To assist communities in identifying racially/ethnically-concentrated areas of poverty (R/ECAPs), HUD has developed a census tract-based definition of R/ECAPs. The definition involves a racial/ethnic concentration threshold and a poverty test. The racial/ethnic concentration threshold is straightforward: R/ECAPs must have a non-white population of 50 percent or more. Regarding the poverty threshold, Wilson (1980) defines neighborhoods of extreme poverty as census tracts with 40 percent or more of individuals living at or below the poverty line.

The table Racially or Ethnically Concentrated Areas of Poverty is part of the dataset Racially or Ethnically Concentrated Areas of Poverty (R/ECAPs), available at https://redivis.com/datasets/kvgj-a0y8gk23w. It contains 73752 rows across 15 variables.

This dataset contains R/ECAP data for the nine-county San Francisco Bay Region at the census tract level.

To assist communities in identifying racially/ethnically-concentrated areas of poverty (R/ECAPs), HUD has developed a census tract-based definition of R/ECAPs.

To assist communities in identifying racially/ethnically-concentrated areas of poverty (R/ECAPs), HUD has developed a census tract-based definition of R/ECAPs. The definition involves a racial/ethnic concentration threshold and a poverty test. The racial/ethnic concentration threshold is straightforward: R/ECAPs must have a non-white population of 50 percent or more. Regarding the poverty threshold, Wilson (1980) defines neighborhoods of extreme poverty as census tracts with 40 percent or more of individuals living at or below the poverty line. Because overall poverty levels are substantially lower in many parts of the country, HUD supplements this with an alternate criterion. Thus, a neighborhood can be a R/ECAP if it has a poverty rate that exceeds 40% or is three or more times the average tract poverty rate for the metropolitan/micropolitan area, whichever threshold is lower. Census tracts with this extreme poverty that satisfy the racial/ethnic concentration threshold are deemed R/ECAPs.

Data Source: Decennial census (2010); American Community Survey (ACS), 2006-2010; Brown Longitudinal Tract Database (LTDB) based on decennial census data, 2000 & 1990 References: Wilson, William J. (1980). The Declining Significance of Race: Blacks and Changing American Institutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Data Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2009-2013; Decennial Census (2010); Brown Longitudinal Tract Database (LTDB) based on decennial census data, 1990, 2000 & 2010.

Related AFFH-T Local Government, PHA Tables/Maps: Table 4, 7; Maps 1-17.

Related AFFH-T State Tables/Maps: Table 4, 7; Maps 1-15, 18.

References: Wilson, William J. (1980). The Declining Significance of Race: Blacks and Changing American Institutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

This is a historical measure for Strategic Direction 2023. For more data on Austin demographics please visit austintexas.gov/demographics. Racially/Ethnically Concentrated Areas of Poverty (R/ECAPs) must have a non-white population of 50 percent or more. Regarding the poverty threshold, neighborhoods of extreme poverty are census tracts with 40 percent or more of individuals living at or below the poverty line. Calculation involved totaling the # and percentage of tracts that are meet criteria for RECAP. Learn more about the HUD RECAP calculation process at the link here.: https://hudgis-hud.opendata.arcgis.com/datasets/56de4edea8264fe5a344da9811ef5d6e_

Racially Concentrated Areas of Affluence (RCAA's)

The concept of Racially Concentrated Areas of Affluence (RCAAs) was originally developed by scholars at the University of Minnesota to illustrate the flip side of the Racially and Ethnically Concentrated Areas of Poverty (R/ECAPs) metric used by the California Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD) in the 2015 Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing (AFFH) rule to more fully tell the story of segregation in the United States.

As stated in HCD’s AFFH Guidance Memo, when analyzing patterns and trends of segregation and proposing policy approaches in the Housing Element, localities should not only focus on communities of color. Segregation is a continuum, with polarity between race, poverty, and affluence, which can be a direct product of the same policies and practices. To better evaluate these conditions, both sides of the continuum should be considered and compare patterns within the community and across the region. This more holistic approach will better unveil deeply rooted policies and practices and improve identification and prioritization of contributing factors to inform more meaningful actions.

HCD has created a new version of the RCAA metric to better reflect California’s relative diversity and regional conditions, and to aid local jurisdictions in their analysis of racially concentrated areas of poverty and affluence pursuant to AB 686 and AB 1304. HCD’s RCAA metric is provided as a resource to be paired with local data and knowledge – jurisdictions are encouraged but not required to use the RCAA layer provided by HCD in their housing element analyses.

To develop the RCAA layer, staff first calculated a Location Quotient (LQ) for each California census tract using data from the 2015-2019 American Community Survey data. This LQ represents the percentage of total white population (White Alone, Not Hispanic or Latino) for each census tract compared to the average percentage of total white population for all census tracts in a given Council of Governments' (COG) region. For example, a census tract with a LQ of 1.5 has a percentage of total white population that is 1.5 times higher than the average percentage of total white population in the given COG region.

To determine the RCAAs, census tracts with a LQ of more than 1.25 and a median income 1.5 times higher than the COG Area Median Income (AMI) (or 1.5x the State AMI, whichever is lower) were assigned a numeric score of 1 (Is a RCAA). Census tracts that did not meet this criterion were assigned a score of 0 (Not a RCAA).

COG AMI was determined by averaging the 2019 ACS established AMI's for each county within the given COG region. 2019 ACS AMI limits can be found here: https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/US/PST045219 [census.gov]. State AMI was based on the ACS 2019 California state AMI ($75,235), which can be found here: https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/CA/INC110219 [census.gov].

Census tracts with a total population of less than 75 people, in which the census tract was also largely contained within a non-urbanized area such as a park, open space, or airport, were not identified as RCAAs.

Data Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2015-2019

References: Wilson, William J. (1980). The Declining Significance of Race: Blacks and Changing American Institutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Damiano, T., Hicks, J., & Goetz, E. (2017). Racially Concentrated Areas of Affluence: A Preliminary Investigation.

To learn more about R/ECAPs visit: https://www.huduser.gov/portal/periodicals/cityscpe/vol21num1/ch4.pdf [huduser.gov]

Original data created by HCD, PlaceWorks 2021

This is a historical measure from Strategic Direction 2023. Racially/Ethnically Concentrated Areas of Poverty (R/ECAPs) must have a non-white population of 50 percent or more. Regarding the poverty threshold, neighborhoods of extreme poverty are census tracts with 40 percent or more of individuals living at or below the poverty line. Calculation involved totaling the number and percentage of tracts that are meet criteria for RECAP. Learn more about the HUD RECAP calculation process here: http://hudgis-hud.opendata.arcgis.com/datasets/56de4edea8264fe5a344da9811ef5d6e_0. Data collected from the HUD portal View more details and insights related to this measure on the story page: https://data.austintexas.gov/stories/s/qn7g-mcec

In February 2017, the Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD) and theCalifornia Tax Credit Allocation Committee (TCAC) convened a group of independentorganizations and research centers that would become the California Fair Housing Task Force(“Task Force”). TCAC and HCD charged the Task Force with creating an opportunity map to identify areas inevery region of the state whose characteristics have been shown by research to support positiveeconomic, educational, and health outcomes for low-income families—particularly long-termoutcomes for children. This dataset is from the TCAC opportunity areas mapping analysis of 2021. Orginal data sourced from: https://belonging.berkeley.edu/2021-tcac-opportunity-map

The MBTA GTFS Pre-rating Recap collection contains text files that describe a generalized MBTA schedule for a specific season. While the MBTA posts all previously published GTFS files, this collection makes it easier to find the schedule that the MBTA ran for the majority of a season instead of having to identify the "correct" one from the GTFS archive.We recommend using these files instead of the current GTFS when doing historical analyses.Data dictionary:https://github.com/mbta/gtfs-documentation/blob/master/reference/gtfs.mdTo view all previously published GTFS files, please refer to the link below:https://github.com/mbta/gtfs-documentation/blob/master/reference/gtfs-archive.mdMassDOT/MBTA shall not be held liable for any errors in this data. This includes errors of omission, commission, errors concerning the content of the data, and relative and positional accuracy of the data. This data cannot be construed to be a legal document. Primary sources from which this data was compiled must be consulted for verification of information contained in this data.

This data layer shows census tracts in Florida that are designated as Racially and Ethnically Concentrated Areas of Poverty (RECAPs) by Florida Housing Finance Corporation (Florida Housing). RECAP-designated tracts have more than 50% of the population who identify as other than non-Hispanic white and a poverty rate greater than or equal to 40%. Data used in the RECAP designation process is derived from the American Community Survey (ACS). The survey is conducted by the Census Bureau on an ongoing basis. It is the most complete and reliable source of information about the American people. The Census Bureau releases ACS data in 1-year, 3-year, and 5- year averages. One-year data is the most current; however, the 3-year and 5-year averages are more reliable because they are based on a larger sample size. Florida Housing has used the most recent and available 5-year estimates from the ACS, which includes survey data from (2019-2023). In addition, Florida Housing has discarded high margin of error values. Applying these rigorous standards, Florida Housing has based the RECAP designations on accurate data that reflect long-term trends.

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This data layer shows census tracts in Florida that are designated as Racially and Ethnically Concentrated Areas of Poverty (RECAPs) by Florida Housing Finance Corporation (Florida Housing). RECAP designated tracts have more than 50% of the population who identify as other than non-Hispanic white and a poverty rate greater than or equal to 40%. Data used in the RECAP designation process is derived from the 5-year American Community Survey (ACS) data. Florida Housing uses the average of the three most recent 5-year ACS data, which currently includes survey data from 2015 - 2019. Additionally, Florida Housing has discarded high margin of error values. Applying these rigorous standards, Florida Housing has based the RECAP designations on data that reflect long-term trends.

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