This collection provides users with data about R&D expenditure and R&D personnel broken down by the following institutional sectors: business enterprise (BES); government (GOV); higher education (HES); private non-profit (PNP), total of all sectors.

The R&D expenditure is broken down by source of funds; sector of performance; type of costs; type of R&D; fields of research and development (FORD); https://circabc.europa.eu/ui/group/c1b49c83-24a7-4ff2-951c-621ac0a89fd8/library/b4b841e5-d200-41bc-8f23-d0b1e034f689?p=1&n=10&sort=modified_DESC">socio-economic objectives (NABS 2007) and by regions (https://showvoc.op.europa.eu/#/datasets/ESTAT_Nomenclature_of_Territorial_Units_for_Statistics/data">NUTS 2 level). The business enterprise sector is further broken down by economic activity (https://showvoc.op.europa.eu/#/datasets/ESTAT_Statistical_Classification_of_Economic_Activities_in_the_European_Community_Rev._2/data">NACE Rev.2); size class; industry orientation.

R&D personnel data are broken down by professional position; sector of performance; educational attainment level; sex; field of research and development (https://www.oecd.org/innovation/frascati-manual-2015-9789264239012-en.htm">FORD); regions (https://showvoc.op.europa.eu/#/datasets/ESTAT_Nomenclature_of_Territorial_Units_for_Statistics/data">NUTS 2 level); for the business enterprise sector is further broken down in size class and economic activity (NACE Rev.2). Researchers are further broken down by age class and citizenship.

The periodicity of R&D data are every two years, except for the key R&D indicators (R&D expenditure, R&D personnel (in Full Time Equivalent - FTE) and Researchers (in FTE) by sectors of performance) which are transmitted annually by the EU Member States (from 2003 onwards based on a legal obligation). Some other breakdowns of the data may appear on an annual basis based on voluntary data provisions.

The data are collected through sample or census surveys, from administrative registers or through a combination of sources.

R&D data are available for following countries and country groups:

• All EU Member States; Candidate Countries; EFTA Countries; The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is data provider for the United States of America, Japan, South Korea and China.
• Country groups: EU Member States, Euro Area States.

R&D data are compiled in accordance to the guidelines laid down in OECD (2015), https://www.oecd.org/publications/frascati-manual-2015-9789264239012-en.htm">Frascati Manual 2015: Guidelines for Collecting and Reporting Data on Research and Experimental Development, The Measurement of Scientific, Technological and Innovation Activities and the European business statistics methodological manual for R&D statistics – 2023 edition - Manuals and guidelines - Eurostat

Gross domestic spending on R&D is defined as the total expenditure (current and capital) on R&D carried out by all resident companies, research institutes, university and government laboratories, etc., in a country. It includes R&D funded from abroad, but excludes domestic funds for R&D performed outside the domestic economy. This indicator is measured in USD constant prices using 2015 base year and Purchasing Power Parities (PPPs) and as percentage of GDP.

Reference and source : https://data.oecd.org/rd/gross-domestic-spending-on-r-d.htm

Includes the expenditures for R&D performed within the various sectors of performance (business, government, higher education, private non profit), regardless of the source of funds. Expressed as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP).

Jordan JO: Researchers in R&D: per Million People data was reported at 307.984 Ratio in 2015. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1,966.967 Ratio for 1998. Jordan JO: Researchers in R&D: per Million People data is updated yearly, averaging 1,137.475 Ratio from Dec 1998 (Median) to 2015, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,966.967 Ratio in 1998 and a record low of 307.984 Ratio in 2015. Jordan JO: Researchers in R&D: per Million People data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Jordan – Table JO.World Bank: Technology. The number of researchers engaged in Research &Development (R&D), expressed as per million. Researchers are professionals who conduct research and improve or develop concepts, theories, models techniques instrumentation, software of operational methods. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.; ; United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics.; Weighted average;

Expenditures on research and development (R&D) by performing sectors. This table is included in Section D: Postsecondary education: Research and development of the Pan Canadian Education Indicators Program (PCEIP). PCEIP draws from a wide variety of data sources to provide information on the school-age population, elementary, secondary and postsecondary education, transitions, education finance and labour market outcomes. The program presents indicators for all of Canada, the provinces, the territories, as well as selected international comparisons and comparisons over time. PCEIP is an ongoing initiative of the Canadian Education Statistics Council, a partnership between Statistics Canada and the Council of Ministers of Education, Canada that provides a set of statistical measures on education systems in Canada.

This collection provides users with data about R&D expenditure and R&D personnel broken down by the following institutional sectors: business enterprise (BES); government (GOV); higher education (HES); private non-profit (PNP), total of all sectors.

The R&D expenditure is broken down by source of funds; sector of performance; type of costs; type of R&D; fields of research and development (FORD); https://circabc.europa.eu/ui/group/c1b49c83-24a7-4ff2-951c-621ac0a89fd8/library/b4b841e5-d200-41bc-8f23-d0b1e034f689?p=1&n=10&sort=modified_DESC">socio-economic objectives (NABS 2007) and by regions (https://showvoc.op.europa.eu/#/datasets/ESTAT_Nomenclature_of_Territorial_Units_for_Statistics/data">NUTS 2 level). The business enterprise sector is further broken down by economic activity (https://showvoc.op.europa.eu/#/datasets/ESTAT_Statistical_Classification_of_Economic_Activities_in_the_European_Community_Rev._2/data">NACE Rev.2); size class; industry orientation.

R&D personnel data are broken down by professional position; sector of performance; educational attainment level; sex; field of research and development (https://www.oecd.org/innovation/frascati-manual-2015-9789264239012-en.htm">FORD); regions (https://showvoc.op.europa.eu/#/datasets/ESTAT_Nomenclature_of_Territorial_Units_for_Statistics/data">NUTS 2 level); for the business enterprise sector is further broken down in size class and economic activity (NACE Rev.2). Researchers are further broken down by age class and citizenship.

The periodicity of R&D data are every two years, except for the key R&D indicators (R&D expenditure, R&D personnel (in Full Time Equivalent - FTE) and Researchers (in FTE) by sectors of performance) which are transmitted annually by the EU Member States (from 2003 onwards based on a legal obligation). Some other breakdowns of the data may appear on an annual basis based on voluntary data provisions.

The data are collected through sample or census surveys, from administrative registers or through a combination of sources.

R&D data are available for following countries and country groups:

• All EU Member States; Candidate Countries; EFTA Countries; The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is data provider for the United States of America, Japan, South Korea and China.
• Country groups: EU Member States, Euro Area States.

R&D data are compiled in accordance to the guidelines laid down in OECD (2015), https://www.oecd.org/publications/frascati-manual-2015-9789264239012-en.htm">Frascati Manual 2015: Guidelines for Collecting and Reporting Data on Research and Experimental Development, The Measurement of Scientific, Technological and Innovation Activities and the European business statistics methodological manual for R&D statistics – 2023 edition - Manuals and guidelines - Eurostat

NTT Data Corporation spent **** billion Japanese yen on research and development (R&D) in fiscal year 2023, which was a decrease of more than **** billion yen compared to the previous fiscal year. The company provides integrated IT solutions, system and software development, as well as consulting and maintenance support.

Researchers in R&D (per million people) in Vietnam was reported at 768 in 2021, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Vietnam - Researchers in R&D (per million people) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on November of 2025.

Total domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D) as percentage of gross domestic product (GDP). This table is included in Section D: Postsecondary education: Research and development of the Pan Canadian Education Indicators Program (PCEIP). PCEIP draws from a wide variety of data sources to provide information on the school-age population, elementary, secondary and postsecondary education, transitions, education finance and labour market outcomes. The program presents indicators for all of Canada, the provinces, the territories, as well as selected international comparisons and comparisons over time. PCEIP is an ongoing initiative of the Canadian Education Statistics Council, a partnership between Statistics Canada and the Council of Ministers of Education, Canada that provides a set of statistical measures on education systems in Canada.

Graph and download economic data for Manufacturing Sector: Contribution of Research and Development (R&D) Intensity to Labor Productivity (MPU9900192) from 1987 to 2023 about R&D, contributions, productivity, sector, manufacturing, and USA.

Russia Research and Development (R&D) Expenditure: OKVED2 data was reported at 1,020,188,455.400 RUB th in Sep 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 627,892,545.300 RUB th for Jun 2022. Russia Research and Development (R&D) Expenditure: OKVED2 data is updated quarterly, averaging 848,886,509.500 RUB th from Sep 2019 (Median) to Sep 2022, with 13 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,591,951,259.300 RUB th in Dec 2021 and a record low of 213,915,749.000 RUB th in Mar 2020. Russia Research and Development (R&D) Expenditure: OKVED2 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Investment – Table RU.OD036: Research and Development Expenditure of Enterprises. [COVID-19-IMPACT]

Researchers in R&D (per million people) in United States was reported at 4825 in 2021, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. United States - Researchers in R&D (per million people) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on November of 2025.

Researchers in R&D (per million people) in Pakistan was reported at 474 in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Pakistan - Researchers in R&D (per million people) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on November of 2025.

The OECD R&D Tax Incentives database provides a set of indicators that reflect the level and structure of central and subnational government support for business R&D in form of R&D tax incentives and direct funding across OECD member countries and other major economies. This includes time-series indicators of tax expenditures for R&D, based on the latest OECD data collection on tax incentive support for R&D expenditures. Estimates of the cost of R&D tax support at subnational government level are reported whenever such provisions are applicable and relevant data are available. These estimates of the cost of central and subnational R&D tax relief have been combined with data on direct government funding of business expenditure on R&D (BERD), as compiled by National Statistical Offices based on reports from firms, in order to provide a more complete picture of government efforts to promote business R&D. Furthermore, these estimates are combined with data on Government budget allocations for R&D (GBARD) in the broader context of overall budgetary support for R&D activities undertaken by governments. Government budget allocations for R&D include direct funding provided to all sectors, including contributions to R&D programmes abroad. OECD (2019) provides a practical guide to using the OECD R&D Tax Incentives database, describing the R&D tax incentive time series data and highlighting their potential for internationally comparative work through descriptive indicators and econometric analysis.

This table contains figures on companies that perform Research and Development (R&D) activities with their own and/or hired personnel. In addition, figures are available on the personnel and expenditure associated with these R&D activities.

The figures are broken down by company size and industry sector according to the Standard Industrial Classification 2008 (SBI 2008).

The R&D activities are performed within the company with its own personnel and/or hired personnel in the Netherlands. Outsourced R&D is not included in this table. Furthermore, this table only concerns the sector 'companies'. The sectors 'institutions' and 'higher education' are not included in this table.

Data available from: 2013.

Status of the figures: The data for 2013-2021 are final and the data for 2022 are provisional.

This data was obtained from the StatLine dataportal of CBS (Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek / Statistics Netherlands). See the link below.

https://opendata.cbs.nl/statline/portal.html?_catalog=CBS&_la=nl&tableId=84985NED&_theme=60

The Industrial R&D Investment Scoreboard (IRI) is a scientific project carried out within the Directorate B of Growth and Innovation, one of the seven scientific institutes of the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC). 'iriR' 's objective is to allow an easy connection with R to the European Commission's Economics of Industrial Research and Innovation data.

Mexico MX: Business Enterprise Expenditure on R&D (BERD) data was reported at 16,211.734 MXN mn in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 17,346.195 MXN mn for 2016. Mexico MX: Business Enterprise Expenditure on R&D (BERD) data is updated yearly, averaging 11,541.408 MXN mn from Dec 1989 (Median) to 2017, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 24,121.819 MXN mn in 2011 and a record low of 121.335 MXN mn in 1992. Mexico MX: Business Enterprise Expenditure on R&D (BERD) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Mexico – Table MX.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Mexico, beginning with the 2004 data, the Business enterprise survey register was increased to include large firms not previously identified as R&D performers. The first R&D surveys based on the Frascati Manual covered the period 1992-93. Earlier data for R&D performed in the Government sector are based on national estimates and do not exactly correspond to the recommendations of the Frascati Manual.

Graph and download economic data for Expenses for Research and Development In The Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences, All Establishments, Employer Firms (RADITPEALSE3154171) from 2003 to 2022 about R&D, science, engineering, life, employer firms, establishments, expenditures, and USA.

Yearly (annual) dataset of the Brazil R&D Expenditure (% GDP), including historical data, latest releases, and long-term trends from 2000-12-31 to 2020-12-31. Available for free download in CSV format.

R&D expenditure of Sweden increased by 0.18% from 3.4 % in 2021 to 3.4 % in 2022. Since the 1.24% fall in 2018, R&D expenditure rose by 2.62% in 2022. Expenditures for research and development are current and capital expenditures (both public and private) on creative work undertaken systematically to increase knowledge, including knowledge of humanity, culture, and society, and the use of knowledge for new applications. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.