When converted to the value of one US dollar in 2020, goods and services that cost one dollar in 1700 would cost just over 63 dollars in 2020, this means that one dollar in 1700 was worth approximately 63 times more than it is today. This data can be used to calculate how much goods and services from the years shown would cost today, by multiplying the price from then by the number shown in the graph. For example, an item that cost 50 dollars in 1970 would theoretically cost 335.5 US dollars in 2020 (50 x 6.71 = 335.5), although it is important to remember that the prices of individual goods and services inflate at different rates than currency, therefore this graph must only be used as a guide.

Graph and download economic data for Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Purchasing Power of the Consumer Dollar in U.S. City Average (CUUR0000SA0R) from Jan 1913 to Jun 2025 about urban, consumer, CPI, inflation, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

United States - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Purchasing Power of the Consumer Dollar in U.S. City Average was 31.00000 Index 1982-84=100 in June of 2025, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Purchasing Power of the Consumer Dollar in U.S. City Average reached a record high of 1025.00000 in May of 1913 and a record low of 31.00000 in June of 2025. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Purchasing Power of the Consumer Dollar in U.S. City Average - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on July of 2025.

Purchasing power parities (PPPs) estimates of the amount of United States currency required to buy the same quantity of a given commodity that one Canadian dollar purchases in Canada, Canada=100, on an International Comparison Project Classification (ICP) basis.

United States - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers: Purchasing Power of the Consumer Dollar in U.S. City Average was 31.80000 Index 1982-84=100 in May of 2025, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers: Purchasing Power of the Consumer Dollar in U.S. City Average reached a record high of 1019.60000 in May of 1913 and a record low of 31.80000 in April of 2025. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers: Purchasing Power of the Consumer Dollar in U.S. City Average - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on June of 2025.

In economics, the inflation rate is a measure of the change in price of a basket of goods. The most common measure being the consumer price index. It is the percentage rate of change in price level over time, and also indicates the rate of decrease in the purchasing power of money. The annual rate of inflation for 2023, was 4.1 percent higher in the United States when compared to the previous year. More information on inflation and the consumer price index can be found on our dedicated topic page. Additionally, the monthly rate of inflation in the United States can be accessed here. Inflation and purchasing power Inflation is a key economic indicator, and gives economists and consumers alike a look at changes in prices in the wider economy. For example, if an average pair of socks costs 100 dollars one year and 105 dollars the following year, the inflation rate is five percent. This means the amount of goods an individual can purchase with a unit of currency has decreased. This concept is often referred to as purchasing power. The data presents the average rate of inflation in a year, whereas the monthly measure of inflation measures the change in prices compared with prices one year ago. For example, monthly inflation in the U.S. reached a peak in June 2022 at 9.1 percent. This means that prices were 9.1 percent higher than they were in June of 2021. The purchasing power is the extent to which a person has available funds to make purchases. The Big Mac Index has been published by The Economist since 1986 and exemplifies purchasing power on a global scale, allowing us to see note the differences between different countries currencies. Switzerland for example, has the most expensive Big Mac in the world, costing consumers 6.71 U.S. dollars as of July 2022, whereas a Big Mac cost 5.15 dollars in the United States, and 4.77 dollars in the Euro area. One of the most important tools in influencing the rate of inflation is interest rates. The Federal Reserve of the United States has the capacity to make changes to the federal interest rate . Changes to the rate of inflation are thought to be an imbalance between supply and demand. After COVID-19 related lockdowns came to an end there was a sudden increase in demand for goods and services with consumers having more funds than usual thanks to reduced spending during lockdown and government funded economic support. Additionally, supply-chain related bottlenecks also due to lockdowns around the world and the Russian invasion of Ukraine meant that there was a decrease in the supply of goods and services. By increasing the interest rate, the Federal Reserve aims to reduce spending, and thus bring demand back into balance with supply.

A graphic that displays the dollar performance against other currencies reveals that economic developments had mixed results on currency exchanges. The third quarter of 2023 marked a period of disinflation in the euro area, while China's projected growth was projected to go up. The United States economy was said to have a relatively strong performance in Q3 2023, although growing capital market interest rate and the resumption of student loan repayments might dampen this growth at the end of 2023. A relatively weak Japanese yen Q3 2023 saw pressure from investors towards Japanese authorities on how they would respond to the situation surrounding the Japanese yen. The USD/JPY rate was close to ***, whereas analysts suspected it should be around ** given the country's purchase power parity. The main reason for this disparity is said to be the differences in central bank interest rates between the United States, the euro area, and Japan. Any future aggressive changes from, especially the U.S. Fed might lower those differences. Financial markets responded somewhat disappoint when Japan did not announce major plans to tackle the situation. Potential rent decreases in 2024 Central bank rates peak in 2023, although it is expected that some of these will decline in early 2024. That said, analysts expect overall policies will remain restrictive. For example, the Bank of England's interest rate remained unchanged at **** percent in Q3 2023. It is believed the United Kingdom's central bank will ease its interest rate in 2024 but less than either the U.S. Fed or the European Central Bank. This should be a positive development for the pound compared to either the euro or the dollar.

In 2024, the consumer price index (CPI) was 315.61. Data represents U.S. city averages. The monthly inflation rate for the United States can be found here. United States urban Consumer Price Index (CPI) The U.S. Consumer Price Index is a measure of change in the price of consumer goods and services purchased by households. The CPI is defined by the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics as "a measure of the average change over time in the prices paid by urban consumers for a market basket of consumer goods and services." To calculate the CPI, the Bureau of Labor Statistics considers the price of goods and services from various categories: housing, transportation, apparel, food & beverage, medical care, recreation, education and other/uncategorized. The CPI is a useful measure, as it indicates how the cost of urban living in the United States has changed over time, compared to a base period. CPI is also used to calculate inflation, or change in the purchasing power of money. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the U.S. urban CPI has been rising steadily since 1992. As of 2023, the CPI was 304.7, up from 233 ten years earlier and up from 184 twenty years earlier. This indicates the extent to which, compared to a base period 1982-1984 = 100, the price of various goods and services has risen.

When adjusted for inflation, the 2024 federal minimum wage in the United States is over 40 percent lower than the minimum wage in 1970. Although the real dollar minimum wage in 1970 was only 1.60 U.S. dollars, when expressed in nominal 2024 dollars this increases to 13.05 U.S. dollars. This is a significant difference from the federal minimum wage in 2024 of 7.25 U.S. dollars.

This map shows the purchasing power per capita in Cayman Islands in 2022, in a multiscale map (Country and District). Nationally, the purchasing power per capita is 34,140 Cayman Islands dollar. Purchasing Power describes the disposable income (income without taxes and social security contributions, including received transfer payments) of a certain area's population. The figures are in Cayman Islands dollar (KYD) per capita.The pop-up is configured to show the following information at each geography level:Purchasing power per capitaPurchasing power index per areaThe Purchasing Power Index compares the demand for a specific purchasing category in an area, with the national demand for that product or service. The index values at the national level are 100, representing average demand for the country. A value of more than 100 represents higher demand than the national average, and a value of less than 100 represents lower demand than the national average. For example, an index of 120 implies that demand in the area is 20 percent higher than the national average; an index of 80 implies that demand is 20 percent lower than the national average.The source of this data is Michael Bauer Research. The vintage of the data is 2022. This item was last updated in October, 2023 and is updated every 12-18 months as new annual figures are offered.Additional Esri Resources:Esri DemographicsThis item is for visualization purposes only and cannot be exported or used in analysis.We would love to hear from you. If you have any feedback regarding this item or Esri Demographics, please let us know.Permitted use of this data is covered in the DATA section of the Esri Master Agreement (E204CW) and these supplemental terms.

This map shows the purchasing power per capita in Namibia in 2023, in a multiscale map (Country, Region, and Constituency). Nationally, the purchasing power per capita is 50,756 Namibian dollar. Purchasing Power describes the disposable income (income without taxes and social security contributions, including received transfer payments) of a certain area's population. The figures are in Namibian dollar (NAD) per capita.The pop-up is configured to show the following information at each geography level:Purchasing power per capitaPurchasing power index per areaThe Purchasing Power Index compares the demand for a specific purchasing category in an area, with the national demand for that product or service. The index values at the national level are 100, representing average demand for the country. A value of more than 100 represents higher demand than the national average, and a value of less than 100 represents lower demand than the national average. For example, an index of 120 implies that demand in the area is 20 percent higher than the national average; an index of 80 implies that demand is 20 percent lower than the national average.The source of this data is Michael Bauer Research. The vintage of the data is 2023. This item was last updated in October, 2023 and is updated every 12-18 months as new annual figures are offered.Additional Esri Resources:Esri DemographicsThis item is for visualization purposes only and cannot be exported or used in analysis.We would love to hear from you. If you have any feedback regarding this item or Esri Demographics, please let us know.Permitted use of this data is covered in the DATA section of the Esri Master Agreement (E204CW) and these supplemental terms.

This layer shows the purchasing power per capita in Namibia in 2023, in a multiscale map (Country, Region, and Constituency). Nationally, the purchasing power per capita is 50,756 Namibian dollar. Purchasing Power describes the disposable income (income without taxes and social security contributions, including received transfer payments) of a certain area's population. The figures are in Namibian dollar (NAD) per capita.The pop-up is configured to show the following information at each geography level:Purchasing power per capitaPurchasing power index per areaThe Purchasing Power Index compares the demand for a specific purchasing category in an area, with the national demand for that product or service. The index values at the national level are 100, representing average demand for the country. A value of more than 100 represents higher demand than the national average, and a value of less than 100 represents lower demand than the national average. For example, an index of 120 implies that demand in the area is 20 percent higher than the national average; an index of 80 implies that demand is 20 percent lower than the national average.The source of this data is Michael Bauer Research. The vintage of the data is 2023. This item was last updated in October, 2023 and is updated every 12-18 months as new annual figures are offered.Additional Esri Resources:Esri DemographicsThis item is for visualization purposes only and cannot be exported or used in analysis.We would love to hear from you. If you have any feedback regarding this item or Esri Demographics, please let us know.Permitted use of this data is covered in the DATA section of the Esri Master Agreement (E204CW) and these supplemental terms.

The USD/RUB exchange rate fell to 80.0000 on August 1, 2025, down 1.36% from the previous session. Over the past month, the Russian Ruble has weakened 1.36%, but it's up by 6.42% over the last 12 months. Russian Ruble - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on August of 2025.

In 2024, Poland had an inflation rate of 3.72 percent compared to the previous year. Inflation is the rate at which the average price level of selected goods and services in an economy increases over a period of time, and therefore indicates a loss in purchasing power of the local currency. Poland’s economy in the fast lane Poland’s low inflation rate encourages fiscal responsibility on the part of the consumers and coupled with a strong growth in gross domestic product (GDP), the country’s economy is one of the fastest growing in the EU. Over 56 percent of Poland’s GDP comes from its services sector, which had an increase in its business confidence index over the last few years - another indicator of an economy on the rise. Poland and Germany in the EU Poland’s biggest import and export partner is its neighbor, Germany. Both countries are influential members of the European Union, a political and economic institution with about 16 percent of the worldwide GDP. They are both among the ten most populous countries of the EU, together claiming over a 100 million of the 512 million inhabitants in the EU.

The USD/JPY exchange rate fell to 147.2680 on August 1, 2025, down 2.35% from the previous session. Over the past month, the Japanese Yen has weakened 2.61%, and is down by 0.53% over the last 12 months. Japanese Yen - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on August of 2025.

According to Cognitive Market Research, The Global Opal Jewelry market size is USD XX billion in 2023 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.80% from 2023 to 2030.

Consumer awareness of the genuineness of the metals and gems used in jewelry is expanding, which is driving the sector.
Demand for rings remains higher in the opal jewelry market.
The women's sector held the highest opal jewelry market revenue share in 2023.
Europe will continue to lead, whereas the North American opal jewelry market will experience the fastest growth until 2030.

Increasing Disposable Income & Spending Power of Consumers to Provide Viable Market Output

Due to the population's high disposable income and purchasing power, the global economy is expanding, which is driving demand for more luxury products like opal jewelry.

In OECD nations, when adjusted for purchasing power parity, the United States had the highest gross household disposable income per capita in 2021. Their per capita disposable income was close to USD 55,000. With about 50,000 dollars, Luxembourg came in second, and Switzerland came in third.

Additionally, a variety of worldwide traditions relating to the adoption of opal jewelry are anticipated to increase product demand greatly. For instance, in August 2020, an article published by the World Gold Council stated that on significant events, Chinese people customarily give gold presents to the younger family members. In addition, the market will keep growing as more women enter the workforce and as consumer awareness of luxury and contemporary stones rises. The increase in female labour force participation has been one of the most prominent economic developments.

Growing Return On Investment (ROI) to Propel Market Growth

The high return on investment (ROI) of jewelry products is expected to drive the growth of the global opal jewelry market. The return on investment for jewelry has only grown or stayed the same for many years. There have only been a few instances where the cost of the raw materials used to make actual jewelry has fallen. Since there is practically a 100% guarantee that the investment value will not decrease even after years of purchase, jewelry continues to be a popular way for many families or individuals to invest money.

India's gold prices in 2023 have changed over time. The cost of gold has increased considerably since 2022. The price of the yellow metal rose by over Rs. 3,000 during the first six months of the year, an increase of nearly 6.5%.

(Source: www.bankbazaar.com/gold-rate/gold-rate-trend-in-india.html)

Opal jewelry made of materials like gold or diamond lasts a very long time. Unlike other dead assets like automobiles or homes, which may see a drop in demand owing to various social or political circumstances, they exhibit a durability that no other material can demonstrate and may be sold at any moment.

Market Dynamics of the Opal Jewelry

Key Drivers for Opal Jewelry

Increasing Consumer Interest in Distinctive and Customized Jewelry: Opals are prized for their unique play-of-color and individuality, ensuring that every piece is truly unique. As the desire for personal expression through fashion grows, consumers are leaning more towards opals rather than more traditional stones such as diamonds or sapphires for custom and statement jewelry.

Rising Trend of Birthstone and Healing Jewelry: As the birthstone for October, opal carries both sentimental and astrological importance. The increasing popularity of metaphysical and healing jewelry is fueling interest, with consumers linking opals to emotional stability, creativity, and love, particularly in wellness-oriented markets.

Growth of the Online Jewelry Market and E-Commerce Platforms: The emergence of digital jewelry brands and marketplaces such as Etsy, Blue Nile, and Mejuri has enhanced the global accessibility of opal jewelry. Improved product visualization, customization options, and influencer marketing have played a significant role in boosting visibility and consumer confidence in purchasing.

Key Restraints for Opal Jewelry

Concerns Regarding Fragility and Durability Diminish Consumer Trust: Opals are positioned low on the Mohs hardness scale (5.5–6.5), rendering them more susceptible to scratches, fractures, and water damage compared to harder gemstones. This vulnerability impacts their long-term ...

Prices in New Zealand rose by 1.72 percent in 2020. Central bankers at the Reserve Bank of New Zealand were surely relieved to see the rebound from the dangerously low .29 percent inflation in 2015.

What is inflation?

Inflation is the rise in price levels in an economy. 2 percent inflation means 100 New Zealand dollars will be worth 98 dollars in one year. While the precise inflation target varies, most economists agree that inflation between 2 to 3 percent is optimal for an economy. High inflation can lead to higher unemployment because firms would rather wait and higher workers at the same price using future dollars, making the labor relatively cheaper. However, it affects the trade balance because of the relatively higher purchasing power of foreign currencies.

Other risks of inflation and deflation

Inflation helps a country with higher national debt when the debt is in the local currency, because the country can repay with the future dollars which are relatively cheaper. Deflation, then, helps when debts are in a foreign currency. The main problem with deflation is that investors prefer to hold their money, waiting to invest until it is worth more. This is particularly true of countries like New Zealand, where the lion’s share of employment is in the services sector.

When converted to the value of one British pound Sterling in 2019, goods and services that cost one pound in 1210 would cost just over two thousand pounds in 2019, meaning that one pound in 1210 was worth approximately two thousand times more than it is today. This data can be used to calculate how much goods and services from the years shown would cost today, by multiplying the price from then by the number shown in the graph. For example, an item that cost 50 pounds in 1970 would theoretically cost 780 pounds in 2019's money.