The countries with the highest benefits from smart public services when costs are deducted in absolute terms are Germany, France and the United Kingdom. However, in regards to benefit to cost ratio, all countries will have positive net values from 0.6 and up. The ratio further indicates that Sweden would benefit the most from a full 5G deployment in smart public services use cases with a benefit to cost ratio at 54.
According to the source, the countries with the highest benefit to cost ratio, such as Sweden, the Netherlands and Belgium, generally have a lower number of municipal buildings per capita. Hence, their higher ratio is generated by the lower costs.

Public Sector Outsourcing Market Outlook

The global public sector outsourcing market size was valued at approximately $140 billion in 2023 and is expected to reach around $250 billion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.5%. This robust growth is driven by the increasing need for cost efficiency, improved service quality, and technological advancements across various public sector entities. The demand for outsourcing services in the public sector is further propelled by the growing complexity and volume of data that public sector organizations need to manage, necessitating the expertise and infrastructure that specialized outsourcing providers can offer.

One of the primary growth factors for the public sector outsourcing market is the rising pressure on public sector organizations to minimize operational costs while enhancing service delivery. Governments worldwide are facing budget constraints and are increasingly looking towards outsourcing as a viable solution to achieve more with less. By outsourcing non-core functions such as IT services, business processes, and facility management, public sector entities can focus more on their core missions and responsibilities. This not only leads to cost savings but also results in improved efficiency and effectiveness of government operations.

Another significant growth driver is the rapid advancement and adoption of technology. The digital transformation initiatives being undertaken by many governments require sophisticated IT infrastructure and expertise that may not be readily available within the public sector. Outsourcing IT services allows public sector organizations to leverage cutting-edge technologies such as cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and big data analytics without the need for substantial upfront investments. This shift towards digitalization is creating substantial opportunities for outsourcing providers who specialize in these advanced technologies.

The increasing complexity of public sector demand is also contributing to the growth of the outsourcing market. With the growing volume of data and the need for enhanced security and compliance, public sector organizations are turning to specialized outsourcing services to manage these challenges. By partnering with experienced outsourcing providers, governments can ensure that their data is managed securely and in compliance with relevant regulations. This is particularly important in sectors such as healthcare and defense, where data security and regulatory compliance are critical.

Regionally, North America and Europe have traditionally been the largest markets for public sector outsourcing, driven by the mature nature of their public sectors and the high demand for outsourcing services. However, the Asia Pacific region is expected to witness the highest growth rate over the forecast period, driven by increasing government initiatives towards digitalization and smart city projects. Developing countries in Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are also beginning to explore outsourcing as a means to improve public sector efficiency and service delivery, although these regions are currently in the nascent stages of market development.

Service Type Analysis

In the public sector outsourcing market, the service type segment includes IT Outsourcing, Business Process Outsourcing (BPO), Facilities Management, and others. IT Outsourcing remains the largest segment due to the critical role that technology plays in modern government operations. Public sector organizations are increasingly outsourcing their IT functions to leverage the expertise of external providers and gain access to advanced technologies. This includes services such as IT infrastructure management, software development, and cybersecurity. The demand for IT Outsourcing is further driven by the need for digital transformation and the adoption of new technologies like cloud computing and artificial intelligence.

Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) is another significant segment, encompassing a wide range of services such as human resources, finance and accounting, and customer service. Public sector organizations are increasingly turning to BPO to streamline their operations and reduce costs. By outsourcing routine and administrative tasks, these organizations can focus on their core missions and improve service delivery to citizens. The growing complexity of government operations and the need for specialized skills are driving the demand for BPO services in the public sector.

Facilities Management is a crucial segment

The public and private per capita health expenditure differs significantly by country. As of 2023, the United States had by far the highest public per capita spending worldwide. Moreover, the U.S. had the second-highest private expenditure on health globally just after Switzerland. Health expenditures globally Health expenditures include the consumption of health goods, services and public health programs as well as insurance and government spending. Globally, health expenditures are on the rise. Among all countries the average per capita health expenditure is projected to see an increase of over 30 percent from the 2019 totals by the year 2050. Despite the growing expenditures, there are still countries with relatively low health expenditures. The countries with the lowest governmental health expenditure include South Sudan, Eritrea and Bangladesh. Health expenditures spotlight: the U.S. In 2021 the U.S. national health expenditure was at an all-time high. However, the projections indicate that total health expenditures will increase even more. The per capita health expenditures for the U.S. looked equally grim, with 2021 projected to be the most expensive year for health care on record. Despite having seen a significant increase in the total cost of health care in the U.S., trends indicate that the annual percentage change in health expenditures is decreasing over time.

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IT Services and BPO in Government Market Outlook

The global IT services and BPO in government market size is forecasted to grow significantly from USD 35 billion in 2023 to USD 60 billion by 2032, reflecting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.5%. This growth is driven by the increasing need for digital transformation in government operations, enhanced efficiency, and cost reduction through outsourcing of non-core activities. As governments worldwide strive to improve public services and citizen engagement, the integration of IT services and Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) becomes imperative, paving the way for market expansion in the coming years.

One of the primary growth factors driving the IT services and BPO market in the government sector is the rising demand for advanced technological solutions to streamline governmental processes. With the rapid pace of technological advancements, governments are under pressure to modernize their outdated systems to provide efficient, transparent, and accessible services to citizens. This includes the adoption of cloud computing, data analytics, and AI-driven systems that offer solutions for complex administrative processes, ultimately driving the demand for IT service providers and BPO partners who can offer specialized expertise and resources for these implementations.

Another critical growth factor is the increasing need for cost-effective solutions in the public sector. Governments around the world face budget constraints and are continually seeking ways to optimize their expenditure while maintaining or improving service quality. By outsourcing IT services and non-core governmental activities like administrative tasks, data entry, and customer service inquiries, governments can achieve significant cost savings. This not only allows them to focus resources on core governance and public welfare activities but also ensures the efficient allocation of funds towards development activities, fueling further growth in the IT services and BPO market.

Moreover, the growing emphasis on data security and privacy is propelling governments to partner with IT service providers that can offer robust security solutions. As cyber threats become more sophisticated, there is an urgent need for specialized IT services that can safeguard sensitive government data and ensure compliance with stringent regulatory requirements. This focus on cybersecurity ensures that governments seek partnerships with IT service providers who have the capability to implement advanced security measures and manage data effectively, thereby enhancing the demand for specialized IT services in the government sector.

Regionally, North America holds a significant share of the IT services and BPO in government market, driven by a high level of technological advancement and the presence of major IT service providers. The Asia Pacific region is expected to demonstrate the highest growth rate during the forecast period, attributable to rapid digitalization initiatives and increased government spending on IT infrastructure in countries like China and India. Europe also presents substantial opportunities due to ongoing efforts to enhance e-government services across the European Union. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are gradually catching up, with government initiatives aimed at improving digital governance and public service efficiency, which in turn contribute to the growth of the market in these regions.

Service Type Analysis

The IT services and BPO in government market is segmented by service type into consulting, implementation, managed services, and others. Consulting services are critical for government agencies in strategizing and planning their digital transformation journey. These services involve assessing the current IT infrastructure and processes, identifying gaps, and recommending solutions that align with governmental goals. As governments globally recognize the need for technological advancement, the demand for consulting services has surged, with experts providing insights into best practices for IT integration, digital service delivery, and efficient resource allocation.

Implementation services play a pivotal role in executing the strategies laid out during the consulting phase. This segment encompasses the deployment of IT solutions, including the integration of software, hardware, and network configurations. The complexity of government systems necessitates the involvement of skilled IT professionals who can ensure seamless execution of new technologies while minimizing disruptions to existing operations. As a result, implemen

The Statistics on Public Expenditures for Economic Development (SPEED) database is a resource of the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) that contains information on agricultural and other sectoral public expenditures in 147 countries from 1980 to 2016. Policymakers, researchers, and other stakeholders can use this robust database to examine both historical trends and the allocation of government resources across sectors. It also allows for comparisons with other countries within a region or at a similar level of development. Because the SPEED database covers many countries for a long time period, it allows analysts of government spending to examine national policy priorities, as reflected in the allocation of public expenditures, and track development goals and the cost-effectiveness of public spending both within and across countries. Indicators reported in this data study include total agricultural expenditure, agricultural spending per capita, and the ratio of agricultural spending to the agricultural gross domestic product (GDP) for years 1995, 2000, and 2016. IFPRI researchers have compiled data from multiple sources, including the International Monetary Fund, World Bank, United Nations, and national governments, and conducted extensive data checks and adjustments to ensure consistent spending measurements over time that are free of exchange-rate fluctuations and currency denomination changes.

The Statistics on Public Expenditures for Economic Development (SPEED) database is a resource of the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) that contains information on agricultural and other sectoral public expenditures in 147 countries from 1980 to 2014. Policy makers, researchers, and other stakeholders can use this robust database to examine both historical trends and the allocation of government resources across sectors. It also allows for comparisons with other countries within a region or at a similar level of development. Because the SPEED database covers many countries for a long time period, it allows analysts of government spending to examine national policy priorities, as reflected in the allocation of public expenditures, and track development goals and the cost-effectiveness of public spending both within and across countries. Indicators reported in this data study include total agricultural expenditure, agricultural spending per capita, and the ratio of agricultural spending to agricultural gross domestic product (GDP) for years 1980, 1995, and 2014. IFPRI researchers have compiled data from multiple sources, including the International Monetary Fund, World Bank, United Nations, and national governments, and conducted extensive data checks and adjustments to ensure consistent spending measurements over time that are free of exchange-rate fluctuations and currency denomination changes.

Government Cloud Computing Market Outlook

The global government cloud computing market size was valued at approximately USD 20 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach around USD 70 billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 15% during the forecast period. This impressive growth is fueled by the increasing adoption of cloud services by government entities seeking to modernize their IT infrastructure, enhance operational efficiency, and ensure data security and compliance.

One of the primary growth factors in the government cloud computing market is the need for enhanced data security and compliance. Government organizations handle sensitive information, and the cloud offers robust security measures, encryption, and compliance with regulations such as GDPR and HIPAA. Additionally, the implementation of cloud computing helps mitigate risks associated with data breaches, thereby enhancing the overall security posture of government agencies.

Another significant driver of the market is the need for cost efficiency and scalability. Traditional on-premises IT infrastructure often involves high capital expenditure for hardware and software, along with ongoing maintenance costs. Cloud computing enables government entities to reduce these costs by shifting to a pay-as-you-go model, where they only pay for the resources they use. Moreover, the scalability offered by cloud services allows governments to quickly adapt to changing demands without the need for significant infrastructure investments.

The push towards digital transformation is also a critical factor in the market's growth. Governments worldwide are embracing digital technologies to improve public services, enhance citizen engagement, and streamline administrative processes. Cloud computing plays a pivotal role in this transformation by providing the necessary infrastructure to support digital initiatives, such as e-government services, big data analytics, and artificial intelligence applications. The agility and flexibility offered by cloud solutions enable governments to innovate rapidly and meet the evolving needs of their citizens.

Regionally, North America currently dominates the government cloud computing market, driven by high adoption rates in the United States and Canada. The presence of major cloud service providers and a robust regulatory framework that promotes cloud adoption contribute to this dominance. Europe is also a significant market, with countries such as the UK, Germany, and France investing heavily in cloud technologies to support their e-government initiatives. The Asia Pacific region is expected to witness the highest growth rate during the forecast period, fueled by increasing investments in digital infrastructure by countries like China, India, and Japan.

Service Model Analysis

In the government cloud computing market, the service model segment includes Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS). IaaS is a popular choice among government agencies due to its ability to provide scalable and flexible infrastructure resources. Governments can leverage IaaS to host applications, store data, and run virtual machines without the need for physical hardware, thereby reducing capital expenditure and operational costs. Additionally, IaaS providers offer robust security measures, ensuring that government data remains protected.

PaaS, on the other hand, offers a platform for developers to build, test, and deploy applications without worrying about the underlying infrastructure. This service model is particularly beneficial for government agencies looking to develop custom applications tailored to their specific needs. PaaS enhances the agility and speed of application development, enabling governments to implement new services and features quickly. Furthermore, the use of PaaS can lead to significant cost savings by eliminating the need for hardware and software procurement and maintenance.

SaaS is widely adopted by government entities for its ease of use and cost-effectiveness. SaaS solutions are delivered over the internet and accessed via a web browser, eliminating the need for complex installations and maintenance. Government agencies use SaaS applications for various purposes, including email, collaboration, customer relationship management (CRM), and enterprise resource planning (ERP). The subscription-based pricing model of SaaS allows governments to manage their budgets more effectively, as they can scale the number of licenses up or down based on their requirements.

Among OECD member countries, the United States had the highest percentage of gross domestic product spent on health care as of 2023. The U.S. spent nearly ** percent of its GDP on health care services. Germany, France and Japan followed the U.S. with distinctly smaller percentages. The United States had both significantly higher private and public spending on health compared with other developed countries. Why compare OECD countries?OECD stands for Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. It is an economic organization consisting of ** members, mostly high-income countries and committed to democratic principles and market economy. This makes OECD statistics more comparable than statistics of developed and undeveloped countries. Health economics is an important matter for the OECD, even more since increasing health costs and an aging population have become an issue for many developed countries. Health costs in the U.S.  A higher GDP share spent on health care does not automatically lead to a better functioning health system. In the case of the U.S., high spending is mainly because of higher costs and prices, not due to higher utilization. For example, physicians’ salaries are much higher in the U.S. than in other comparable countries. A doctor in the U.S. earns almost twice as much as the average physician in Germany. Pharmaceutical spending per capita is also distinctly higher in the United States. Furthermore, the U.S. also spends more on health administrative costs compare to other wealthy countries.

Between March 2022 and February 2024, the highest average cost of a data breach, nearly **** million U.S. dollars, was detected in the healthcare industry. The financial sector ranked second, with **** million U.S. dollars on average per breach. The global average data breach cost in the measured period was **** million U.S. dollars. Data breaches in the public sector cost relatively low, an average of **** million U.S. dollars during the measured period.

Perception and impact of innovation in public services among companies.
Topics: introduction of innovations in the company since the beginning of 2009; percentage of the company’s turnover in 2011 due to innovative goods and services introduced since January 2009; frequency of use of selected public services for businesses since January 2009: training programmes for employees, obtaining work permits for foreign workers, health and safety issues, environment related permits and obligations, applying for research or innovation subsidies, applying for patents or trademarks, conformity certification for new products; assessment of the improvement of public services for businesses in the past three years; perception of the introduction of the following services since January 2009: option to complete government forms over the internet, reduction in time and effort to complete government forms, access to information on government services over the internet, reduction in time required for permits and licences, faster response time for government services, reduction in financial costs for the company; assessment of the impact of the aforementioned new services on the way the company uses public services; improvement of public services for businesses due to innovation; impact of public services innovations on own business in terms of: time spent, quality of information and advice, quality of administrative procedures, costs, response time from public sector, level of personnel’s skills thanks to public education and training programmes; assessment of the most innovative level of government: municipal/local, regional/sub-national, national, EU; approval of the following statements: public services create right conditions for companies to innovate, regulatory and fiscal system promotes ability of companies to innovate, possibility for companies to cooperate with public research organisations on innovation projects, sufficient equipment of staff by public education and training system with skills needed for innovation; approval of the following statements regarding the support for innovation from public services: provision of high quality information and advice, easily available information and advice, simple procedures to obtain financial support, well targeted government programmes; assessment of the necessity for public services to become more innovative; activities of the company regarding public procurement since the beginning of 2009: won at least one public procurement contract, submitted at least one tender without success, investigated opportunities without submitting a tender; efforts of the company since January 2009 to sell own innovations to the government; higher significance of price versus innovation in winning public tenders for goods or services.

Demography: information about the company: size, number of employees (full-time equivalent) at present, year of establishment; takeover by or merging with another company since the beginning of 2006; percentage of the company’s turnover in 2011 sold in: the own country, other EU countries (plus Switzerland, Norway, Iceland, and Lichtenstein); development of the company’s turnover in 2011 compared to 2009; percentage of employees with a university degree in 2011.

Additionally coded was: respondent ID; country; NACE CODE; nation group; weighting factor.

Government Cloud Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global government cloud market size reached USD 33.2 billion in 2024, reflecting a robust adoption of cloud technologies across public sector entities. The market demonstrates a strong growth trajectory, with a projected CAGR of 16.4% from 2025 to 2033. By the end of 2033, the government cloud market is forecasted to attain a value of USD 98.4 billion, driven by increasing digital transformation initiatives, stringent data security requirements, and the growing need for scalable IT infrastructure within governmental organizations. This impressive growth is attributed to governments worldwide prioritizing modernization and resilience in public service delivery.

The primary growth factor for the government cloud market is the urgent need for enhanced data security, privacy, and regulatory compliance, which cloud solutions are uniquely positioned to address. Governments are increasingly handling vast amounts of sensitive data, ranging from citizen information to national security details, making the adoption of secure and compliant cloud platforms a necessity. The implementation of advanced cloud security protocols, including encryption, identity and access management, and regular compliance audits, ensures that government agencies can mitigate risks associated with data breaches and cyberattacks. Furthermore, cloud vendors are continuously innovating to offer government-specific solutions that meet strict regulatory requirements, thereby fostering trust and accelerating cloud adoption in the public sector.

Another significant driver is the cost-effectiveness and operational agility that cloud computing brings to government agencies. Traditional on-premises IT infrastructures are not only capital-intensive but also lack the flexibility to scale with changing demands. By transitioning to cloud-based models, governments can significantly reduce capital expenditures on hardware and maintenance, while also benefiting from the pay-as-you-go pricing structures of cloud services. This financial efficiency enables agencies to allocate more resources toward mission-critical projects and citizen-centric services. Furthermore, cloud platforms empower governments to rapidly deploy new applications and services, improve interdepartmental collaboration, and respond more effectively to emergencies and evolving public needs.

A further catalyst for market growth is the increasing emphasis on digital transformation and modernization of legacy systems. The COVID-19 pandemic accentuated the need for resilient and accessible government services, prompting accelerated cloud adoption for remote work, virtual service delivery, and data-driven policy-making. Cloud environments facilitate seamless integration of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data analytics, and Internet of Things (IoT), enabling governments to enhance their decision-making capabilities and offer innovative services to citizens. As digital transformation remains a top priority for public sector leaders, cloud adoption is expected to remain on an upward trajectory, supported by both national and regional digitalization strategies.

From a regional perspective, North America continues to dominate the government cloud market, underpinned by significant investments from federal and state agencies, a mature cloud ecosystem, and the presence of leading cloud service providers. Europe follows closely, driven by stringent data protection regulations such as GDPR and a strong focus on digital sovereignty. The Asia Pacific region is witnessing rapid growth, fueled by government-led digital initiatives, increasing internet penetration, and the modernization of public infrastructure in countries like China, India, and Australia. Meanwhile, Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are gradually embracing cloud technologies, with investments primarily focused on improving public service delivery and enhancing disaster recovery capabilities.

Component Analysis

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The per capita consumer spending on transportation ranking is led by Luxembourg with ******** U.S. dollars, while Iceland is following with ******** U.S. dollars. In contrast, Benin is at the bottom of the ranking with **** U.S. dollars, showing a difference of ******* U.S. dollars to Luxembourg. Consumer spending, in this case transportation-related spending per capita, refers to the domestic demand of private households and non-profit institutions serving households (NPISHs). Spending by corporations and the state is not included. The forecast has been adjusted for the expected impact of COVID-19.Consumer spending is the biggest component of the gross domestic product as computed on an expenditure basis in the context of national accounts. The other components in this approach are consumption expenditure of the state, gross domestic investment as well as the net exports of goods and services. Consumer spending is broken down according to the United Nations' Classification of Individual Consumption By Purpose (COICOP). The shown data adheres broadly to group 07. As not all countries and regions report data in a harmonized way, all data shown here has been processed by Statista to allow the greatest level of comparability possible. The underlying input data are usually household budget surveys conducted by government agencies that track spending of selected households over a given period.The data is shown in nominal terms which means that monetary data is valued at prices of the respective year and has not been adjusted for inflation. For future years the price level has been projected as well. The data has been converted from local currencies to US$ using the average exchange rate of the respective year. For forecast years, the exchange rate has been projected as well. The timelines therefore incorporate currency effects.

In 2023, the United States had the highest per capita health expenditure among OECD countries. At that time, per capita health expenditure in the U.S. amounted over ****** U.S. dollars, significantly higher than in Switzerland, the country with the second-highest per capita health expenditure. Norway, Germany and Austria are also within the top five countries with the highest per capita health expenditure. The United States also spent the highest share of it’s gross domestic product on health care, with **** percent of its GDP spent on health care services. Health Expenditure in the U.S. The United States is the highest spending country worldwide when it comes to health care. In 2022, total health expenditure in the U.S. exceeded **** trillion dollars. Expenditure as a percentage of GDP is projected to increase to approximately ** percent by the year 2031. Distribution of Health Expenditure in the U.S. Health expenditure in the United States is spread out across multiple categories such as nursing home facilities, home health care, and prescription drugs. As of 2022, the majority of health expenditure in the United States was spent on hospital care, accounting for a bit less than *** third of all health spending. Hospital care was followed by spending on physician and clinical services which accounted for ** percent of overall health expenditure.

The COCOPS Executive Survey on Public Sector Reform in Europe is a survey of public sector senior executives in twenty European countries. The survey provides quantitative data regarding public administration reforms and their impacts in Europe by exploring the perceptions, experiences and opinions of the actors strongly involved in the conception and implementation of reforms.

General Information. Management and work practice of the organisation. Public sector reform and the fiscal crisis. Attitudes, preferences, and personal information.

Topics: 1. General information: type of organisation; policy area the organisation works in; number of employees; kind of position in the organisation (hierarchical level); self-assessment of role as public sector executive.

1. Management and work practice of the organisation: work autonomy: degree of autonomy with regard to selected work tasks (e.g. budget allocations, promoting staff, etc.); used instruments (e.g. quality management system, etc.; goal clarity (goals clearly stated, goals communicated to staff, high number of goals, easy to observe and measure activities, mainly measure inputs and processes, mainly measure outputs and outcomes, rewarded for achieving goals, clear sanctions for not achieving goals, politicians use indicators for monitoring performance); use of performance indicators; frequency of interaction with various actors or bodies (responsible Minister, other politicians, administrative superiors and higher administrative levels, direct staff, subordinate agencies and bodies, etc.); assessment of collaboration in own policy fields between: national government bodies within the same policy area and from different policy areas, national and local / regional government bodies, national and supra-national bodies / international organisations, government bodies and private and voluntary sector stakeholders); view on selected statements regarding politicians and public administration (politicians respect technical expertise of senior executives, politicians regularly influence senior-level appointments in the organisation, politicians interfere with routine activities in the organisation, senior executives, not politicians, initiate reforms or new policies, removing issues and activities from politics produces better policies); coordination approach (e.g. refer issue upwards in the hierarchy or to political actors and bodies, set up special purpose bodies, etc.); characterization of staff (e.g. engage in open and honest communication with one another, share and accept constructive criticism, etc.); attitudes towards work and towards the organisation (e.g. satisfaction from work, feel valued for the work, etc.).

2. Public sector reform and the fiscal crisis: assessment of development of public administration in the country compared with 5 years ago; importance of selected reform trends in own policy area; design and dynamics of administration reforms (top down vs. bottom up, consistent vs. inconsistent, comprehensive vs. partial, driven by politicians vs. by senior executives, crisis and incident driven vs. planned, substantive vs. symbolic, contested vs. supported by unions, cost-cutting vs. service improvement, no vs. high public involvement, unsuccessful vs. successful, too demanding vs. not demanding enough, 10-point scale); performance outcomes of public administration over the last 5 years on selected dimensions (e.g. cost and efficiency, service quality, innovation, etc.); fiscal crisis: general approach to savings in response to the fiscal crisis; cutback measures; effects of the fiscal crisis (power of the Ministry of Finance has increased, decision making in organisation centralized, budget planning unit gained power, conflict between departments in organisation increased, power of politicians in the decision making process has increased, relevance of performance information increased).

3. Attitudes and preferences: public sector values: value trade-off (quality - efficiency, equity -efficiency, following rules - achieving results, customer focus - citizen orientation, state provision - market provision, tax financed - user fees, 7-point scale); motivation: importance of various occupation characteristics like interesting work, high income, etc.; individual attitudes (success depends on ability, I like taking responsibility for making decisions, I make decisions and move on, importance of being creative and thinking up new ideas, avoid anything...

U.S. spending on private construction continued to grow in 2024 and was over ***** times larger than construction spending in the public sector. Texas and California were at the top of the ranking when observing construction spending within the 50 U.S. states. According to a forecast, the value of U.S. construction put in place is expected to keep rising until 2025. Road construction spending: predicted to grow The value of road construction until 2026 was expected to reach the highest recorded values since 2005. However, data suggest that the United States still needs to catch up. When comparing infrastructure spending as share of GDP across various countries worldwide, the average spending of the United States was much lower than that of many other countries. How much have U.S. construction costs changed? Construction costs for housing varied significantly per city, with single-family homes in Honolulu, San Francisco and New York among the most expensive. During the past years, building costs grew in most of the U.S. big cities at a fast pace. Whilst there are many reasons why this occurred – supply and demand, or local zoning rules making it difficult to build – there is one that became especially noticeable in the past years: the prices of many important building materials went up significantly.

PSND: by Indexing Factor: IGP-M: Internal Net Debt data was reported at 98,564.577 BRL mn in Apr 2019. This records a decrease from the previous number of 99,083.556 BRL mn for Mar 2019. PSND: by Indexing Factor: IGP-M: Internal Net Debt data is updated monthly, averaging 75,455.241 BRL mn from Aug 2006 (Median) to Apr 2019, with 153 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 110,044.160 BRL mn in Mar 2017 and a record low of 58,872.312 BRL mn in Apr 2007. PSND: by Indexing Factor: IGP-M: Internal Net Debt data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bank of Brazil. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Government and Public Finance – Table BR.FB024: Public Sector Net Debt: by Indexing Factor: General Price Index.

61,399,864 (Thousand rubles) in 2018. Gross value added provides a dollar value for the amount of goods and services that have been produced in a country or region, minus the cost of all inputs and raw materials that are directly attributable to that production.

Syria GDP: Gross Fixed Capital Formation: Public Sector data was reported at 136,594.000 SYP mn in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 109,550.000 SYP mn for 2015. Syria GDP: Gross Fixed Capital Formation: Public Sector data is updated yearly, averaging 34,332.500 SYP mn from Dec 1963 (Median) to 2016, with 48 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 231,847.000 SYP mn in 2010 and a record low of 292.000 SYP mn in 1963. Syria GDP: Gross Fixed Capital Formation: Public Sector data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bureau of Statistics . The data is categorized under Global Database’s Syrian Arab Republic – Table SY.A001: GDP by Expenditure: Current Price.