As of 2023, roughly one in 15 active physicians in the United States were Hispanic (regardless of race). Asians were overrepresented, accounting for nearly one in 5 physicians in the U.S., while Asians made up just 6.3 percent of the total U.S. population.

This statistic shows the results of a survey regarding U.S. physicians' average annual compensation, as of 2025, by race and ethnicity. According to the survey, white/Caucasian physicians earned an average annual income of ******* U.S. dollars, much higher than ******* U.S. dollars earned on average by African American/Black doctors. The difference in the average incentive bonuses between ethnicity/racial groups were even higher.

This dataset comprises physician-level entries from the 1906 American Medical Directory, the first in a series of semi-annual directories of all practicing physicians published by the American Medical Association [1]. Physicians are consistently listed by city, county, and state. Most records also include details about the place and date of medical training. From 1906-1940, Directories also identified the race of black physicians [2].This dataset comprises physician entries for a subset of US states and the District of Columbia, including all of the South and several adjacent states (Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia). Records were extracted via manual double-entry by professional data management company [3], and place names were matched to latitude/longitude coordinates. The main source for geolocating physician entries was the US Census. Historical Census records were sourced from IPUMS National Historical Geographic Information System [4]. Additionally, a public database of historical US Post Office locations was used to match locations that could not be found using Census records [5]. Fuzzy matching algorithms were also used to match misspelled place or county names [6].The source of geocoding match is described in the “match.source” field (Type of spatial match (census_YEAR = match to NHGIS census place-county-state for given year; census_fuzzy_YEAR = matched to NHGIS place-county-state with fuzzy matching algorithm; dc = matched to centroid for Washington, DC; post_places = place-county-state matched to Blevins & Helbock's post office dataset; post_fuzzy = matched to post office dataset with fuzzy matching algorithm; post_simp = place/state matched to post office dataset; post_confimed_missing = post office dataset confirms place and county, but could not find coordinates; osm = matched using Open Street Map geocoder; hand-match = matched by research assistants reviewing web archival sources; unmatched/hand_match_missing = place coordinates could not be found). For records where place names could not be matched, but county names could, coordinates for county centroids were used. Overall, 40,964 records were matched to places (match.type=place_point) and 931 to county centroids ( match.type=county_centroid); 76 records could not be matched (match.type=NA).Most records include information about the physician’s medical training, including the year of graduation and a code linking to a school. A key to these codes is given on Directory pages 26-27, and at the beginning of each state’s section [1]. The OSM geocoder was used to assign coordinates to each school by its listed location. Straight-line distances between physicians’ place of training and practice were calculated using the sf package in R [7], and are given in the “school.dist.km” field. Additionally, the Directory identified a handful of schools that were “fraudulent” (school.fraudulent=1), and institutions set up to train black physicians (school.black=1).AMA identified black physicians in the directory with the signifier “(col.)” following the physician’s name (race.black=1). Additionally, a number of physicians attended schools identified by AMA as serving black students, but were not otherwise identified as black; thus an expanded racial identifier was generated to identify black physicians (race.black.prob=1), including physicians who attended these schools and those directly identified (race.black=1).Approximately 10% of dataset entries were audited by trained research assistants, in addition to 100% of black physician entries. These audits demonstrated a high degree of accuracy between the original Directory and extracted records. Still, given the complexity of matching across multiple archival sources, it is possible that some errors remain; any identified errors will be periodically rectified in the dataset, with a log kept of these updates.For further information about this dataset, or to report errors, please contact Dr Ben Chrisinger (Benjamin.Chrisinger@tufts.edu). Future updates to this dataset, including additional states and Directory years, will be posted here: https://dataverse.harvard.edu/dataverse/amd.References:1. American Medical Association, 1906. American Medical Directory. American Medical Association, Chicago. Retrieved from: https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000543547.2. Baker, Robert B., Harriet A. Washington, Ololade Olakanmi, Todd L. Savitt, Elizabeth A. Jacobs, Eddie Hoover, and Matthew K. Wynia. "African American physicians and organized medicine, 1846-1968: origins of a racial divide." JAMA 300, no. 3 (2008): 306-313. doi:10.1001/jama.300.3.306.3. GABS Research Consult Limited Company, https://www.gabsrcl.com.4. Steven Manson, Jonathan Schroeder, David Van Riper, Tracy Kugler, and Steven Ruggles. IPUMS National Historical Geographic Information System: Version 17.0 [GNIS, TIGER/Line & Census Maps for US Places and Counties: 1900, 1910, 1920, 1930, 1940, 1950; 1910_cPHA: ds37]. Minneapolis, MN: IPUMS. 2022. http://doi.org/10.18128/D050.V17.05. Blevins, Cameron; Helbock, Richard W., 2021, "US Post Offices", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/NUKCNA, Harvard Dataverse, V1, UNF:6:8ROmiI5/4qA8jHrt62PpyA== [fileUNF]6. fedmatch: Fast, Flexible, and User-Friendly Record Linkage Methods. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/fedmatch/index.html7. sf: Simple Features for R. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/sf/index.html

As of August 2023, some ** percent of Black U.S. adults mentioned that they only sometimes trust doctors or other health care providers. While a further three percent mentioned that they do not trust health care providers. However, nearly seven out of ten U.S. adults across all racial groups indicated that they trust doctors and other health care providers all or most of the time to do what is right for them and their community.

In 2023, around ** percent of Hispanic men in the United States stated they had no personal doctor or health care provider. This statistic shows the percentage of men in the U.S. who reported having no personal doctor or health care provider in 2023, by race and ethnicity.

To what extent do Americans racially discriminate against doctors? While a large literature shows that racial biases pervade the American healthcare system, there has been no systematic examination of these biases in terms of who patients select for medical treatment. We examine this question in the context of the ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic, where a wealth of qualitative evidence suggests that discrimination against some historically marginalized communities, particularly Asians, has increased throughout the United States. Conducting a well-powered conjoint experiment with a national sample of 1,498 Americans, we find that respondents do not, on average, discriminate against Asian or doctors from other systematically minoritized groups. We also find no consistent evidence of treatment effect heterogeneity; Americans of all types appear not to care about the racial identity of their doctor, at least in our study. This finding has important implications for the potential limits of American prejudice.

This statistic shows the number of times adults in the U.S. went to the doctor for a check-up in the past year as of February 2017, by ethnicity. It was found that 20 percent or Black or African American respondents and 19 percent of Hispanic American or Latino respondents had no check-ups with a doctor in the past year.

In 2021, 68 percent of respondents who identified as Hispanic mentioned that they had some level of trust in their physicians. In general, people of color in the U.S. were less likely to completely or somewhat trust their physicians in comparison to white Americans.

In 2024, around ** percent of white adults in the United States had doctor-diagnosed arthritis in some form. This statistic displays the prevalence of doctor-diagnosed arthritis in the adult population in the United States from 2019 to 2024, by race.

In 2023, ** percent of Black immigrant adults in the U.S. reported they have been treated differently or unfairly by a doctor or other health care provider due to their racial or ethnic background. This statistic represents the share of immigrant adults who stated that since coming to the U.S., a doctor or health provider has treated them differently or unfairly as of 2023, by race.

The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services recently released a five star rating system as part of ‘Dialysis Facility Compare’ to help patients identify and choose high performing clinics in the US. Eight dialysis-related measures determine ratings. Little is known about the association between surrounding community sociodemographic characteristics and star ratings. Using data from the U.S. Census and over 6000 dialysis clinics across the country, we examined the association between dialysis clinic star ratings and characteristics of the local population: 1) proportion of population below the federal poverty level (FPL); 2) proportion of black individuals; and 3) proportion of Hispanic individuals, by correlation and regression analyses. Secondary analyses with Quality Incentive Program (QIP) scores and population characteristics were also performed. We observed a negligible correlation between star ratings and the proportion of local individuals below FPL; Spearman coefficient, R = -0.09 (p

From 2019 to 2021, around 39 million white, non-Hispanic adults in the United States had doctor-diagnosed arthritis. This statistic illustrates the number of adults with doctor-diagnosed arthritis in the United States from 2019 to 2021, by race and ethnicity.

This statistic shows the results of a survey conducted in the United States in February 2017, by ethnicity. U.S. adults were asked how much pressure from the pharma industry they believe physicians are under to prescribe certain drugs to their patients. In total, 21 percent of Black or African American respondents felt that the pressure from the pharmaceutical industry on doctors is very high.

This statistic shows the percentage of adults in the U.S. who visited a doctor right away when suffering from select symptoms as of February 2017, by ethnicity. It was found that 22 percent of Hispanic respondents went to a doctor right away when experiencing back pain, compared to 13 percent of White respondents.

This statistic shows the number of times adults in the U.S. went to the doctor for acute treatment in the past year as of February 2017, by ethnicity. It was found that 24 percent of Black or African respondents went to the doctor up to three times for acute treatments in the past twelve months.

BackgroundScreening for mental health problems has been shown to be effective to detect depression and initiate treatment in primary care. Current guidelines recommend periodic screening for depression and anxiety. This study examines the association of patient sociodemographic factors and clinic characteristics on mental health screening in primary care.DesignIn this retrospective cohort study, electronic medical record (EMR) data from a 14-month period from 10/15/2021 to 12/14/2022 were analyzed. Data were retrieved from 18 primary care clinics from the Corewell Health healthcare system in West Michigan. The main outcome was documentation of any Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4/PHQ-9/GAD-7) screening in the EMR within the 14-month period at patient level. General linear regression models with logit link function were used to assess adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of having a documented screening.ResultsIn total, 126,306 unique patients aged 16 years or older with a total of 291,789 encounters were included. The prevalence of 14-month screening was 79.8% (95% CI, 79.6–80.0). Regression analyses revealed higher screening odds for patients of smaller clinics (10.000 patients), clinics in areas with mental health provider shortages (aOR 1.69; 95% CI 1.62–1.77), frequent visits (aOR 1.80; 95% CI, 1.78–1.83), and having an annual physical / well child visit encounter (aOR 1.52; 95% CI, 1.47–1.57). Smaller positive effect sizes were also found for male sex, Black or African American race, Asian race, Latinx ethnicity (ref. White/Caucasians), and having insurance through Medicaid (ref. other private insurance).DiscussionThe 14-month mental health screening rates have been shown to be significantly lower among patients with infrequent visits seeking care in larger clinics and available mental health resources in the community. Introducing and incentivizing mandatory mental health screening protocols in annual well visits, are viable options to increase screening rates.

Following the 2016 US Presidential election, immigration enforcement became more aggressive, with variation by state and region depending on local policies and sentiment. Increases in enforcement created an environment of risk for decreased use of health care services among especially among Latino families. of Hispanic ethnicity and/or from Latin American origin (as a group subsequently referred to as Latino). For Latino children with chronic health conditions, avoidance of routine health care can result in significant negative health consequences such as disease progression, avoidable use of acute health care services, and overall increased costs of care. To investigate for changes in visit attendance during the periods before and since increased immigration enforcement, we extracted data on children followed by subspecialty clinics of one healthcare system in the US state of North Carolina during 2015–2019. For each patient, we calculated the proportion of cancelled visits and no-show visits out of all scheduled visits during the 2016–2019 follow-up period. We compared patient characteristics (at the 2015 baseline) according to whether they cancelled or did not show to any visits in subsequent years by clinic and patient factors, including ethnicity. Data were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression of attendance at each visit, including an interaction between visit year and patient ethnicity. Among 852 children 1 to 17 years of age (111 of Latino ethnicity), visit no-show was more common among Latino patients, compared to non-Latino White patients; while visit cancellation was more common among non-Latino White patients, compared to Latino patients. There was no significant interaction between ethnicity and trends in visit no-show or cancellation. Although differences in pediatric specialty clinic visit attendance by patient ethnicity were seen at study baseline, changing immigration policy and negative rhetoric did not appear to impact use of pediatric subspecialty care.

In the academic year of 2020/21, about 690 doctoral degrees were earned by American Indian or Alaskan Native students in the United States. In that year, a further 23,479 non-resident aliens earned doctoral degrees in the U.S.

This statistic displays the opinions of U.S. adults on laws allowing doctor-assisted suicide for terminally ill patients in 2013, by ethnicity. Some 32 percent of Hispanic adults in the United States approved of laws allowing for physician-assisted suicide. In the last 15 years, the percentage of people saying that medical professionals should do everything possible to save a patients life has increased.

From 2016 to 2018, around 43 percent of Hispanic adults in the United States with doctor-diagnosed arthritis had arthritis-attributable activity limitation. This statistic illustrates the prevalence of arthritis-attributable activity limitation among adults with doctor-diagnosed arthritis in the United States from 2016 to 2018, by ethnicity.