEIGHBOURHOODS OCCUPATIONAL QUALIF... OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY OCCUPATIONS ORDINARY LEVEL EXAM... PAIN PARENTS PART TIME EMPLOYMENT PASSIVE SMOKING PATIENTS PERSONAL PROTECTIVE... PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES PHYSICIANS PLACE OF BIRTH PREGNANCY PROFESSIONAL CONSUL... QUALIFICATIONS RENTED ACCOMMODATION RESPIRATORY TRACT D... RETIREMENT ROAD ACCIDENTS SCOTTISH CERTIFICAT... SELF EMPLOYED SELF ESTEEM SICK LEAVE SICK PERSONS SKIN DISEASES SLEEP SMOKING SMOKING CESSATION SOCIAL HOUSING SOCIAL SECURITY BEN... SOCIAL SUPPORT SPORT STRESS PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDENTS SUPERVISORS SURGERY SYMPTOMS TEACHER QUALIFICATIONS TELEPHONES TIED HOUSING TOBACCO TOP MANAGEMENT TRANSPORT ACCIDENTS UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYMENT UNFURNISHED ACCOMMO... VITAMINS VOCATIONAL EDUCATIO... WALKING WEIGHT PHYSIOLOGY YOUTH

SUMMARYIdentifies Middle Layer Super Output Areas (MSOAs) with the greatest levels of excess weight in Reception age children (three year average between academic years 2016/17, 2017/18, 2018/19).Although this layer is symbolised based on an overall score for excess weight, the underlying data, including the raw data for Reception children, is included in the dataset.ANALYSIS METHODOLOGYEach MSOA was given a relative score between 1 and 0 (1 = worst, 0 = best) based on:A) the NUMBER of Reception children with excess weight and;B) the PERCENTAGE of Reception children with excess weight.An average of scores A & B was taken, and converted to a relative score between 1 and 0 (1= worst, 0 = best). The closer to 1 the score, the greater both the number and percentage of Reception children with excess weight, compared to other MSOAs. In other words, those are areas where a large number of children have excess weight, and where those children make up a large percentage of the population of that age group, suggesting there is a real issue with childhood obesity in that area that needs addressing.DATA SOURCESNational Child Measurement Programme: Copyright © 2020, Health and Social Care Information Centre. The Health and Social Care Information Centre is a non-departmental body created by statute, also known as NHS Digital. MSOA boundaries: © Office for National Statistics licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right 2021.COPYRIGHT NOTICEBased on data: Copyright © 2020, Health and Social Care Information Centre. The Health and Social Care Information Centre is a non-departmental body created by statute, also known as NHS Digital.; © Office for National Statistics licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right 2021. Data analysed and published by Ribble Rivers Trust © 2021.CaBA HEALTH & WELLBEING EVIDENCE BASEThis dataset forms part of the wider CaBA Health and Wellbeing Evidence Base.

In 2017, the market share of fresh fruit juice amounted to 39.6 percent of all fruit juice consumed in the United Kingdom (UK). That constituted a significant increase from 27.8 percent in 2007. The source defines fresh fruit juice as juice that is not reconstituted from concentrate and therefore has a fruit juice content of one hundred percent.

The Sugar Backlash

The increasing number of scientific research linking sugar consumption with obesity and a number of negative health consequences has resulted in a downward trend in fruit juice consumption in the European Union. In the United Kingdom, such adverse consumers’ attitude towards sugar content in soft drinks was reflected in a survey conducted in 2016. It was found that 43 percent of responding individuals reported avoiding added sugars and 13 percent stated that they refrained from consumption of products containing sugar at all costs.

The UK Market

Despite fruit juices being exempt from a sugar tax introduced in 2016 by the UK Government, the fruit juice market has continued to experience a major decrease. Total consumption decreased from over 1.1 billion liters in 2012 to approximately 900 million liters in 2017. However, seasonally adjusted figures illustrating annual household expenditure on fruit juices, vegetable juices and other soft drinks indicate an upward trend.

This statistic presents the annual turnover of fitness facilities in the United Kingdom (UK) from 2008 to 2018. Growth Demonstrating consistent growth throughout this period the annual turnover of fitness facilities in the UK reached its greatest value ever in 2018 at over 2 billion British pounds. This trend can be seen across the UK fitness industry with Germany and the United Kingdom exhibiting the two largest national fitness markets in Europe with total revenues of about 5.3 billion euros each. Between 2017 and 2018, the total revenue of the UK fitness increased by 168 million euros. From this statistic it can be seen that a significant majority of this increase is attributable to the annual turnover of fitness facilities. Health and well-being This growth in revenue is largely due to increased participation as a result of increasing awareness of the benefits of exercise on both physical and mental health. The consequences of a sedentary lifestyle is particularly relevant considering the prevalence of adolescent obesity in the UK. As such increased government spending can be observed throughout the health and fitness industry to address increasing public health concerns. Further information about sports in the UK can be found in the Dossier: Fitness industry in the United Kingdom.

The National Diabetes Audit (NDA) and the National Paediatric Diabetes Audit (NPDA) provide a comprehensive view of diabetes care in England and Wales. They measure the effectiveness of diabetes healthcare against National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) Clinical Guidelines and NICE Quality Standards. This is the second Young People with Type 2 Diabetes report (1). It aims to document the number of people with type 2 diabetes up to the age of 40 years, their patient characteristics and the diabetes care they receive. This is important because adverse diabetes and cardiovascular outcomes are more common in people who develop type 2 diabetes at an earlier age and it is thought the numbers of affected individuals are increasing (2,3).