The average for 2021 based on 78 countries was 1.25 percent. The highest value was in Israel: 5.56 percent and the lowest value was in Iraq: 0.04 percent. The indicator is available from 1996 to 2022. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

The United States is the leading country worldwide in terms of spending on research and development (R&D), with R&D expenditure exceeding *** billion purchasing power parity (PPP) U.S. dollars. China is invested about *** billion U.S. dollars into R&D. Health and technology Overall, health and technology dominate R&D spending globally. In 2022, health constituted nearly ** percent of all R&D spending, while hardware producers accounted for over ***percent and software producers accounted for over ***percent. Tech companies such as Meta, Amazon, and Alphabet contribute massively to tech spending, while spending continues to grow in areas such as medical technology and pharmaceuticals. Other sources of R&D spending Other sources of R&D spending include the automotive industry, chemicals, and manufacturing. Notably, within the automotive industry, the EU leads in spending, contributing nearly ** billion euros to the *** billion euros spent on automotive R&D globally. By company, Volkswagen spent the most at **** billion U.S. dollars, while in the United States, Ford spent the most on R&D at *** billion U.S. dollars.

Per capita research and development (R&D) spending in 2018 was highest in Northern America, amounting to ***** U.S. dollars per person. This was more than double the ****** U.S. dollars spent per person in Europe, and over 100 times the ***** U.S. dollars spent per person in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Worldwide, Israel was the country that spent the highest share of its gross domestic product (GDP) on research and development (R&D) in 2022. That year, they spent roughly **** percent of their GDP on R&D. South Korea followed in second with **** percent, whereas the United States spent the third-highest share of its GDP.

Global Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D Per Capita by Country, 2023 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

United States US: Development of Environment Related Technologies: Inventions per Capita data was reported at 22.970 Number in 2019. This records a decrease from the previous number of 26.340 Number for 2018. United States US: Development of Environment Related Technologies: Inventions per Capita data is updated yearly, averaging 17.690 Number from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2019, with 30 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 33.400 Number in 2013 and a record low of 7.500 Number in 1990. United States US: Development of Environment Related Technologies: Inventions per Capita data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.OECD.GGI: Governance: Research and Development Expenditure: OECD Member: Annual.

United States US: GERD per Capita Population: Current PPP data was reported at 2,767.780 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 2,472.601 % for 2021. United States US: GERD per Capita Population: Current PPP data is updated yearly, averaging 972.628 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2,767.780 % in 2022 and a record low of 316.293 % in 1981. United States US: GERD per Capita Population: Current PPP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

For the United States, from 2021 onwards, changes to the US BERD survey questionnaire allowed for more exhaustive identification of acquisition costs for ‘identifiable intangible assets’ used for R&D. This has resulted in a substantial increase in reported R&D capital expenditure within BERD. In the business sector, the funds from the rest of the world previously included in the business-financed BERD, are available separately from 2008. From 2006 onwards, GOVERD includes state government intramural performance (most of which being financed by the federal government and state government own funds). From 2016 onwards, PNPERD data are based on a new R&D performer survey. In the higher education sector all fields of SSH are included from 2003 onwards.

Following a survey of federally-funded research and development centers (FFRDCs) in 2005, it was concluded that FFRDC R&D belongs in the government sector - rather than the sector of the FFRDC administrator, as had been reported in the past. R&D expenditures by FFRDCs were reclassified from the other three R&D performing sectors to the Government sector; previously published data were revised accordingly. Between 2003 and 2004, the method used to classify data by industry has been revised. This particularly affects the ISIC category “wholesale trade” and consequently the BERD for total services.

U.S. R&D data are generally comparable, but there are some areas of underestimation:

1. i) Up to 2008, Government sector R&D performance covers only federal government activities. That by State and local government establishments is excluded;
2. ii) Except for the Government and the Business Enterprise sectors, the R&D data exclude most capital expenditures. For the Business Enterprise sector, depreciation is reported in place of gross capital expenditures up to 2014. Higher education (and national total) data were revised back to 1998 due to an improved methodology that corrects for double-counting of R&D funds passed between institutions.

Breakdown by type of R&D (basic research, applied research, etc.) was also revised back to 1998 in the business enterprise and higher education sectors due to improved estimation procedures.

The methodology for estimating researchers was changed as of 1985. In the Government, Higher Education and PNP sectors the data since then refer to employed doctoral scientists and engineers who report their primary work activity as research, development or the management of R&D, plus, for the Higher Education sector, the number of full-time equivalent graduate students with research assistantships averaging an estimated 50 % of their time engaged in R&D activities. As of 1985 researchers in the Government sector exclude military personnel. As of 1987, Higher education R&D personnel also include those who report their primary work activity as design.

Due to lack of official data for the different employment sectors, the total researchers figure is an OECD estimate up to 2019. Comprehensive reporting of R&D personnel statistics by the United States has resumed with records available since 2020, reflecting the addition of official figures for the number of researchers and total R&D personnel for the higher education sector and the Private non-profit sector; as well as the number of researchers for the government sector. The new data revise downwards previous OECD estimates as the OECD extrapolation methods drawing on historical US data, required to produce a consistent OECD aggregate, appear to have previously overestimated the growth in the number of researchers in the higher education sector.

Pre-production development is excluded from Defence GBARD (in accordance with the Frascati Manual) as of 2000. 2009 GBARD data also includes the one time incremental R&D funding legislated in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. Beginning with the 2000 GBARD data, budgets for capital expenditure – “R&D plant” in national terminology - are included. GBARD data for earlier years relate to budgets for current costs only.

Italy IT: GERD per Capita Population: Current PPP data was reported at 737.229 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 711.885 % for 2021. Italy IT: GERD per Capita Population: Current PPP data is updated yearly, averaging 300.269 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 737.229 % in 2022 and a record low of 89.513 % in 1981. Italy IT: GERD per Capita Population: Current PPP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Italy – Table IT.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

For Italy, the population frame was improved in 2016 (the number of units increased by +18% compared to the 2015 frame) and for the first time, an imputation procedure was applied for handling non responses. In 2005 and 1997, new methods for estimating R&D in universities were introduced, resulting in breaks in series in the higher education sector.

Up until 1990, the total expenditure on R&D is overestimated by more than 10% as extramural R&D expenditures is included. From 1991, data on extramural R&D expenditure is available separately.

2010 GBARD data are calculated with a new set of coefficients especially affecting the data on non-oriented research programmes.

France FR: GERD per Capita Population: Current PPP data was reported at 1,243.970 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 1,185.842 % for 2021. France FR: GERD per Capita Population: Current PPP data is updated yearly, averaging 592.692 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,243.970 % in 2022 and a record low of 198.838 % in 1981. France FR: GERD per Capita Population: Current PPP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s France – Table FR.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In France, from 2014 onwards, the R&D personnel in the university hospitals is better identified, introducing to a break in series in the higher education sector; moreover, from that year, university hospitals collect R&D personnel data by gender whereas these figures were previously estimated. The National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) is included in the Higher Education sector, whereas in other countries such as Italy for example, this type of organisation is classified in the Government sector. This affects comparisons of the breakdown of R&D efforts by sector of performance.

The methodology of the public administrations survey was changed in 2010: the method for measuring the resources devoted to R&D in ministries and some public organisations has been modified, leading to a better identification of their financing activities. The impact is notably a 900 million fall in GOVERD and a 3 200 drop in FTE personnel.

From 2004 onwards, a new methodology was introduced to correct for some double-counting of funds for universities. In 2007, the sampling method in the BE sector was modified and the 2004 data revised according to the new methodology.

Beginning with the 2006 survey, in order to better take into account SMEs, there is no longer a cut-off point in the business enterprise sector of one Full-time-equivalent on R&D for an enterprise to be included in the survey population.

From 2001, coverage of the BE sector was expanded. Data communicated by the Ministry of Defence were also extended to cover research that was not considered R&D in earlier years. This also affected GBARD data.

In 2000, several methodological changes which improved the quality of the public sector data resulted in a break in series for that year: social charges and civil pensions are better captured in universities' research expenses; modification of responses from some institutes to better harmonise with the corresponding multi-annual programme; and implementation of a redesigned questionnaire. National sources estimate that the previous method would have produced a 1.6% increase in GERD, where the current method resulted in 4%.

Due to changes in the methods used to evaluate domestic expenditure on defence, the results of the 1998 surveys revealed significant modifications requiring new estimates for 1997. This break in series relates also to the GBARD data.

In 1997, the method used to measure R&D personnel in administrations has changed.

Between 1991 and 1992 France Télécom and GIAT Industries were transferred from the Government to the Business Enterprise sector following a change in their legal status.

Before 2016, part of R&D budgets cannot be allocated by NABS socio-economic objective. In 2006 and 2007, following the implementation of the Constitutional Bylaw on Budget Acts (LOLF act: 'loi organique relative aux lois de finances'), some departments are no longer recorded in the GBARD data. Consequently, total GBARD is underestimated for both years.

Spain ES: GERD per Capita Population: Current PPP data was reported at 698.362 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 616.135 % for 2021. Spain ES: GERD per Capita Population: Current PPP data is updated yearly, averaging 219.145 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2022, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 698.362 % in 2022 and a record low of 29.396 % in 1981. Spain ES: GERD per Capita Population: Current PPP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

For Spain, beginning in 2008, the R&D questionnaire includes a specific category for on-site consultants undertaking R&D projects in the enterprise; as well as a specific category within the breakdown of current costs.

Since 2004, loans for R&D that are returnable are not included in GBARD, in order to ensure international comparability.

From 2002, R&D expenditure and personnel data for the business enterprise sector include both occasional and regular R&D.

Prior to 1989 R&D personnel data for the Higher Education sector only include researchers. In consequence, total R&D personnel may be underestimated in these years by between 10 and 15 %.

In 1992 there was an upward re-estimation of General University Funds causing a break in series in the financing of HERD and GERD. In 1995, the sources of funds for R&D in the Higher Education sector were reviewed; own funds are now separated from the General University Funds, where they were previously included.

In 1997, the defence objective in GBARD almost doubled in magnitude due to an exceptional contribution by the Ministry for Industry and Energy. The incorporation in 1997 of the Spanish contribution to CERN has involved substantial changes in the “Energy” category.

Luxembourg LU: GERD per Capita Population: Current PPP data was reported at 1,425.445 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1,433.905 % for 2021. Luxembourg LU: GERD per Capita Population: Current PPP data is updated yearly, averaging 1,336.638 % from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2022, with 21 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,433.905 % in 2021 and a record low of 871.344 % in 2000. Luxembourg LU: GERD per Capita Population: Current PPP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Luxembourg – Table LU.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Luxembourg, a better identification of R&D in software-related activities resulted in a break in series in 2012 for BERD (and GERD). From 2009, some budgetary items of the Ministry of Research and other ministries are no longer included in the government’s own R&D funds. The impact on GOVERD is a drop of less than 7 million.

This layer shows the purchasing power per capita in Ireland in 2023, in a multiscale map (Country, Regional Assembly, County or City, Electoral Division, and Small Area). Nationally, the purchasing power per capita is 26,902 Euro. Purchasing Power describes the disposable income (income without taxes and social security contributions, including received transfer payments) of a certain area's population. The figures are in Euro (EUR) per capita.The pop-up is configured to show the following information at each geography level:Purchasing power per capitaPurchasing power per capita by various categoriesThe source of this data is Michael Bauer Research. The vintage of the data is 2023. This item was last updated in February, 2024 and is updated every 12-18 months as new annual figures are offered.Additional Esri Resources:Esri DemographicsThis item is for visualization purposes only and cannot be exported or used in analysis.We would love to hear from you. If you have any feedback regarding this item or Esri Demographics, please let us know.Permitted use of this data is covered in the DATA section of the Esri Master Agreement (E204CW) and these supplemental terms.

Graph and download economic data for Per Capita Personal Consumption Expenditures: Total for New York (NYPCEPC) from 1997 to 2023 about PCE, NY, consumption expenditures, per capita, consumption, personal, and USA.

This statistic shows a ranking of the estimated real per capita consumer spending on furnishings, household equipment and routine maintenance of the house in 2020 in Latin America and the Caribbean, differentiated by country. Consumer spending here refers to the domestic demand of private households and non-profit institutions serving households (NPISHs) in the selected region. Spending by corporations or the state is not included. Consumer spending is the biggest component of the gross domestic product as computed on an expenditure basis in the context of national accounts. The other components in this approach are consumption expenditure of the state, gross domestic investment as well as the net exports of goods and services. Consumer spending is broken down according to the United Nations' Classification of Individual Consumption By Purpose (COICOP). The shown data adheres broadly to group 05. As not all countries and regions report data in a harmonized way, all data shown here has been processed by Statista to allow the greatest level of comparability possible. The underlying input data are usually household budget surveys conducted by government agencies that track spending of selected households over a given period.The data has been converted from local currencies to US$ using the average constant exchange rate of the base year 2017. The timelines therefore do not incorporate currency effects. The data is shown in real terms which means that monetary data is valued at constant prices of a given base year (in this case: 2017). To attain constant prices the nominal forecast has been deflated with the projected consumer price index for the respective category.The shown forecast is adjusted for the expected impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the local economy. The impact has been estimated by considering both direct (e.g. because of restrictions on personal movement) and indirect (e.g. because of weakened purchasing power) effects. The impact assessment is subject to periodic review as more data becomes available.The shown data are an excerpt of Statista's Key Market Indicators (KMI). The KMI are a collection of primary and secondary indicators on the macro-economic, demographic and technological environment in more than 150 countries and regions worldwide. All input data are sourced from international institutions, national statistical offices, and trade associations. All data has been are processed to generate comparable datasets (see supplementary notes under details for more information).

This statistic shows a ranking of the estimated total consumer spending on furnishings, household equipment and routine maintenance of the house in 2024 in Latin America and the Caribbean, differentiated by country. Consumer spending here refers to the domestic demand of private households and non-profit institutions serving households (NPISHs) in the selected region. Spending by corporations or the state is not included. Consumer spending is the biggest component of the gross domestic product as computed on an expenditure basis in the context of national accounts. The other components in this approach are consumption expenditure of the state, gross domestic investment as well as the net exports of goods and services. Consumer spending is broken down according to the United Nations' Classification of Individual Consumption By Purpose (COICOP). The shown data adheres broadly to group 05. As not all countries and regions report data in a harmonized way, all data shown here has been processed by Statista to allow the greatest level of comparability possible. The underlying input data are usually household budget surveys conducted by government agencies that track spending of selected households over a given period.The data is shown in nominal terms, which means that monetary data is valued at prices of the respective year and has not been adjusted for inflation. For future years, the price level has been projected as well. The data has been converted from local currencies to US dollars using the average exchange rate of the respective year. For forecast years, the exchange rate has been projected as well. The timelines therefore incorporate currency effects.The shown data are an excerpt of Statista's Key Market Indicators (KMI). The KMI are a collection of primary and secondary indicators on the macro-economic, demographic and technological environment in more than 150 countries and regions worldwide. All input data are sourced from international institutions, national statistical offices, and trade associations. All data has been are processed to generate comparable datasets (see supplementary notes under details for more information).

Russia RU: GERD per Capita Population: Current PPP data was reported at 327.422 % in 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 311.294 % for 2019. Russia RU: GERD per Capita Population: Current PPP data is updated yearly, averaging 159.999 % from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2020, with 31 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 327.422 % in 2020 and a record low of 47.740 % in 1995. Russia RU: GERD per Capita Population: Current PPP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.

In response to Russia's large-scale aggression against Ukraine, the OECD Council decided on 8 March 2022 to immediately suspend the participation of Russia and Belarus in OECD bodies. In view of this decision, the OECD suspended its solicitation of official statistics on R&D from Russian authorities, leading to the absence of more recent R&D statistics for this country in the OECD database. Previously collected and compiled indicators are still available.

The business enterprise sector includes all organisations and enterprises whose main activity is connected with the production of goods and services for sale, including those owned by the state, and private non-profit institutions serving the above-mentioned organisations. In practice however, R&D performed in this sector is carried out mostly by industrial research institutes other than enterprises. This particularity reflects the traditional organisation of Russian R&D.

Headcount data include full-time personnel only, and hence are underestimated, while data in full-time equivalents (FTE) are calculated on the basis of both full-time and part-time personnel. This explains why the FTE data are greater than the headcount data.

New budgetary procedures introduced in 2005 have resulted in items previously classified as GBARD being attributed to other headings and have affected the coverage and breakdown by socio-economic objective.

Canada CA: GERD per Capita Population: Current PPP data was reported at 1,047.718 % in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1,061.942 % for 2022. Canada CA: GERD per Capita Population: Current PPP data is updated yearly, averaging 611.017 % from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2023, with 43 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,061.942 % in 2022 and a record low of 156.854 % in 1981. Canada CA: GERD per Capita Population: Current PPP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Canada – Table CA.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Canada, new sampling method (weighted sample survey supplemented by administrative tax data) and conceptual changes in the business R&D survey caused a break in series in 2014. From 2012 the coefficients used for estimating R&D expenditure in the Higher Education sector have been revised, as well as the distribution of HERD between funds directly from government for R&D, GUF, and from institutions’ own funds. From 2010, the federal government R&D expenditures are better measured. From 1988, the estimated values for R&D in hospitals not covered by university reports are included in the R&D expenditure of the higher education sector (not previously included).

Beginning 2017, NABS 2007 was used and correlated with the new Canadian Research and Development Classification (CRDC) system of classification at Statistics Canada. With the new methodology, SEO 12 and 13 (General advancement of knowledge) were removed from the survey and departments re-allocated the funds among the other SEOs. From 1989, non-federal sources are no longer excluded from GUF in GBARD.

Pharmaceutical spending per capita in Canada stood at nearly 900 U.S. dollars in 2023 (constant prices). In comparison, the United States reported per capita spending of nearly 1,500 U.S. dollars. As for medical goods and services in general, the U.S. is among the countries with the highest health costs worldwide. The higher costs in the United States are particularly obvious when compared to other high-income, developed countries. Higher drug prices in the U.S.Higher spending on pharmaceuticals is less impacted by higher drug usage by Americans and more by significantly higher drug prices in the United States. While in other countries, drug prices are regulated more or less by governments, the U.S. leaves drug pricing to market competition. As an outcome, the U.S. market is the most profitable for pharmaceutical companies. For example, the price for blockbuster drug Humira was six times higher in the United States than in Germany (2022). Rx drug usage in the U.S.Almost half of all Americans have taken at least one prescription medicine within the preceding month. Generally, women take more prescribed drugs than men, although the difference decreased significantly over the past two decades. In the United States, among the therapeutic areas where spending is the highest are diabetes, oncology, autoimmune, and respiratory diseases. On the other hand, antihypertensives and mental health drugs are the leading classes based on number of prescriptions filled.

Slovakia SK: GERD per Capita Population: Current PPP data was reported at 397.923 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 346.624 % for 2021. Slovakia SK: GERD per Capita Population: Current PPP data is updated yearly, averaging 108.473 % from Dec 1992 (Median) to 2022, with 31 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 397.923 % in 2022 and a record low of 69.085 % in 1999. Slovakia SK: GERD per Capita Population: Current PPP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Slovakia – Table SK.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

For the Slovak Republic, data before 1994 refer to the Research and Development Base (RDB) and cover the whole activity of institutions and not only R&D. Defence R&D was totally excluded until 1997 and only partially included thereafter.

Since 2002, a new budget classification compatible with COFOG enables the identification of government budget allocations for defence R&D. The defence category includes R&D allocations for defence, safety, and security of the country. For earlier years, defence R&D was included in the GBARD total.

The global current healthcare spending per capita in was forecast to continuously increase between 2024 and 2029 by in total 385.2 U.S. dollars (+26.13 percent). After the fourteenth consecutive increasing year, the spending is estimated to reach 1,859.33 U.S. dollars and therefore a new peak in 2029. Depicted here is the average per capita spending, in a given country or region, with regards to healthcare. The spending refers to the average current spending of both governments and consumers per inhabitant.The shown data are an excerpt of Statista's Key Market Indicators (KMI). The KMI are a collection of primary and secondary indicators on the macro-economic, demographic and technological environment in up to 150 countries and regions worldwide. All indicators are sourced from international and national statistical offices, trade associations and the trade press and they are processed to generate comparable data sets (see supplementary notes under details for more information).Find more key insights for the current healthcare spending per capita in countries like Africa and North America.