The United States is the leading country worldwide in terms of spending on research and development (R&D), with R&D expenditure exceeding *** billion purchasing power parity (PPP) U.S. dollars. China is invested about *** billion U.S. dollars into R&D. Health and technology Overall, health and technology dominate R&D spending globally. In 2022, health constituted nearly ** percent of all R&D spending, while hardware producers accounted for over ***percent and software producers accounted for over ***percent. Tech companies such as Meta, Amazon, and Alphabet contribute massively to tech spending, while spending continues to grow in areas such as medical technology and pharmaceuticals. Other sources of R&D spending Other sources of R&D spending include the automotive industry, chemicals, and manufacturing. Notably, within the automotive industry, the EU leads in spending, contributing nearly ** billion euros to the *** billion euros spent on automotive R&D globally. By company, Volkswagen spent the most at **** billion U.S. dollars, while in the United States, Ford spent the most on R&D at *** billion U.S. dollars.

The average for 2021 based on 24 countries was 1.02 percent. The highest value was in Israel: 5.78 percent and the lowest value was in Iraq: 0.04 percent. The indicator is available from 1996 to 2023. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

Global R&D Expenditure by Country, 2023 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

In 2020, gross domestic spending on research and development (R&D) in China came closest that of the United States, reaching ***** billion U.S. dollars, compared to *** billion U.S. dollars in the United States. In 2023, Japan came a distant third, spending *** billion U.S. dollars on R&D.

In the OECD, the United States spend ************** of its government research and development budget on defense. Poland and South Korea followed behind with around ** percent. On average, **** percent of the R&D spending of OECD countries was budgeted for the defense sector, but the high spending of the U.S. has a high influence on this figure.

In 2022, ******* is expected to have the highest gross expenditure on research and development (GERD) among European countries, at ***** billion U.S. dollars. France and the UK also had high expenditure amounts, at **** billion dollars, and **** billion dollars respectively.

This collection provides users with data about R&D expenditure and R&D personnel broken down by the following institutional sectors: business enterprise (BES); government (GOV); higher education (HES); private non-profit (PNP), total of all sectors.

The R&D expenditure is broken down by source of funds; sector of performance; type of costs; type of R&D; fields of research and development (FORD); https://circabc.europa.eu/ui/group/c1b49c83-24a7-4ff2-951c-621ac0a89fd8/library/b4b841e5-d200-41bc-8f23-d0b1e034f689?p=1&n=10&sort=modified_DESC">socio-economic objectives (NABS 2007) and by regions (https://showvoc.op.europa.eu/#/datasets/ESTAT_Nomenclature_of_Territorial_Units_for_Statistics/data">NUTS 2 level). The business enterprise sector is further broken down by economic activity (https://showvoc.op.europa.eu/#/datasets/ESTAT_Statistical_Classification_of_Economic_Activities_in_the_European_Community_Rev._2/data">NACE Rev.2); size class; industry orientation.

R&D personnel data are broken down by professional position; sector of performance; educational attainment level; sex; field of research and development (https://www.oecd.org/innovation/frascati-manual-2015-9789264239012-en.htm">FORD); regions (https://showvoc.op.europa.eu/#/datasets/ESTAT_Nomenclature_of_Territorial_Units_for_Statistics/data">NUTS 2 level); for the business enterprise sector is further broken down in size class and economic activity (NACE Rev.2). Researchers are further broken down by age class and citizenship.

The periodicity of R&D data are every two years, except for the key R&D indicators (R&D expenditure, R&D personnel (in Full Time Equivalent - FTE) and Researchers (in FTE) by sectors of performance) which are transmitted annually by the EU Member States (from 2003 onwards based on a legal obligation). Some other breakdowns of the data may appear on an annual basis based on voluntary data provisions.

The data are collected through sample or census surveys, from administrative registers or through a combination of sources.

R&D data are available for following countries and country groups:

• All EU Member States; Candidate Countries; EFTA Countries; The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is data provider for the United States of America, Japan, South Korea and China.
• Country groups: EU Member States, Euro Area States.

R&D data are compiled in accordance to the guidelines laid down in OECD (2015), https://www.oecd.org/publications/frascati-manual-2015-9789264239012-en.htm">Frascati Manual 2015: Guidelines for Collecting and Reporting Data on Research and Experimental Development, The Measurement of Scientific, Technological and Innovation Activities and the European business statistics methodological manual for R&D statistics – 2023 edition - Manuals and guidelines - Eurostat

Percentage of total research and development (R&D) expenditure by performing sector. This table is included in Section D: Postsecondary education: Research and development of the Pan Canadian Education Indicators Program (PCEIP). PCEIP draws from a wide variety of data sources to provide information on the school-age population, elementary, secondary and postsecondary education, transitions, education finance and labour market outcomes. The program presents indicators for all of Canada, the provinces, the territories, as well as selected international comparisons and comparisons over time. PCEIP is an ongoing initiative of the Canadian Education Statistics Council, a partnership between Statistics Canada and the Council of Ministers of Education, Canada that provides a set of statistical measures on education systems in Canada.

This dataset provides values for RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURE reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

Includes the expenditures for R&D performed within the various sectors of performance (business, government, higher education, private non profit), regardless of the source of funds. Expressed as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP).

Global Government Budget Appropriations or Outlays for R&D in Defence by Country, 2023 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

In 2022, Israel invested *** percent of the country's gross domestic product (GDP) into research and development, the highest worldwide. In South Korea, the expenditure on R&D reached over **** percent of its GDP.

In 2021, Israel's spending on research and development (R&D) accounted for the highest gross domestic product (GDP) share in the Middle Eastern region, *** percent. In contrast, R&D spending in Lebanon made up a **** share of the country's GDP that year.

Global Government Expenditure on R&D Financed by Industry by Country, 2023 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

This dataset provides values for RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURE PERCENT OF GDP WB DATA.HTML reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

Global Government Expenditure on R&D in Engineering and Technology Share by Country (Million US Dollars PPP), 2023 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

Russia Research and Development (R&D) Expenditure: OKVED2 data was reported at 1,020,188,455.400 RUB th in Sep 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 627,892,545.300 RUB th for Jun 2022. Russia Research and Development (R&D) Expenditure: OKVED2 data is updated quarterly, averaging 848,886,509.500 RUB th from Sep 2019 (Median) to Sep 2022, with 13 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,591,951,259.300 RUB th in Dec 2021 and a record low of 213,915,749.000 RUB th in Mar 2020. Russia Research and Development (R&D) Expenditure: OKVED2 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Investment – Table RU.OD036: Research and Development Expenditure of Enterprises. [COVID-19-IMPACT]

Annual estimates of research and development in the UK by country and region by business enterprise, higher education, government, UK Research and Innovation, and private non-profit organisations.

Business enterprise expenditure on research and development (BERD), by country of control and North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) from 2000 to 2013.

Global Intramural R&D Expenditure in the Private Non-Profit Sector Share by Country (Million Euros), 2023 Discover more data with ReportLinker!