The United States is the leading country worldwide in terms of spending on research and development (R&D), with R&D expenditure exceeding *** billion purchasing power parity (PPP) U.S. dollars. China is invested about *** billion U.S. dollars into R&D. Health and technology Overall, health and technology dominate R&D spending globally. In 2022, health constituted nearly ** percent of all R&D spending, while hardware producers accounted for over ***percent and software producers accounted for over ***percent. Tech companies such as Meta, Amazon, and Alphabet contribute massively to tech spending, while spending continues to grow in areas such as medical technology and pharmaceuticals. Other sources of R&D spending Other sources of R&D spending include the automotive industry, chemicals, and manufacturing. Notably, within the automotive industry, the EU leads in spending, contributing nearly ** billion euros to the *** billion euros spent on automotive R&D globally. By company, Volkswagen spent the most at **** billion U.S. dollars, while in the United States, Ford spent the most on R&D at *** billion U.S. dollars.

In the OECD, the United States spend nearly **** of its government research and development budget on defense. Turkey and Japan followed behind with nearly ** percent. On average, **** percent of the R&D spending of OECD countries was budgeted for the defense sector, but the high spending of the U.S. has a high influence on this figure.

The average for 2021 based on 78 countries was 1.25 percent. The highest value was in Israel: 5.56 percent and the lowest value was in Iraq: 0.04 percent. The indicator is available from 1996 to 2022. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

In 2020, gross domestic spending on research and development (R&D) in China came closest that of the United States, reaching ***** billion U.S. dollars, compared to *** billion U.S. dollars in the United States. In 2023, Japan came a distant third, spending *** billion U.S. dollars on R&D.

Global Government Budget Appropriations or Outlays for R&D in Defence by Country, 2023 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

Percentage of total research and development (R&D) expenditure by performing sector. This table is included in Section D: Postsecondary education: Research and development of the Pan Canadian Education Indicators Program (PCEIP). PCEIP draws from a wide variety of data sources to provide information on the school-age population, elementary, secondary and postsecondary education, transitions, education finance and labour market outcomes. The program presents indicators for all of Canada, the provinces, the territories, as well as selected international comparisons and comparisons over time. PCEIP is an ongoing initiative of the Canadian Education Statistics Council, a partnership between Statistics Canada and the Council of Ministers of Education, Canada that provides a set of statistical measures on education systems in Canada.

Global R&D spending in the energy sector amounted to over 23.6 billion euros in 2023. The highest sums were spent in the European Union and China, with 6.6 and over eight billion euros respectively.

In 2022, Israel invested six percent of the country's gross domestic product (GDP) into research and development, the highest worldwide. In South Korea, the expenditure on R&D reached over five percent of its GDP.

Taiwan Defence Budget on R&D was up 41.3points in 2019, compared to a year earlier.

This dataset provides values for RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURE PERCENT OF GDP WB DATA.HTML reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

Global R&D Budget for Industry and Knowledge Share by Country (Million US Dollars PPP, Constant), 2023 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

Global R&D Budget for Industry and Knowledge by Country, 2023 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

RU: Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D (GERD) data was reported at 1,174,534.300 RUB mn in 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 1,134,786.700 RUB mn for 2019. RU: Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D (GERD) data is updated yearly, averaging 213,412.550 RUB mn from Dec 1989 (Median) to 2020, with 32 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,174,534.300 RUB mn in 2020 and a record low of 10.904 RUB mn in 1989. RU: Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D (GERD) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.

In response to Russia's large-scale aggression against Ukraine, the OECD Council decided on 8 March 2022 to immediately suspend the participation of Russia and Belarus in OECD bodies. In view of this decision, the OECD suspended its solicitation of official statistics on R&D from Russian authorities, leading to the absence of more recent R&D statistics for this country in the OECD database. Previously collected and compiled indicators are still available.

The business enterprise sector includes all organisations and enterprises whose main activity is connected with the production of goods and services for sale, including those owned by the state, and private non-profit institutions serving the above-mentioned organisations. In practice however, R&D performed in this sector is carried out mostly by industrial research institutes other than enterprises. This particularity reflects the traditional organisation of Russian R&D.

Headcount data include full-time personnel only, and hence are underestimated, while data in full-time equivalents (FTE) are calculated on the basis of both full-time and part-time personnel. This explains why the FTE data are greater than the headcount data.

New budgetary procedures introduced in 2005 have resulted in items previously classified as GBARD being attributed to other headings and have affected the coverage and breakdown by socio-economic objective.

Russia Research and Development (R&D) Expenditure: OKVED2 data was reported at 1,020,188,455.400 RUB th in Sep 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 627,892,545.300 RUB th for Jun 2022. Russia Research and Development (R&D) Expenditure: OKVED2 data is updated quarterly, averaging 848,886,509.500 RUB th from Sep 2019 (Median) to Sep 2022, with 13 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,591,951,259.300 RUB th in Dec 2021 and a record low of 213,915,749.000 RUB th in Mar 2020. Russia Research and Development (R&D) Expenditure: OKVED2 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Investment – Table RU.OD036: Research and Development Expenditure of Enterprises. [COVID-19-IMPACT]

China R & D: Expenditure: Basic Research data was reported at 249,700.000 RMB mn in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 225,911.760 RMB mn for 2023. China R & D: Expenditure: Basic Research data is updated yearly, averaging 29,738.901 RMB mn from Dec 1995 (Median) to 2024, with 30 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 249,700.000 RMB mn in 2024 and a record low of 1,806.000 RMB mn in 1995. China R & D: Expenditure: Basic Research data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Business and Economic Survey – Table CN.OS: Research and Development: Expenditure.

While the R&D expenditure of high income countries has increased by almost 50 percent since 1996 to reach 1.08 trillion U.S. dollars in 2017, in middle and low income countries expenditure increased more than sevenfold over this time, reaching 568 billion. This increase is largely due to the influence of China, though. Once China is excluded, 2017 R&D spending for middle and low income countries drops to 195 billion U.S. dollars.

All dollar amounts are nominalized to 2005 purchasing power parity values.

Mexico MX: Business Enterprise Expenditure on R&D (BERD) data was reported at 16,211.734 MXN mn in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 17,346.195 MXN mn for 2016. Mexico MX: Business Enterprise Expenditure on R&D (BERD) data is updated yearly, averaging 11,541.408 MXN mn from Dec 1989 (Median) to 2017, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 24,121.819 MXN mn in 2011 and a record low of 121.335 MXN mn in 1992. Mexico MX: Business Enterprise Expenditure on R&D (BERD) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Mexico – Table MX.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Mexico, beginning with the 2004 data, the Business enterprise survey register was increased to include large firms not previously identified as R&D performers. The first R&D surveys based on the Frascati Manual covered the period 1992-93. Earlier data for R&D performed in the Government sector are based on national estimates and do not exactly correspond to the recommendations of the Frascati Manual.

Global Government Expenditure on R&D Financed by Industry by Country, 2023 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

Global Government Environmental R&D Budget by Country, 2023 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

Global Energy Public R&D Budget by Country, 2023 Discover more data with ReportLinker!