A list of some key resources for comparing London with other world cities. European Union/Eurostat, Urban Audit Arcadis, Sustainable cities index AT Kearney, Global Cities Index McKinsey, Urban world: Mapping the economic power of cities Knight Frank, Wealth report OECD, Better Life Index UNODC, Statistics on drugs, crime and criminal justice at the international level Economist, Hot Spots Economist, Global Liveability Ranking and Report August 2014 Mercer, Quality of Living Reports PWC, Cities of opportunity BCG, Decoding Global Talent Forbes, World's most influential cities Mastercard, Global Destination Cities Index Numbeo, Database of user contributed data

In 2024, Sudan was ranked as the most miserable country in the world, with a misery index score of 374.8. Argentina ranked second with an index score of 195.9. Quality of life around the worldThe misery index was created by the economist Arthur Okun in the 1960s. The index is calculated by adding the unemployment rate, the lending rate and the inflation rate minus percent change of GDP per capita. Another famous tool used for the comparison of development of countries around the world is the Human Development Index, which takes into account such factors as life expectancy at birth, literacy rate, education level and gross national income (GNI) per capita. Better economic conditions correlate with higher quality of life Economic conditions affect the life expectancy, which is much higher in the wealthiest regions. With a life expectancy of 85 years, Liechtenstein led the ranking of countries with the highest life expectancy in 2023. On the other hand, Nigeria was the country with the lowest life expectancy, where men were expected to live 55 years as of 2024. The Global Liveability Index ranks the quality of life in cities around the world, basing on political, social, economic and environmental aspects, such as personal safety and health, education and transport services and other public services. In 2024, Vienna was ranked as the city with the highest quality of life worldwide.

Yearly citation counts for the publication titled "The Relationship Between Health Economics and Health-Related Quality of Life".

This dataset forms part of a project derived from the concept of Capability-Adjusted Life Years (CALYs) customized for use in Sweden. CALYs serve as a questionnaire-based tool to gauge the quality of life, based on the capability approach, and is intended for Swedish municipalities to assess the cost-effectiveness of various interventions.

This dataset was utilized to examine how the phrasing impacted the CALY instrument. Three different versions were used to describe the six capabilities, aiming to understand their distribution across the Swedish population. These versions varied in the detail of description for each capability and were distributed among distinct population samples. For instance, regarding health:

Version A: "I have good general health (physical and mental) that allows me to work or to do what I want" Version B: "I have good general health (physical and mental) that almost always (at least 95% of days) allows me to work or to do what I want" Version C: "I have good general health (physical and mental) that mostly (at least 90% of days) allows me to work or to do what I want"

Additionally, the survey encompassed questions concerning aversion to inequality regarding health, salary, and education.

Conducted in June 2020, the study involved an internet-based survey where 500 Swedish residents for each version were sampled through a commercial web-panel, ensuring proportional representation across age, region, education, and gender. The data was collected anonymously with a PHP-based web application for surveys (limesurvey version 4.2.2, https://www.limesurvey.org) which is operated from a server at Umeå University.

Sampling a large participant pool through a commercial web panel offers administrative ease and speed compared to other methods, potentially yielding higher response rates and simpler data handling. However, the recruitment process and the representativeness of web panel participants may lack transparency, necessitating caution while analyzing and interpreting the data.

The final phrasing for capability statements was determined based on the outcomes and normative considerations, such as legal or policy aspects. If there were negligible differences in answer distributions between the three versions, simplicity led to the preference for Version A.

In Swedish municipalities, economic evaluations often rely on a simplistic cost-savings method, posing a risk that short-term cost-saving interventions might be prioritized over those that yield long-term welfare benefits. CALYs provide a systematic means to gauge the welfare impacts of different interventions, enabling comparisons, such as between improved education versus rehabilitation programs for substance abuse. The capability approach, pioneered by Amartya Sen (awarded the Swedish Central Bank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel in 1998), measures life quality based on individuals' capabilities – what they can do or be – as opposed to solely focusing on wealth or happiness.

Identifying relevant capabilities involved a Delphi process engaging stakeholders from the Swedish civil society. Initially, there were ten capabilities from a 2015 Swedish governmental investigation (2015:56), with the Delphi process narrowing down the selection to six: Finance & housing, social relations, health, occupation, security, and civil & political rights.

UNDP first published the Human Development Report in 1990 in collaboration with economist Mehboob Haque, who is credited as the promoter of the HDI Index. The most important aspects of the HDI Index are longevity, healthy living, educational attainment, and quality of life as well as other important factors such as political independence, human rights, and self-respect. UNDP's Human Development Report is a combination of three principles. That is.1) Life expectancy at birth.2) Level of education. (Rate of adult education, rate of primary, secondary, higher education)3) The standard of living. (GDP per capita based on USD)The HDI index is averaged based on the maximum and minimum values of these three elements. According to the report, India was ranked 126th in the HDI Index in 2006. In 2008, Maxine Olson, UNDP Representative in India, and Motek Singh Ahluwalia, Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission, published the Human Development Report in Delhi, in which India was ranked 128th (Value 0.619). Compared to 2006, India has slipped two places.

The city with the lowest quality of life is Harare. Harare leads the ranking with a value of ****.

Data presents survey answers collected from Almaty citizens (n=639)

Cost are rounded to nearest 10. QALYs are rounded to 3 decimal places QALYS; quality adjusted life year, LNG-IUS; levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system, ICER; incremental cost-effectiveness ratio.*Deterministic sensitivity analysis 1 =  Use median utility values.#Deterministic sensitivity analysis 2 =  Use NICE assumptions.°Deterministic sensitivity analysis 3 =  Assigning EQ-5D completion date utility for change treatment, if change treatment date is the same as EQ-5D completion date.

The data consist of two parts: Time trade-off (TTO) data with one row per TTO question (5 questions), and discrete choice experiment (DCE) data with one row per question (6 questions). The purpose of the data is the calculation of a Swedish value set for the capability-adjusted life years (CALY-SWE) instrument. To protect the privacy of the study participants and to comply with GDPR, access to the data is given upon request.

The data is provided in 4 .csv files with the names:

• tto.csv (252 kB)
• dce.csv (282 kB)
• weights_final_model.csv (30 kB)
• coefs_final_model.csv (1 kB)

The first two files (tto.csv, dce.csv) contain the time trade-off (TTO) answers and discrete choice experiment (DCE) answers of participants. The latter two files (weight_final_model.csv, coefs_final_model.csv) contain the generated value set of CALY-SWE weights, and the pertaining coefficients of the main effects additive model.

Background:

CALY-SWE is a capability-based instrument for studying Quality of Life (QoL). It consists of 6 attributes (health, social relations, financial situation & housing, occupation, security, political & civil rights) and provides the option to gives for attribute answers on 3 levels (Agree, Agree partially, Do not agree). A configuration or state is one of the 3^6 = 729 possible situations that the instrument describes. Here, a config is denoted in the form of xxxxxx, one x for each attribute in order above. X is a digit corresponding to the level of the respective attribute, with 3 being the highest (Agree), and 1 being the lowest (Do not agree). For example, 222222 encodes a configuration with all attributes on level 2 (Partially agree). The purpose of this dataset is to support the publication of the CALY-SWE value set and to enable reproduction of the calculations (due to privacy concerns we abstain from publishing individual level characteristics). A value set consists of values on the 0 to 1 scale for all 729, each of represents a quality weighting where 1 is the highest capability-related QoL, and 0 the lowest capability-related QoL.

The data contains answers to two types of questions: TTO and DCE.

In TTO questions, participants iteratively chose a number of years between 1 to 10. A choice of 10 years is equivalent to living 10 years with full capability (state configuration 333333) in the capability state that the TTO question describes. The answer on the 0 to 1 scale is then calculated as x/10. In the DCE questions, participants were given two states and they chose a state that they found to be better. We used a hybrid model with a linear regression and a logit model component, where the coefficients were linked through a multiplicative factor, to obtain the weights (weights_final_model.csv). Each weight is calculated as constant + the coefficients for the respective configuration. Coefficients for level 3 encode the difference to level 2, and coefficients for level 2 the difference to the constant. For example, for the weight for 123112 is calculated as constant + socrel2 + finhou2 + finhou3 + polciv2 (No coefficients for health, occupation, and security involved as they are on level 1 that is captured in the constant/intercept).

To assess the quality of TTO answers, we calculated a score per participant that takes into account inconsistencies in answering the TTO question. We then excluded 20% of participants with the worst score to improve the TTO data quality and signal strength for the model (this is indicated by the 'included' variable in the TTO dataset). Details of the entire survey are described in the preprint “CALY-SWE value set: An integrated approach for a valuation study based on an online-administered TTO and DCE survey” by Meili et al. (2023). Please check this document for updated versions.

Ids have been randomized with preserved linkage between the DCE and TTO dataset.

Data files and variables:

Below is a description of the variables in each CSV file. - tto.csv:

config: 6 numbers representing the attribute levels. position: The number of the asked TTO question. tto_block: The design block of the TTO question. answer: The equivalence value indicated by the participant, ranging from 0.1 to 1 in steps of 0.1. included: If the answer was included in the data for the model to generate the value set. id: Randomized id of the participant.

• dce.csv:

config1: Configuration of the first state in the question. config2: Configuration of the second state in the question. position: The number of the asked TTO question. answer: Whether state 1 or 2 was preferred. id: Randomized id of the participant.

• weights_final_model.csv

config: 6 numbers representing the attribute levels. weight: The weight calculated with the final model. ciu: The upper 95% credible interval. cil: The lower 95% credible interval.

• coefs_final_model.csv:

name: Name of the coefficient, composed of an abbreviation for the attribute and a level number (abbreviations in the same order as above: health, socrel, finhou, occu, secu, polciv). value: Continuous, weight on the 0 to 1 scale. ciu: The upper 95% credible interval. cil: The lower 95% credible interval.

This map contains Gross Domestic Product - the total value of goods produced and services provided - by country, per capita in 2016, expressed in 2016 US Dollars. Expressing the GDP in "per capita" terms allows for better comparisons across countries. Total GDP is available in an accompanying map. GDP as a measure has been largely criticized as an incomplete measure of productivity and wealth, as it does not take into account production in the informal economy, quality of life, degradation to the environment, or income distribution. However, GDP is an internationally comparable measure, used in everything from banks setting interest rates to political campaign speeches.Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators.

This data publication includes a compilation of publicly-available county-level data on indicators relating to forest-dependence and community capitals for all states in the United States, including the District of Columbia from 2014-2019. A community’s forest-dependence is defined by its spatial, economic, and cultural relationship with the forest. Community capitals are assets or resources that can be employed to develop communities that are economically, environmentally, and socially sustainable. Together, these data provide information on the extent to which communities that depend on forests for their well-being, livelihoods, quality of life, or cultural identity are able to respond and adapt to social and economic change. The variables were selected because they allow wall-to-wall geographic coverage and come from consistent public sources with a historical track record, which should enable reporting on the health of forest-dependent counties and trends over time. Data include, but are not limited to: location information, various population and education metrics, employment and earnings data for the forest sector and all sectors, forest area, land and water area, percent of forest land used, internet availability, and employment. Also included are identifiers for counties meeting three different forest dependence criterions: spatial relationship, economic dependence, and cultural connection.These data were compiled primarily for the purpose of reporting Indicator 6.38: "Resilience of forest-dependent communities" within the U.S. National Report on Sustainable Forests (McGinley et al. 2023), which is part of the U.S. commitment to reporting on forest conditions under the Montreal Process.For more information about these data see Frey et al. (2021).

This data publication was originally published on 02/14/2022. On 01/04/2023 and 06/10/2024, minor metadata updates were made which included providing additional information for variables as well as updates to citations and website URLs.

ObjectivesTo validate the ICECAP-O capability wellbeing measure’s German translation in older people with dementia living in a nursing home, and to investigate the influence of proxy characteristics on responses.MethodCross-sectional study. For 95 residents living in a German nursing home, questionnaires were completed by nursing professionals serving as proxy respondents. We investigated the convergent validity of the ICECAP-O with other Quality of Life (Qol) measures, the EQ-5D extended with a cognitive dimension (EQ-5D+C), the Alzheimer’s Disease Related Quality of Life (ADRQL) measures, and the Barthel-index measure of Activities of Daily Living (ADL). Discriminant validity was investigated using bivariate and multivariate stepwise regression analysis, comparing ICECAP-O scores between subgroups varying in dementia severity, care dependency, ADL status and demographic characteristics.ResultsConvergent validity between the ICECAP-O, EQ-5D+C, ADRQL and Barthel-Index scores was moderate to good (with correlations of 0.72, 0.69 and 0.53 respectively), but differed considerably between dimensions of the instruments. Discriminant validity was confirmed by finding differences in ICECAP-O scores between subgroups based on ADL scores (0.58 below 65 points on the Barthel-index and 0.80 above 65 points) and other characteristics. The ICECAP-O scores based on available tariffs were related to proxy characteristics gender (0.52 males versus 0.65 females) and work experience (0.61 below 2 years of experience versus 0.68 above 2 years).DiscussionThe results of this study suggest that the ICECAP-O is a promising generic measure for general Qol and capability of people with dementia living in a nursing home. Validity tests generally yielded favorable results. Work experience and gender appeared to influence proxy response, which raises questions regarding appropriate proxies, especially since the ICECAP-O may be completed by proxies relatively often. Further research is necessary to validate the German version of the ICECAP-O, with specific attention to proxy completion for people with dementia.

В этом разделе представлен актуальный (периодически обновляемый в соответствии с последними результатами исследования) список стран мира, упорядоченных по Индексу качества жизни. Данные с результатами последнего исследования опубликованы в 2005 году.

The survey charted Finnish attitudes and values. The respondents were presented with a series of attitudinal statements covering occupational life, work-life balance, social welfare, environmental issues, influencing, decision-making, political life, economy, globalisation, and political power. They were also asked how the government should prioritise different areas of its activity including employment, taxation, education, health care, environmental protection, social security, regional policy, and equality between men and women. The respondents also gave their opinions on whether different forces in society (e.g. labour movement, church, market forces, police, the media, citizens) have too much, just the right amount, or too little power. The respondents' views on taxation were charted by asking them whether taxes are generally too high in Finland, whether the security and services in Finnish society received in exchange for taxes are sufficient, whether the total tax rate should be lowered to the average level of the EU countries, whether the focus of taxation should be shifted from work to consumption, and whether the respondents experience their taxation as unjust. Opinions on the most desirable, the least desirable, and the most likely government coalition were investigated. Views were also probed on the party affiliation of the next prime minister, and on how different values should be emphasised in developing Finnish society (e.g. social and economic equality, ability to undertake bold reforms, freedom of competition and entrepreneurship, individual responsibility for one's own welfare). Opinions on women's position in the labour market were charted with the help of attitudinal statements. The respondents gave their views on whether women usually consider their decisions more carefully than men, whether female politicians are just as tough and calculating as their male co-workers, whether gender quotas should be used for instance in the management of enterprises, and whether it is wrong that women still do not always receive the same pay as men doing the same work. Finally, there were three questions on the EU membership, Euro, and EU enlargement. Background variables included the respondent's gender, age group, size of municipality of residence, education, and industry of employment.

In this thesis, I evaluated the impact of rare diseases from a health, social, and economic perspective. This study included patients with rare diseases in Hong Kong, recruited from hospitals from the Hospital Authority, and from patient groups. Patient's family members, and other health and social care professionals were also recruited. For the evaluation of the clinical and economic implication of genomic technologies in the healthcare setting, critically ill patients with suspected monogenic disorder were recruited from the clinical setting, and were offered rapid whole-exome sequencing (rWES). DNA sample collection, library preparation, variant analysis, and data interpretation were performed. Patient's healthcare record (electronic patient record) was also reviewed. There were patient's demographic data, sequencing data and healthcare utilisation data, all of which were strictly confidential. Participants did not provide consent for the data to be shared. In addition, to evaluate the health, social, and economic consequences of rare diseases in Hong Kong, participants were recruited to complete the Client Service Receipt Inventory for the RAre disease population (CSRI-Ra), which is a tool to collect comprehensive socio-economic data in both the healthcare and social care setting. Data are sensitive and included but not limited to data on patient's demographics, HKID, rare diseases, income, social security support, employment, healthcare utilisation record, medication record, resource utilisation, informal carer support, health status, quality of life, etc. Participants were reminded that the data will be kept strictly confidential and will not be shared.

BACKGROUND: Methods for determining cost-effectiveness of different treatments are well established, unlike appraisal of non-drug interventions, including novel diagnostics and biomarkers. OBJECTIVE: We develop and validate a new health economic model by comparing cost-effectiveness of tuberculin skin test, TST; blood test, IGRA; and TST followed by IGRA in conditional sequence, in screening health care workers for latent or active TB. DESIGN: We focus on healthy life years gained as the benefit metric, rather than quality adjusted life years (QALYs) given limited data to estimate quality-adjustments of life years with TB and complications of treatment, like hepatitis. Healthy life years gained refers to the number of TB or hepatitis cases avoided, and the increase in life expectancy. We incorporate disease and test parameters informed by systematic meta-analyses and clinical practice. Health and economic outcomes of each strategy are modelled as a decision tree in Markov chains, representing different health states informed by epidemiology. Cost and effectiveness values are generated as the individual is cycled through 20 years of the model. Key parameters undergo one-way and Monte Carlo probabilistic sensitivity analyses. SETTING: Screening health care workers in secondary and tertiary care. RESULTS: IGRA is the most effective strategy, with incremental costs per healthy life year gained of £10,614 - £20,929, base case, £8,021 - £18,348, market costs TST £45, IGRA £90, IGRA specificities of 99% - 97%; mean (5%, 95%), £12,060 (£4,137 - £38,418) by Monte Carlo analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Incremental costs per healthy life year gained, a conservative estimate of benefit, are comparable to the £20,000 - £30,000 NICE band for IGRA alone, across wide differences in disease and test parameters. Health gains justify IGRA costs, even if IGRA tests cost three times TST. This health economic model offers a powerful tool for appraising non-drug interventions in the market and under development.

Utility values are rounded to 3 decimal places. α and β values for the PSA distribution are rounded to the nearest whole number. LNG-IUS; levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system, PSA; probabilistic sensitivity analysis.#Values used in sensitivity analysis 4.

Network of 39 papers and 58 citation links related to "The Relationship Between Health Economics and Health-Related Quality of Life".

The Targeted Neighborhood Initiative (TNI) is a new effort that strategically focuses public and private sector resources to revitalize communities throughout Los Angeles. Twelve designated neighborhoods will each receive $3 million within a 3-year period to develop, implement and sustain public improvements in their neighborhoods. The people who live and work in the community will make the decision on how the money will be spent. The goal of the TNI is to empower community stakeholders to determine the future of their neighborhoods so that they can: Improve the quality of life in the neighborhood within a three year period. Establish sustainable community improvements to be defined and measured by community expectations. Develop a winning community revitalization formula that can be applied in other neighborhoods throughout Los Angeles.The TNI is achievable by strategically integrating and leveraging existing city services and investments within a geographic area. Through designated teams consisting of city representatives, community stakeholders can access city resources and supplemental Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) funds to revitalize their neighborhood according to their needs, wishes and vision. This allows each neighborhood to maintain its unique identity and to set its own priorities for growth.Refresh Rate: As NeededLast Updated: Nov 9, 2018

The Rural Finland survey explores the meaning and future of rural areas. The aim of the survey is to provide information on how Finns perceive the countryside. The study is a continuation of the surveys conducted in the Landmarks Programme of the Finnish Innovation Fund (Sitra) in 2009 and 2011. The aim of this part of the survey is to explore Finnish citizens' perceptions of the different regions of Finland and this part includes the Swedish-speaking population of Finland. First, respondents were asked what kind of images they had of the countryside and the city. They were also asked how different areas correspond to their perception of the countryside. In addition, they wanted to know how strong the rural/urban identity was perceived by the respondents. Then, they were asked how different environments are related to their lives and how much time they spend in these different environments and places. Further questions were asked about the elements of a good life and how important respondents perceive certain things to be in terms of a good life and how they are implemented in their own case. Next, the respondents were asked what the countryside means to them today and what the countryside is likely to mean in 10 years' time. They were also asked to assess how the meaning of rural areas will change in the future. Then respondents were presented with future scenarios for the countryside and asked which of them best reflected their hopes for the future of the countryside and how they thought things would be in 2035. They were also asked about climate change and its relationship to rural areas and trends in rural development. Finally, statements were made on current issues related to the countryside. In addition, questions were asked about entrepreneurship in rural areas and whether the respondent was or was about to become an entrepreneur in a rural area. Background variables were, among others, regional information, year of birth, gender, education, occupational status, gross household income, which political party they would vote for, household size, number and age of children, and type of residence.