As of 2024, the population of Israel reached about *** million permanent residents in total. About *** million were registered as Jews or other non-Arab populations. Furthermore, some *** million Arabs lived in the country.

Israel's population is aging steadily, with the median age projected to rise from ** years in 2020 to ** years by 2050. This demographic shift reflects global trends of increasing life expectancy and declining birth rates, though Israel maintained a relatively young population compared to many developed nations. The country's unique religious and cultural makeup contributed to regional variations in age distribution, presenting both opportunities and challenges for policymakers. Which region has the oldest population? As of 2023, over a ******* of Israelis were under the age of 14 years. The largest age group in the country being ************** and below. Interestingly, significant regional differences existed within the country when it came to age distribution and aging. While the median age in the Jerusalem district was below **, Tel Aviv was the oldest region with an average age of over ** years, highlighting significant demographic variations across different areas. How does religion influence demographics? Religious affiliation played a role in Israel's age structure and demographics. Muslims are the youngest religious group with a median age of ** years, while Christians of Arab ethnicity are the oldest, at ** years. Jews, the largest religious-ethnic group, had a median age of almost ** years, but within the Jewish demographic, age and fertility varied greatly between people based on religiosity. These differences play a significant role in the country's population and future growth patterns.

In 2023, there were 179,400 Christians living in Israel. Christians of Arabic ethnic background accounted for the majority, with 141,800 individuals. Non-Arab Christians comprised 37,600 people in the country.

The number of households registered as Jewish in Israel reached roughly **** million in 2023. In the same year, ******* households were registered as Arab, while ****** households were registered as belonging to population groups of other religions.

This study documents disparities on the basis of nationality, ethnicity, and gender in court awards regarding the loss of future earnings in road accident cases in Israel. We analyze a random selection of 236 court decisions in road accident cases that reached final decisions on their merits between 1978 and 2018, in which the nationality, ethnicity, and gender of victims were identifiable (via first and last names). We show that although in Israel the reliance on sex and race based statistical data to calculate damages in tort cases is a prohibited practice, courts tend to reach lower estimates of the future lost earnings of Mizrahi Jews, Arabs, and women than the future lost earnings of otherwise similarly situated Ashkenazi Jewish men. In the analyses, we hold injured persons’ earnings at the time of the accident and occupations constant. The effects we observe are significant in magnitude. The results of our study are particularly noteworthy, given the fact that we document disparities that correspond with the already existing labor force inequalities and discrimination in hiring, salary, and promotion on the basis of nationality, ethnicity, and gender in Israel.

In 2023, almost ** percent of Jewish residents in Israel owned their homes, while about ** percent rented. Among homes with Arab occupants, almost ** percent were homeowners, and only about ** percent were renters. Interestingly, over half of the non-Jews and non-Arabs, were renters, at ** percent.

This dataset tracks annual two or more races student percentage from 2013 to 2023 for Israel Putnam School vs. Connecticut and Meriden School District

As of 2023, the youngest population group by religion in Israel were Muslims, with a median age of 24 years. On the other hand, the religious group was that of Christians of Arab ethnicity, at 35 years. The median age among Jews, the most populous group in the country, was ****.

This dataset is about books. It has 1 row and is filtered where the book is The emergence of ethnicity : cultural groups and social conflict in Israel. It features 7 columns including author, publication date, language, and book publisher.

This dataset tracks annual two or more races student percentage from 2009 to 2023 for Israel Loring School vs. Massachusetts and Sudbury School District

Supplementary tables for paper_new_3. Table S1: Causes of death by educational status and sex (numbers of deaths)Table S2: Causes of death by educational status and population group (percentage and numbers of deaths). Table S3: Hazard ratios from separate cox regression models predicting risk of death by cause for Jews and Others and Arabs aged 25-64 at baseline with 95% confidence interval (CI). Table S4: Hazard ratios from cox regression model predicting risk of death by cause with 95% confidence interval (CI) aged 25-54 at baseline.Table S5: Health influencing factors from the Social Surveys of 2017 and 2010 by educational status (percentage)

Research has shown that perceived realistic and symbolic threats are linked with negative attitudes and prejudice toward out-group members. Additionally, levels of perceived group threat regarding out-groups can affect intergroup violence justification. Based on the Integrated Threat Theory (ITT), the current study aimed to expand existing knowledge by examining a conceptual model in which perceived threat mediates the relationship between ethnicity and intergroup violence justification among Jews and Arabs in Israel. The study involved 324 Israeli-Jewish and 325 Israeli-Arabs, who answered questions regarding perceived out-group threat and intergroup violence justification. Findings revealed that (a) Jews were more likely to justify intergroup violence than Arabs, and (b) perceived realistic threat mediates the relationship between ethnic affiliation and intergroup violence justification only among Jews. These results underscore the importance of understanding intergroup conflicts in the field of criminology.

The influence of group membership on perceptions of outgroup members has been extensively studied in various contexts. This research has indicated a strong tendency for ingroup bias – preferring the ingroup over the outgroup. We seek to further expand on the growing literature regarding the effects of group membership within healthcare contexts. Focusing on the Arab-Jewish context in Israel, the present study explored the influence of group membership on Israeli-Jewish participants’ evaluations when exposed to potential malpractice. Specifically, participants (n = 165) read a description of an Israeli-Jewish or Israeli-Arab physician who was either culpable or non-culpable of malpractice. Consistent with our predictions, findings generally indicated more negative evaluations of the Israeli-Arab physician, regardless of objective culpability. We conclude by discussing the study’s limitations and implications.

In January 2024, ** percent of Jewish respondents in Israel believed that there was a common set of values and understandings shared by most Israelis. This amounts to a ** percentage point increase from a previous survey conducted in June 2023. In comparison, only ** percent of Arab respondents agreed that there was such a consensus in January 2024, a decline of ** percentage points from June 2023. Following the Israel-Hamas war, which started on October 7th, 2023, public sentiment on a 'national consensus' among Jews and Arabs in Israel diverged significantly.

IPUMS-International is an effort to inventory, preserve, harmonize, and disseminate census microdata from around the world. The project has collected the world's largest archive of publicly available census samples. The data are coded and documented consistently across countries and over time to facilitate comparative research. IPUMS-International makes these data available to qualified researchers free of charge through a web dissemination system. The IPUMS project is a collaboration of the Minnesota Population Center, National Statistical Offices, and international data archives. Major funding is provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation and the Demographic and Behavioral Sciences Branch of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Additional support is provided by the University of Minnesota Office of the Vice President for Research, the Minnesota Population Center, and Sun Microsystems. Detailed metadata will be found in ipumsi_6.3_il_1983_ddic.html within the Data Package. The related metadata describes the content of the extraction of the specified sample from the IPUMS International on-line extraction system.

In 2023, the homicide rate among Jews and other non-Arab ethnic groups in Israel was 0.85 murders per 100,000 people. In the same year, the death rate by violent crime spiked among Arab Israelis to more than 13 times higher that of Jews. Overall, between 2019 and 2023, the fatality rate rose among both Arabs and Jews, but more drastically within Arab communities.

ObjectiveDiabetes mellitus is an emerging epidemic in the Arab world. Although high diabetes prevalence is documented in Israeli Arabs, information from cohort studies is scant.MethodsThis is a population study, based on information derived between 2007–2011, from the electronic database of the largest health fund in Israel, among Arabs and Jews. Prevalence, 4-year-incidence and diabetes hazard ratios [HRs], adjusted for sex and the metabolic-syndrome [MetS]-components, were determined in 3 age groups (

Background: Long-term morbidity and mortality data among ischemic heart disease (IHD) patients of different ethnicities are conflicting. We sought to determine the independent association of ethnicity and all-cause mortality over two decades of follow-up of Israeli patients.Methods: Our study comprised 15,524 patients including 958 (6%) Arab patients who had been previously enrolled in the Bezafibrate Infarction Prevention (BIP) registry between February 1, 1990, and October 31, 1992, and subsequently followed-up for long-term mortality. We compared clinical characteristics and outcomes of Israeli Arabs and Jews. Propensity score matching (PSM) (1:2 ratios) was used for validation.Results: Arab patients were significantly younger (56 ± 7 years vs. 60 ± 7 years; p < 0.001; respectively), and had more cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that all-cause mortality was significantly higher among Arab patients (67 vs. 61%; log-rank p < 0.001). Multivariate adjusted analysis showed that mortality risk was 49% greater (HR 1.49; 95% CI: 1.37–1.62; p < 0.001) among Arabs.Conclusions: Arab ethnicity is independently associated with an increased 20-year all-cause mortality among patients with established IHD.

Central Valley Chinook Salmon populations differ in their Endangered Species Act listing status. It is often difficult to distinguish individuals from the different Evolutionarily Significant Units. As such, many of the salmon monitoring and evaluation efforts in the Central Valley and San Francisco Bay-Delta are hampered by uncertainty about population (stock) identification and proportional effects of management actions (Dekar et al. 2013; IEP 2019). Studies have identified that the current identification method (length-at-date models) of juvenile Chinook salmon (Fisher 1992) captured in the watershed vary in their accuracy, particularly for spring-run (NMFS 2013; Harvey et al. 2014; Merz et al. 2014). The inaccuracy of the size-based methods is likely due to differences in fish distribution during early rearing, habitat-specific growth rates, and inter-annual variability in temperatures and food availability that lead to overlap in size ranges among stocks. The primary objective of this project was the genetic classification (to race; Evolutionary Significant Unit) of Chinook Salmon captured from State Water Project and Central Valley Project fish protection facilities and Interagency Ecological Program monitoring programs. The population-of-origin was determined for sampled fish by comparing their genotypes to reference genetic baselines. Genetic methods, having less statistical uncertainty that size-based models for population identification, were intended to directly target (and reduce) one source of uncertainty in the estimation of loss (take) from water diversions (operations) and develop the information necessary for understanding stock-specific distribution, habitat utilization, abundance, and life history variation. This project supports recommendations from the Interagency Ecological Program’s Salmon and Sturgeon Assessment of Indicators by Life Stage and Interagency Ecological Program Science Agenda efforts to improve Central Valley salmonid monitoring (Johnson et al. 2017; IEP 2019).

   Literature Cited

   Dekar, M., P. Brandes, J. Kirsch, L. Smith, J. Speegle, P. Cadrett and M. Marshall. 2013. USFWS Delta Juvenile Fish Monitoring Program Review. Background Document. Prepared for IEP Science Advisory Group, June 2013. US Fish and Wildlife Service, Stockton Fish and Wildlife Office, Lodi, CA. 224 p.
   Fisher, F.W. 1992. Chinook Salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, growth and occurrence in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River system. California Department of Fish and Game, Inland Fisheries Divisions, draft office report, Redding. 
   Harvey, B.N., D.P. Jacobson, M.A. Banks. 2014. Quantifying the uncertainty of a juvenile Chinook Salmon Race Identification Methyod for a Mixed-Race Stock. North American Journal of Fisheries Management. 
   IEP, Interagency Ecological Program. 2019. Interagency Ecological Program Science Strategy 2020-2024: Invenstment Priorities for Interagency Collaborative Science.
   Johnson, R.C., S. Windell, P. L. Brandes, J. L. Conrad, J. Ferguson, P. A. L. Goertler, B. N. Harvey, J.Heublein, J. A. Israel, D. W. Kratville, J. E. Kirsch, R. W. Perry, J. Pisciotto, W. R. Poytress, K. Reece, and B. G. Swart. 2017. Increasing the management value of life stage monitoring networks for three imperiled fishes in California's regulated rivers: case study Sacramento Winter-run Chinook salmon. San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science 15: 1-41.
   National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). 2013. Endangered and Threatened Species: Designation of a Nonessential Experimental Population of Central Valley Spring-Run Chinook Salmon Below Friant Dam in the San Joaquin River, CA. Federal Register 70: 79622, December 31, 2013.

BMI among patients with incident diabetes and healthy controls by ethnicity and age*.