When converted to the value of one US dollar in 2020, goods and services that cost one dollar in 1700 would cost just over 63 dollars in 2020, this means that one dollar in 1700 was worth approximately 63 times more than it is today. This data can be used to calculate how much goods and services from the years shown would cost today, by multiplying the price from then by the number shown in the graph. For example, an item that cost 50 dollars in 1970 would theoretically cost 335.5 US dollars in 2020 (50 x 6.71 = 335.5), although it is important to remember that the prices of individual goods and services inflate at different rates than currency, therefore this graph must only be used as a guide.

Graph and download economic data for Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Purchasing Power of the Consumer Dollar in U.S. City Average (CUUR0000SA0R) from Jan 1913 to Apr 2025 about urban, consumer, CPI, inflation, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

MX: Purchasing Power Parity: National Currency per USD data was reported at 9.660 USD/MXN in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 9.682 USD/MXN for 2022. MX: Purchasing Power Parity: National Currency per USD data is updated yearly, averaging 6.554 USD/MXN from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2023, with 43 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 9.942 USD/MXN in 2021 and a record low of 0.018 USD/MXN in 1981. MX: Purchasing Power Parity: National Currency per USD data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Mexico – Table MX.OECD.MSTI: Exchange Rate: OECD Member: Annual.

In Mexico, beginning with the 2004 data, the Business enterprise survey register was increased to include large firms not previously identified as R&D performers. The first R&D surveys based on the Frascati Manual covered the period 1992-93. Earlier data for R&D performed in the Government sector are based on national estimates and do not exactly correspond to the recommendations of the Frascati Manual.

United States - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Purchasing Power of the Consumer Dollar in U.S. City Average was 31.20000 Index 1982-84=100 in April of 2025, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Purchasing Power of the Consumer Dollar in U.S. City Average reached a record high of 1025.00000 in May of 1913 and a record low of 31.20000 in April of 2025. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Purchasing Power of the Consumer Dollar in U.S. City Average - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on May of 2025.

A graphic that displays the dollar performance against other currencies reveals that economic developments had mixed results on currency exchanges. The third quarter of 2023 marked a period of disinflation in the euro area, while China's projected growth was projected to go up. The United States economy was said to have a relatively strong performance in Q3 2023, although growing capital market interest rate and the resumption of student loan repayments might dampen this growth at the end of 2023. A relatively weak Japanese yen Q3 2023 saw pressure from investors towards Japanese authorities on how they would respond to the situation surrounding the Japanese yen. The USD/JPY rate was close to ***, whereas analysts suspected it should be around ** given the country's purchase power parity. The main reason for this disparity is said to be the differences in central bank interest rates between the United States, the euro area, and Japan. Any future aggressive changes from, especially the U.S. Fed might lower those differences. Financial markets responded somewhat disappoint when Japan did not announce major plans to tackle the situation. Potential rent decreases in 2024 Central bank rates peak in 2023, although it is expected that some of these will decline in early 2024. That said, analysts expect overall policies will remain restrictive. For example, the Bank of England's interest rate remained unchanged at **** percent in Q3 2023. It is believed the United Kingdom's central bank will ease its interest rate in 2024 but less than either the U.S. Fed or the European Central Bank. This should be a positive development for the pound compared to either the euro or the dollar.

Japan JP: Purchasing Power Parity: National Currency per USD data was reported at 94.927 USD/JPY in Dec 2026. This records an increase from the previous number of 94.884 USD/JPY for Sep 2026. Japan JP: Purchasing Power Parity: National Currency per USD data is updated quarterly, averaging 177.455 USD/JPY from Mar 1960 (Median) to Dec 2026, with 268 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 272.793 USD/JPY in Sep 1977 and a record low of 93.912 USD/JPY in Sep 2022. Japan JP: Purchasing Power Parity: National Currency per USD data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.OECD.EO: Exchange Rate: Forecast: OECD Member: Quarterly. PPP - Purchasing power parity, national currency per USD

China Purchasing Power Parity: National Currency per USD data was reported at 3.432 USD/RMB in 2026. This records a decrease from the previous number of 3.466 USD/RMB for 2025. China Purchasing Power Parity: National Currency per USD data is updated yearly, averaging 2.859 USD/RMB from Dec 1982 (Median) to 2026, with 45 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4.094 USD/RMB in 2018 and a record low of 1.329 USD/RMB in 1983. China Purchasing Power Parity: National Currency per USD data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s China – Table CN.OECD.EO: Exchange Rate: Forecast: Non OECD Member: Annual. PPP - Purchasing power parity, national currency per USD

The EUR/USD exchange rate rose to 1.1424 on June 9, 2025, up 0.25% from the previous session. Over the past month, the Euro US Dollar Exchange Rate - EUR/USD has strengthened 3.06%, and is up by 6.14% over the last 12 months. Euro US Dollar Exchange Rate - EUR/USD - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on June of 2025.

The Gross Domestic Product per capita in the United States was last recorded at 74577.51 US dollars in 2023, when adjusted by purchasing power parity (PPP). The GDP per Capita, in the United States, when adjusted by Purchasing Power Parity is equivalent to 420 percent of the world's average. This dataset provides - United States GDP per capita PPP - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

India IN: Purchasing Power Parity: National Currency per USD: Single Hit Scenario data was reported at 21.619 USD/INR in 2021. This stayed constant from the previous number of 21.619 USD/INR for 2020. India IN: Purchasing Power Parity: National Currency per USD: Single Hit Scenario data is updated yearly, averaging 12.579 USD/INR from Dec 1995 (Median) to 2021, with 27 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 21.619 USD/INR in 2021 and a record low of 7.946 USD/INR in 1995. India IN: Purchasing Power Parity: National Currency per USD: Single Hit Scenario data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s India – Table IN.OECD.EO: Exchange Rate: Forecast: Non OECD Member: Annual. PPP - Purchasing power parity, national currency per USD

In January 2025, prices had increased by three percent compared to January 2024 according to the 12-month percentage change in the consumer price index — the monthly inflation rate for goods and services in the United States. The data represents U.S. city averages. In economics, the inflation rate is a measure of the change in price level over time. The rate of decrease in the purchasing power of money is approximately equal. A projection of the annual U.S. inflation rate can be accessed here and the actual annual inflation rate since 1990 can be accessed here. InflationOne of the most important economic indicators is the development of the Consumer Price Index in a country. The change in this price level of goods and services is defined as the rate of inflation. The inflationary situation in the United States had been relatively severe in 2022 due to global events relating to COVID-19, supply chain restrains, and the Russian invasion of Ukraine. More information on U.S. inflation may be found on our dedicated topic page. The annual inflation rate in the United States has increased from 3.2 percent in 2011 to 8.3 percent in 2022. This means that the purchasing power of the U.S. dollar has weakened in recent years. The purchasing power is the extent to which a person has available funds to make purchases. According to the data published by the International Monetary Fund, the U.S. Consumer Price Index (CPI) was about 258.84 in 2020 and is forecasted to grow up to 325.6 by 2027, compared to the base period from 1982 to 1984. The monthly percentage change in the Consumer Price Index (CPI) for urban consumers in the United States was 0.1 percent in March 2023 compared to the previous month. In 2022, countries all around the world are experienced high levels of inflation. Although Brazil already had an inflation rate of 8.3 percent in 2021, compared to the previous year, while the inflation rate in China stood at 0.85 percent.

India IN: Purchasing Power Parity: National Currency per USD data was reported at 20.381 USD/INR in 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 20.155 USD/INR for 2024. India IN: Purchasing Power Parity: National Currency per USD data is updated yearly, averaging 14.596 USD/INR from Dec 1995 (Median) to 2025, with 31 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 20.728 USD/INR in 2021 and a record low of 7.959 USD/INR in 1995. India IN: Purchasing Power Parity: National Currency per USD data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s India – Table IN.OECD.EO: Exchange Rate: Forecast: Non OECD Member: Annual. PPP - Purchasing power parity, national currency per USD

Interactive historical chart showing the daily U.S. Dollar - Chinese Yuan (USDCNY) exchange rate back to 1981.

At 7.99 U.S. dollars, Switzerland has the most expensive Big Macs in the world, according to the January 2025 Big Mac index. Concurrently, the cost of a Big Mac was 5.79 dollars in the U.S., and 5.95 U.S. dollars in the Euro area. What is the Big Mac index? The Big Mac index, published by The Economist, is a novel way of measuring whether the market exchange rates for different countries’ currencies are overvalued or undervalued. It does this by measuring each currency against a common standard – the Big Mac hamburger sold by McDonald’s restaurants all over the world. Twice a year the Economist converts the average national price of a Big Mac into U.S. dollars using the exchange rate at that point in time. As a Big Mac is a completely standardized product across the world, the argument goes that it should have the same relative cost in every country. Differences in the cost of a Big Mac expressed as U.S. dollars therefore reflect differences in the purchasing power of each currency. Is the Big Mac index a good measure of purchasing power parity? Purchasing power parity (PPP) is the idea that items should cost the same in different countries, based on the exchange rate at that time. This relationship does not hold in practice. Factors like tax rates, wage regulations, whether components need to be imported, and the level of market competition all contribute to price variations between countries. The Big Mac index does measure this basic point – that one U.S. dollar can buy more in some countries than others. There are more accurate ways to measure differences in PPP though, which convert a larger range of products into their dollar price. Adjusting for PPP can have a massive effect on how we understand a country’s economy. The country with the largest GDP adjusted for PPP is China, but when looking at the unadjusted GDP of different countries, the U.S. has the largest economy.

Consumer Spending in the United States increased to 16321.10 USD Billion in the first quarter of 2025 from 16273.20 USD Billion in the fourth quarter of 2024. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United States Consumer Spending - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

MD: GNI: PPP data was reported at 21,501.163 Intl $ mn in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 20,308.550 Intl $ mn for 2016. MD: GNI: PPP data is updated yearly, averaging 12,784.425 Intl $ mn from Dec 1995 (Median) to 2017, with 23 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 21,501.163 Intl $ mn in 2017 and a record low of 6,546.354 Intl $ mn in 1999. MD: GNI: PPP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Moldova – Table MD.World Bank.WDI: Gross Domestic Product: Purchasing Power Parity. PPP GNI (formerly PPP GNP) is gross national income (GNI) converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GNI as a U.S. dollar has in the United States. Gross national income is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current international dollars. For most economies PPP figures are extrapolated from the 2011 International Comparison Program (ICP) benchmark estimates or imputed using a statistical model based on the 2011 ICP. For 47 high- and upper middle-income economies conversion factors are provided by Eurostat and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).; ; World Bank, International Comparison Program database.; Gap-filled total;

In economics, the inflation rate is a measure of the change in price of a basket of goods. The most common measure being the consumer price index. It is the percentage rate of change in price level over time, and also indicates the rate of decrease in the purchasing power of money. The annual rate of inflation for 2023, was 4.1 percent higher in the United States when compared to the previous year. More information on inflation and the consumer price index can be found on our dedicated topic page. Additionally, the monthly rate of inflation in the United States can be accessed here. Inflation and purchasing power Inflation is a key economic indicator, and gives economists and consumers alike a look at changes in prices in the wider economy. For example, if an average pair of socks costs 100 dollars one year and 105 dollars the following year, the inflation rate is five percent. This means the amount of goods an individual can purchase with a unit of currency has decreased. This concept is often referred to as purchasing power. The data presents the average rate of inflation in a year, whereas the monthly measure of inflation measures the change in prices compared with prices one year ago. For example, monthly inflation in the U.S. reached a peak in June 2022 at 9.1 percent. This means that prices were 9.1 percent higher than they were in June of 2021. The purchasing power is the extent to which a person has available funds to make purchases. The Big Mac Index has been published by The Economist since 1986 and exemplifies purchasing power on a global scale, allowing us to see note the differences between different countries currencies. Switzerland for example, has the most expensive Big Mac in the world, costing consumers 6.71 U.S. dollars as of July 2022, whereas a Big Mac cost 5.15 dollars in the United States, and 4.77 dollars in the Euro area. One of the most important tools in influencing the rate of inflation is interest rates. The Federal Reserve of the United States has the capacity to make changes to the federal interest rate . Changes to the rate of inflation are thought to be an imbalance between supply and demand. After COVID-19 related lockdowns came to an end there was a sudden increase in demand for goods and services with consumers having more funds than usual thanks to reduced spending during lockdown and government funded economic support. Additionally, supply-chain related bottlenecks also due to lockdowns around the world and the Russian invasion of Ukraine meant that there was a decrease in the supply of goods and services. By increasing the interest rate, the Federal Reserve aims to reduce spending, and thus bring demand back into balance with supply.

As of August 1, 2023, one U.S. dollar could buy 21,021.7 Sierra Leonean leones (SLL), the highest exchange rate among the African currencies. Furthermore, one U.S. dollar corresponded to 758.9 Nigerian naira (NGN), 30.85 Egyptian pounds (EGP), 18.03 South African rand (ZAR), and 9.86 Moroccan dirhams (MAD) as of the same date.

Exchange rates and inflation: a case study of West African countries

Exchange rates can affect a country's inflation rate and the purchasing power of its currency. If a country's currency depreciates significantly, it can lead to higher inflation as the cost of imported goods and services increases. Indeed, the inflation rate in Sierra Leone increased steeply over the past two years. The IMF further estimates that inflation will continue to rise before falling again. This high inflation and other factors also led to the depreciation of the SLL. Furthermore, a regional perspective showed that Nigeria and Liberia faced similar high inflation rates.

Businesses' strategies for tackling inflation

Unfavorable exchange rates negatively impact countries' economies. It does this in various ways, including limiting businesses' ability to grow. Issues such as inflation affect purchasing power and businesses' investment decisions. In 2023, a survey revealed that a substantial number of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) employed various measures to offset the impact of inflation. Approximately 36 percent of these businesses tapped into their personal savings to bolster their operations, while another 32 percent opted to scale down their business activities.

Purchasing power parity of India decreased by 2.19% from 20.7 LCU per international dollars in 2022 to 20.2 LCU per international dollars in 2023. Since the 2.01% upward trend in 2021, purchasing power parity fell by 2.53% in 2023. Purchasing power parity conversion factor is the number of units of a country's currency required to buy the same amounts of goods and services in the domestic market as U.S. dollar would buy in the United States. This conversion factor is for GDP.

GDP per capita, PPP (current international $) in United States was reported at 82769 USD in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. United States - GDP per capita, PPP (current international $) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on June of 2025.