Historical dataset of population level and growth rate for the Quebec, Canada metro area from 1950 to 2025.

Estimated number of persons by quarter of a year and by year, Canada, provinces and territories.

Canada's largest metropolitan area is Toronto, in Ontario. In 2022. Over 6.6 million people were living in the Toronto metropolitan area. Montréal, in Quebec, followed with about 4.4 million inhabitants, while Vancouver, in Britsh Columbia, counted 2.8 million people as of 2022.

Annual population estimates as of July 1st, by census metropolitan area and census agglomeration, single year of age, five-year age group and gender, based on the Standard Geographical Classification (SGC) 2021.

This statistic shows the estimated population of Quebec, Canada from 2000 to 2023. In 2023, the estimated population of Quebec was about *** million people. This is an increase from 2000, when about **** million people were living in Quebec.

This table presents the 2021 and 2016 population and dwelling counts, land area and population density for Quebec and regional county municipalities (RCMs). It also shows the percentage change in the population and dwelling counts between 2016 and 2021.

The majority of the Canadian population, about 60% is concentrated within a thin belt of land representing 2.2% of the land between Windsor, Ontario and Quebec City. Even though Canada is the second largest country in the world in terms of land area, it only ranks 33rd in terms of population. The agricultural areas in the Prairies and eastern Canada have higher population densities than the sparsely populated North, but not as high as southern Ontario or southern Quebec.

Footnotes: 1 Population estimates based on the Standard Geographical Classification (SGC) 2011 as delineated in the 2011 Census. 2 A census metropolitan area (CMA) is formed by one or more adjacent municipalities centred on a population centre (known as the core). A CMA must have a total population of at least 100,000 of which 50,000 or more must live in the core. To be included in the CMA, other adjacent municipalities must have a high degree of integration with the core, as measured by commuting flows derived from previous census place of work data. Once an area becomes a CMA, it is retained as a CMA even if its total population declines below 100,000 or the population of its core falls below 50,000. Small population centres with a population count of less than 10,000 are called fringe. All areas inside the CMA that are not population centres are rural areas. All CMAs are subdivided into census tracts. 3 Postcensal estimates are based on the latest census counts adjusted for census net undercoverage (including adjustment for incompletely enumerated Indian reserves) and for the estimated population growth that occurred since that census. Intercensal estimates are based on postcensal estimates and census counts adjusted of the censuses preceding and following the considered year. 4 Preliminary postcensal population estimates for census metropolitan areas (CMAs) in Quebec and British Columbia were prepared by l'Institut de la statistique du Québec" (ISQ) and BC Stats Ministry of Labour and Citizens' Services respectively. Estimates for Quebec were based on statistics derived from the registration file for insured people of the "Régie de l'assurance-maladie". Estimates for British Columbia were produced using a regression model based upon changes in residential electrical (hydro) connections and Ministry of Health Client Registry counts. These estimates were controlled to Statistics Canada provincial estimates. Please note that for these two specific cases5 Population estimates for July 1 are final intercensal from 2001 to 2010, final postcensal for 2011 to 2013, updated postcensal for 2014 to 2016 and preliminary postcensal for 2017. 6 The population growth, which is used to calculate population estimates of Census metropolitan areas (CANSIM 051-0056), is comprised of the components of population growth (CANSIM 051-0057). 7 This table replaces CANSIM table 051-0046. 8 Please refer to table 17100135 for more recent data. 9 Age at July 1.

The majority of the Canadian population, about 60% is concentrated within a thin belt of land representing 2.2% of the land between Windsor, Ontario and Quebec City. Even though Canada is the second largest country in the world in terms of land area, it only ranks 33rd in terms of population. The agricultural areas in the Prairies and eastern Canada have higher population densities than the sparsely populated North, but not as high as southern Ontario or southern Quebec.

This statistic shows the population distribution of Quebec in 2016, by urban/rural type. In 2016, 59.2 percent of Quebec's population lived in large urban population centers.

This table contains 13 series, with data for years 1926 - 1960 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years), and was last released on 2000-02-18. This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (13 items: Canada; Newfoundland and Labrador; Prince Edward Island; Nova Scotia ...).

#Description of the distribution areas of local populations of woodland caribou, forest ecotype, in Quebec The data represent the distribution areas of 13 local populations and two areas of knowledge acquisition for woodland caribou, a forest ecotype in Quebec (hereinafter forest caribou). The file contains the polygons and the name assigned to each population or knowledge acquisition sector, the period covered by the telemetry data used during the delimitation exercise, and the date these boundaries were last updated. The information contained in the file of occurrences of species in a precarious situation of the Quebec Natural Heritage Data Center (CDPNQ) is also present in the file (CDPNQ occurrence number, French, English and scientific name of the species, the type of occurrence, the rank of precariousness [rank S] and the status under the Act Respecting Threatened or Vulnerable Species, see MELCCFP 2023 for a description of these fields.). ## #Contexte The Ministry of the Environment, the Fight against Climate Change, Wildlife and Parks (hereinafter MELCCFP) is responsible for the monitoring and management of forest caribou in Quebec (Government of Quebec, 2021 a). In 2017-2018, the MELCCFP improved its monitoring activities in order to obtain an accurate and up-to-date portrait of the situation of the various populations on its territory (see Literature review on the factors involved in the decline of caribou populations in Quebec, Government of Quebec, 2021 b). The local population has been identified as the appropriate monitoring and management scale for this species since each population may face different threats depending on the habitat and socio-economic context in which it is found (Environment Canada, 2008). It is within this framework that the work to identify and delimit the distribution areas of forest caribou populations carried out in 2021-2022 is part of. The local population is defined as a group of caribou occupying a defined territory that is spatially distinct from the territories occupied by other caribou groups. The dynamics of the local population are determined primarily by local factors influencing birth and mortality rates, rather than by the contributions or losses resulting from immigration or emigration between groups. Therefore, the ranges of local forest caribou populations in this file are defined as the geographic area where a group of individuals exposed to similar factors influencing their demographics live and which meets the needs of their life cycle over a given period of time (e.g. calving, rutting, wintering). Note that for the two knowledge acquisition sectors, Baie-James and Matamec, the number of caribou monitored and the temporal scale of monitoring do not allow to date clearly conclude that they are distinct local populations or to associate these caribou with an adjacent population. ## #Méthodologie in a nutshell The forest caribou populations in Charlevoix and Val-d'Or were excluded from the following manipulations, as their geographic isolation is sufficient to demonstrate that they are local populations distinct from other caribou groups. A minimal convex polygon was made using 100% of telemetry data from 2004-2012 and 2017-2021 for the population of Charlevoix and from 1986 to 2020 for that of Val-d'Or. For other forest caribou populations, telemetry data from collars placed on caribou by the MELCCFP and various partners (Université Laval, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Hydro-Québec, Government of Ontario and Government of Ontario and Government of Newfoundland and Labrador) were used to identify and delimit the distribution areas of local populations. The data ranges from 2001 to 2021, but the period covered by the data varies by sector of study (see field: Layer tempo for information). Forest caribou populations in Quebec were identified by assigning caribou monitored by telemetry to a population using the fuzzy classification method (c-mean fuzzy clustering; Schaefer et al., 2001; Schaefer et al., 2001; Schaefer and Wilson, 2002). This method aims to unite individuals into groups in order to maximize the distance between members of distinct groups and to minimize the distance between members of the same group. Centroids from individual home ranges were used in this analysis. The ranges were delineated by creating minimal convex polygons including 100% of caribou locations (100% MCP) assigned to a population. For the Baie-James sector, the area was delimited by removing the overlaps between the area inventoried in 2020 (Szor and Gingras, 2020) and the distribution areas of the surrounding local populations. For the Matamec sector, the area represents the non-overlap between the distribution area of the local population of the Lower North Shore and a minimum convex polygon encompassing all telemetry data for caribou in the Matamec sector and the local Lower North Shore population. The acquisition of knowledge on the distribution of caribou and the presence of distinct populations continues in the Baie-James sector (Nord-du-Québec) and the Matamec sector (Côte-Nord). The last update was made in 2021-2022. ## #Mise in custody and data use limits: * The distribution areas of forest caribou populations in Quebec in this file represent the state of knowledge on the use of land by caribou between 2001 and 2021. * Information on the ranges of local populations does not make it possible to establish with certainty that caribou are absent in territories outside the ranges. * Distribution areas represent areas where caribou belonging to the same population are likely to be found. They do not make it possible to identify the sectors used more or less strongly by caribou in this population or the sectors used by caribou to move within the range or from one population to another (connectivity sectors). * The ranges are subject to change, depending on the new telemetry data that will be acquired, the refinement of our local knowledge and the changes in the patterns of land use by caribou. ## #Littérature Environment Canada. 2008. Scientific review for the identification of critical habitat for the boreal population of woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) in Canada. August 2008. Ottawa: Environment Canada. 80 pp. + 192 pp. appendices Government of Quebec. 2021 a. Monitoring system for forest caribou populations in Quebec and mountain caribou in Gaspésie 2020-2031: summary document, Ministry of Forests, Wildlife and Parks, Directorate of Expertise on Terrestrial Wildlife, Herpetofauna and Avifauna, 16 pp. Government of Quebec. 2021 b. Literature review on the factors involved in the decline of forest caribou populations in Quebec and mountain caribou in Gaspésie, Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs, Direction of expertise on terrestrial fauna, herpetofauna and avifauna, 244 pp. + 15p. appendices Ministry of the Environment, the Fight against Climate Change, Wildlife and Parks (MELCCFP). 2023. The Quebec Natural Heritage Data Center — Information document, Government of Quebec, Quebec, 32 pp. Schaefer, J.A., Veitch, A.M., Harrington, F.H., Harrington, F.H., Brown, W.K., Theberge, J.B., & Luttich, S.N. 2001. Fuzzy structure and spatial dynamics of a declining woodland caribou population. Oecologia, 126 (4), 507—514. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420000555 Schaefer, J.A., & Wilson, C.C. 2002. The fuzzy structure of populations. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 80 (12), 2235—2241. https://doi.org/10.1139/z02-184 Szor, G and G. Gingras. 2020. Aerial inventory of forest caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) in the James Bay, Rupert and La Grande sectors, Nord-du-Québec, in winter 2020, Ministry of Forests, Wildlife and Parks, Direction de la gestion de la fauna du Nord-du-Québec, 31 p. This third party metadata element was translated using an automated translation tool (Amazon Translate).

Comprehensive demographic dataset for Quebec, CA including population statistics, household income, housing units, education levels, employment data, and transportation with year-over-year changes.

In 2048, the population in Manitoba is projected to reach about 1.84 million people. This is compared to a population of 1.46 million people in 2024.

#Mise in custody and data use limits: * ** The report by Lesmerises and St-Laurent (2018) must be cited when using this file (see Literature section) . ** * The distribution area of the mountain caribou population in Gaspésie in this file represents the state of knowledge on the use of land by mountain caribou between 1988 and 2016. * Information on the distribution of the local population does not make it possible to establish with certainty that caribou are absent in territories outside this range. * The range is subject to change, depending on new telemetry data that will be acquired, as our local knowledge is refined, and as caribou land use patterns change. ## #Description of the distribution area of the local woodland caribou population, mountain ecotype, Gaspésie population The data represent the distribution area of woodland caribou, mountain ecotype, population of Gaspésie (hereinafter mountain caribou of Gaspésie). The file contains the polygon and the name assigned to the population, the period covered by the telemetry data used during the delimitation exercise, and the date of the last update. The information contained in the file of occurrences of species in a precarious situation of the Quebec Natural Heritage Data Center (CDPNQ) is also present in the file (CDPNQ occurrence number, French, English and scientific name of the species, the type of occurrence, the rank of precariousness (rank S) and the status under the Act Respecting Threatened or Vulnerable Species, see MELCCFP 2023 for a description of these fields.). ## #Contexte of the publication The Ministry of the Environment, the Fight against Climate Change, Wildlife and Parks (hereinafter MELCCFP) is responsible for the monitoring and management of mountain caribou in Gaspésie (Government of Quebec, 2021 a, b). The local population has been identified as the appropriate monitoring and management scale for this species since each population may face different threats depending on the habitat and socio-economic context in which it is found (Environment Canada, 2008). The local population is defined as a group of caribou occupying a defined territory that is spatially distinct from the territories occupied by other caribou groups. The dynamics of the local population are determined primarily by local factors influencing birth and mortality rates, rather than by the contributions or losses resulting from immigration or emigration between groups. As a result, the distribution area of the local population of mountain caribou in Gaspésie is defined as the geographic area where a group of individuals exposed to similar factors influencing their demographics live and which meets the needs of their life cycle during a given period of time (e.g. calving, rutting, wintering). In 2018, Lesmerises and St-Laurent produced the report Influence of the rate of habitat disturbance, regional coyote abundance, and predator control on the demographic parameters of the Gaspesia-Atlantic caribou population report presented to the Canadian Wildlife Service (Environment Canada). One of the objectives of the report was to delineate the range of this population. The MELCCFP uses the distribution area delimited by Lesmerises and St-Laurent (2018) as part of the monitoring and management of mountain caribou in Gaspésie. For any questions related to the Lesmerises and St-Laurent report (2018), please contact Mr. St-Laurent (Martin-hugues_St-laurent@uqar.ca). ## #Méthodologie in a nutshell The methodology presented here is a summary of that described in Lesmerises and St-Laurent (2018). Telemetry data from three follow-ups carried out during different periods of time were used (1988-1991, 1998-2008 and 2013-2016). The caribou were equipped with VHF collars during the first two follow-ups. Aerial flights were carried out at various times in order to locate the caribou. During the follow-up from 2013 to 2016, the caribou were equipped with GPS/Argos collars programmed to acquire locations every 2 or 3 hours depending on the collar model used. The range of the mountain caribou population in Gaspésie was defined by estimating a minimum convex polygon comprising 99% of telemetry locations plus a 10 km buffer zone. Finally, the parts superimposed on the St. Lawrence River were removed. ## #Littérature Environment Canada. 2008. Scientific review for the identification of critical habitat for the boreal population of woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) in Canada. August 2008. Ottawa: Environment Canada. 80 pp. + 192 pp. appendices. Government of Quebec. 2021 a. Monitoring system for forest caribou populations in Quebec and mountain caribou in Gaspésie 2020-2031: summary document, Ministry of Forests, Wildlife and Parks, Directorate of Expertise on Terrestrial Wildlife, Herpetofauna and Avifauna, 16 pp. Government of Quebec. 2021 b. Literature review on the factors involved in the decline of forest caribou populations in Quebec and mountain caribou in Gaspésie, Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs, Direction of expertise on terrestrial fauna, herpetofauna and avifauna, 244 pp. + 15p. appendices Lesmerises, F. and M.-H. St-Laurent. 2018. Influence of the rate of habitat disturbance, regional coyote abundance, and predator control on the demographic parameters of the caribou population in Gaspesia-Atlantique. Scientific report submitted to Environment Canada — Canadian Wildlife Service, Rimouski (Quebec). 22 pp. + 8 appendices. Ministry of the Environment, the Fight against Climate Change, Wildlife and Parks (MELCCFP). 2023. The Quebec Natural Heritage Data Center — Information document, Government of Quebec, Quebec, 32 pp.**This third party metadata element was translated using an automated translation tool (Amazon Translate).**

Contained within the 1st Edition (1906) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate that shows two maps. The maps show the density of population per square mile for every township the Maritime Provinces, Quebec and Ontario, circa 1901. Cities and towns of 5000 inhabitants or more are shown as black dots. The size of the circle is proportionate to the population. The map uses eight classes, seven of which are shades of brown, more densely populated portions are shown in the darker tints. Numbers make it clear which class is being shown in any one township.

At present, Hudson, QC has a population of 5,185 people. Overall, the population of Hudson, QC is growing at a rate of 0.54% per year over the past 15 years from 2001 to 2016. In the last two census, its populations grew by 50 people, an average growth rate of 0.19% per year from 2011 to 2016.

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate that shows the distribution of population in what is now Canada circa 1851, 1871, 1901, 1921 and 1941. The five maps display the boundaries of the various colonies, provinces and territories for each date. Also shown on these five maps are the locations of principal cities and settlements. These places are shown on all of the maps for reference purposes even though they may not have been in existence in the earlier years. Each map is accompanied by a pie chart providing the percentage distribution of Canadian population by province and territory corresponding to the date the map is based on. It should be noted that the pie chart entitled Percentage Distribution of Total Population, 1851, refers to the whole of what was then British North America. The name Canada in this chart refers to the province of Canada which entered confederation in 1867 as Ontario and Quebec. The other pie charts, however, show only percentage distribution of population in what was Canada at the date indicated. Three additional graphs are included on this plate and show changes in the distribution of the population of Canada from 1867 to 1951, changes in the percentage distribution of the population of Canada by provinces and territories from 1867 to 1951 and elements in the growth of the population of Canada for each ten-year period from 1891 to 1951.

Footnotes: 1 Population estimates based on the Standard Geographical Classification (SGC) 2016 as delineated in the 2016 Census. 2 A census subdivision (CSD) is a municipality (as determined by provincial/territorial legislation) or an area treated as municipal equivalent for statistical purposes (e.g., Indian reserves, Indian settlements and unorganized territories). Municipal status is defined by laws in effect in each province and territory in Canada. Census subdivisions (CSDs) are classified into 53 types according to official designations adopted by provincial/territorial or federal authorities." 3 Postcensal estimates are based on the latest census counts adjusted for census net undercoverage (including adjustment for incompletely enumerated Indian reserves) and on the estimated population growth that occurred since that census, as calculated using fiscal data. Intercensal estimates are based on postcensal estimates and census counts adjusted of the censuses preceding and following the considered year. Population estimates for census subdivisions (CSDs) in Quebec are provided by l'Institut de la statistique du Québec" (ISQ). Population estimates for CSDs in Alberta are provided by Alberta’s Office of Statistics and Information (OSI) in current geography for July 1 2016 and after. They are converted to the appropriate standard geographical classification (SGC) using geographical relationships provided by the OSI. Due to this geographical difference small discrepancies may exist between CSD populations released by Statistics Canada for Alberta and those found directly on the OSI’s website. CSD population estimates for Alberta prior to July 14 Population estimates as of July 1 are final intercensal up to 2015, final postcensal for 2016 to 2019, updated postcensal for 2020 and preliminary postcensal for 2021. 5 In order to categorize CSDs by population size (5,000-plus; under 5,000), population estimates as of July 1, 2016 are used. Moreover, within each category, CSDs are presented in ascending order on the basis of their population as of July 1, 2016. 6 Population estimates by age and sex for census subdivisions are available upon request as a custom cost-recovery product by contacting the Centre for Demography client services mailbox (statcan.demography-demographie.statcan@statcan.gc.ca).

This file contains the genealogy of French Canadian individuals married in Quebec between the beginning of European settlement in the early 17th century and 1960 was compiled in the BALSAC database. (N = 4,364,381 individuals, as of March 2015, http://balsac.uqac.ca) - ‘individual’: recoded individual number ; - ‘father’: recoded father's number; - ‘mother’: recoded mother's number; - ‘sex’: individual sexe; - ‘immigrant’: logical value (true ou false) specifying if the individual is an immigrant (the first of his uniparental lineage to have married in Quebec); - ‘founder’: a logical value (true or false) specifying if the individual is a founder (the first of his uniparental lineage); - ‘married’: a logical value (true or false) specifying whether the individual is married; - ‘maternal_lineage’: the maternal lineage number of the individual if it is a woman; - 'paternal_lineage’: the paternal lineage number of the individual if it is a man; - ‘wedding_year’: the year of the individual's first marriage (deduced from a data frame containing all marriages, sorted by couple); - ‘wedding_parish’: URB of the individual's first marriage (deduced from a data frame that contained all marriages, sorted by couple); - ‘estimated_wedding_year’: year of marriage estimated for individuals who do not have one (20 years minus the year of marriage of the couple's first child); - ‘number_married_children’: number of the individual's children who have married; - ‘number_married_children_Quebec’: number of the individual's children who were married in Quebec; - ‘number_married_sons’ : number of sons of the individual who got married; - ’number_married_daughters’: number of daughters of the individual who got married; - ‘number_married_sons_Quebec’: number of the individual's sons who married in Quebec; - ‘number_married_daughters_Quebec’: number of the individual's daughters who married in Quebec; - ‘maternal_lineage_including_males’: the maternal lineage number of the individual even if the individual is a man; - ‘region’: region where the individual was married.