In 2023, 17.9 percent of Black people living in the United States were living below the poverty line, compared to 7.7 percent of white people. That year, the total poverty rate in the U.S. across all races and ethnicities was 11.1 percent. Poverty in the United States Single people in the United States making less than 12,880 U.S. dollars a year and families of four making less than 26,500 U.S. dollars a year are considered to be below the poverty line. Women and children are more likely to suffer from poverty, due to women staying home more often than men to take care of children, and women suffering from the gender wage gap. Not only are women and children more likely to be affected, racial minorities are as well due to the discrimination they face. Poverty data Despite being one of the wealthiest nations in the world, the United States had the third highest poverty rate out of all OECD countries in 2019. However, the United States' poverty rate has been fluctuating since 1990, but has been decreasing since 2014. The average median household income in the U.S. has remained somewhat consistent since 1990, but has recently increased since 2014 until a slight decrease in 2020, potentially due to the pandemic. The state that had the highest number of people living below the poverty line in 2020 was California.

Graph and download economic data for Income Before Taxes: Public Assistance, Supplemental Security Income, SNAP by Race: Black or African American (CXUWELFARELB0905M) from 1984 to 2023 about supplements, assistance, social assistance, public, SNAP, food stamps, African-American, tax, food, income, and USA.

This poll is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicit public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. It was fielded January 11-15, 2001, just prior to the end of the Bill Clinton presidency. Respondents were asked to give their opinions of President Bill Clinton and his handling of the economy, foreign affairs, race relations, the welfare system, crime, and the health care system. A series of questions focused on Clinton and his presidency, including whether Clinton was honest and trustworthy, possessed high personal moral and ethical standards, understood the problems of the American people, had kept the economy strong, had been a strong leader, how he would go down in history, whether the House of Representatives was right to impeach him, and whether he should be charged with a crime for giving false testimony in 1999 regarding his relationship with White House intern Monica Lewinsky. Respondents were asked which of the following issues should be given the highest priority by incoming president George W. Bush and Congress: maintaining a strong economy, protecting the Social Security system, holding down the costs of health care/health insurance, keeping the federal budget balanced, reducing the use of illegal drugs, reforming campaign finance laws, reducing political partisanship in Washington, DC, raising pay and benefits for military personnel, improving opportunities for women and minorities, cutting taxes, improving education, expanding health care coverage, helping the elderly pay for prescription drugs, protecting the environment, upgrading military systems and equipment, banning partial-birth abortions, establishing uniform standards for presidential elections, and improving race relations. A series of questions focused on the incoming Bush administration. Respondent views were sought on Bush's nomination of John Ashcroft for attorney general, Bush's nomination of Gale Norton for secretary of the interior, whether Bush was legitimately elected as president, whether Bush had a mandate to carry out his campaign promises, what type of president Bush would be, and Bush's handling of the presidential transition. Those queried were also asked whether they thought Bush would work for or against the following interest groups: labor unions, large corporations, the poor, the wealthy, the middle class, women's rights groups, the military, environmental groups, religious conservatives, Blacks or African-Americans, Hispanics, other racial and ethnic minorities, and white males. A series of questions on the economy covered whether the economy was headed toward a recession, respondent stock investments, whether stock investments were safe, whether the market would go up or down next year, whether changes in the stock market personally affected the respondent, and what type of tax cut they would prefer. Additional topics covered respondent views on homosexuals serving in the military, gun control laws, abortion, school voucher programs, the construction of a missile defense system, drilling for oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge in Alaska, energy conservation vs. finding new energy sources, preferential treatment of minorities and women, tobacco companies, and mad cow disease. Background information on respondents includes age, gender, political party, political orientation, voter participation history, education, race, Hispanic origin, labor union membership, household income, and whether the respondent ate beef.

Ethnic Diversity and Preferences for Redistribution attempts to explain if individual's preferences for redistribution change if the ethnic diversity increases in a municipality. In this case, selected parts of the Swedish Election Studies has been matched with municipal data for the time period between 1985 and 1994, when Sweden had an active placement program of refugees. This meant that the refugees themselves were not allowed to decide where to settle, but instead they were places in municipalities which had contracts with the Swedish Integration Board (Invandrarverket). Originally the idea of the program was to direct the refugees to municipalities with good labor market conditions, but since the number of refugees arriving to Sweden were larger than expected, so in practice more or less all municipalities were a part of the program. With the placement program refugees spread more across the country, than before the program. Ethnic Diversity and Preferences for Redistribution focus primarily on refugees from nations which not were members in the OECD 1994 and Turkey. The data comes from the Swedish Election Studies survey waves for the elections in 1982, 1985, 1988, 1991 and 1994. Primarily it consists of various background variables and variables about individual's preferences for private health care, nuclear power and social benefits. The municipal data primarily consist of various socio-economic and political variables, such as population, tax base, welfare spending and share of refugees. Some of these variables are the average of the term (1986-1988, 1989-1991, and 1992-1994). Purpose: Investigate the causal link between the ethnic diversity in a society and its inhabitants´ preferences for redistribution. Ethnic Diversity and Preferences for Redistribution försöker att belysa om individers preferenser kring omfördelning förändras i och med att den etniska mångfalden i en kommun ökar. I detta fall har utvalda delar från Svensk valundersökning matchats ihop med kommundata under perioden 1985 till 1994, då Sverige hade ett aktivt utplaceringsprogram av flyktingar. Detta innebar att flyktingarna inte själva fick bestämma var de skulle bosätta sig, utan att de istället placerades i kommuner enligt kommunvisa avtal med Invandrarverket. Från början var tanken att styra flyktingarna mot kommuner som hade gynnsamma arbetsmarknadsförhållanden, men eftersom flyktinginvandringen blev större än förväntat kom i praktiken i stort sett alla kommuner att omfattas. I och med utplaceringsprogrammet blev flyktingmottagandet mer spritt över landet. I Ethnic Diversity and Preferences for Redistribution fokuserar främst på de flyktningar/invandrare som kommer från nationer som inte var medlemmar i OECD 1994 samt Turkiet. Datamängden som är hämtad från den Svenska valundersökningen är från undersökningsvågorna för 1982, 1985, 1988, 1991 och 1994 års val. Främst handlar det om variabler kring olika bakgrundsfaktorer och kring individers preferenser för privat hälsovård, kärnkraft samt för sociala bidrag. Den kommunala datan består främst av olika socioekonomiska och politiska variabler såsom population, skattebas, välfärdsutgifter och andelen invandrare. Vissa av dessa variabler är genomsnittet för mandatperioden (1986-1988, 1989-1991 och 1992-1994) Syfte: Att undersöka orsakssambandet mellan den etniska mångfalden i ett samhälle och dess invånares preferenser för omfördelning. The study is based on data both from the Swedish Election Studies with a simple random sample of individuals between 18 and 80 years living in Sweden and eligible to vote in the parliamentary elections, and municipal data from all Swedish municipalities (total universe). From this matched data, it is only individuals which have lived in the same municipality in both survey waves which they are involved, so no other external circumstances affect the individual's preferences.The study is based on data both from the Swedish Election Studies with a simple random sample of individuals between 18 and 80 years living in Sweden and eligible to vote in the parliamentary elections, and municipal data from all Swedish municipalities (total universe). From this matched data, it is only individuals which have lived in the same municipality in both survey waves which they are involved, so no other external circumstances affect the individual's preferences. Studien baseras på datamaterial från både Svensk valundersökning som bygger på ett obundet slumpmässigt urval av individer mellan 18 och 80 år som är röstberättigade i riksdagsvalet samt kommundata från alla svenska kommuner (totala populationen). Ur detta datamaterial har man enbart valt att behålla de individer som har bott kvar i samma kommun i båda undersökningsvågorna som de har medverkat i, för att inte andra yttre omständigheter ska påverkar individernas preferenser.Studien baseras på datamaterial från både Svensk valundersökning som bygger på ett obundet slumpmässigt urval av individer mellan 18 och 80 år som är röstberättigade i riksdagsvalet samt kommundata från alla svenska kommuner (totala populationen). Ur detta datamaterial har man enbart valt att behålla de individer som har bott kvar i samma kommun i båda undersökningsvågorna som de har medverkat i, för att inte andra yttre omständigheter ska påverkar individernas preferenser.

The purpose of this study was to provide an appropriate theoretical and empirical approach to concepts, measures, and methods in the study of black Americans. The questionnaire was developed over two years with input from social scientists, students, and a national advisory panel of black scholars. The final instrument is comprehensive, encompassing several broad areas related to black American life. The study explores neighborhood-community integration, services, crime and community contact, the role of religion and the church, physical and mental health, and self-esteem. It examines employment, the effects of chronic unemployment, the effects of race on the job, and interaction with family and friends. The survey includes questions about racial attitudes, race identity, group stereotypes, and race ideology. Demographic variables include education, income, occupation, and political behavior and affiliation. The sample includes 2,107 black United States citizens, 18 years of age or older. A national multistage probability sample was selected. Therefore, the sample is self-weighting and every black American household in the continental United States had an equal probability of being selected. The Murray Research Archive has available numeric file data from the study. A subset of numeric file data comprised of 500 respondents and 152 variables created specifically for use in research methodology and statistics courses is also available. Additional waves of data for this study have been collected and are available through ICPSR.

In 2022, with more than 303,000 people, the ethnic Malay was the largest group of public assistance recipients from the Department of Social Welfare in Malaysia. The second-largest group was the Chinese Malaysian with more than 82,000 recipients of financial assistance in the same year.

In 2022, the public assistance given to the ethnic Malay by the Malaysian Department of Social Welfare amounted to around 163 million Malaysian ringgit. The second-largest amount went to the indigenous ethnic group in Sabah, East Malaysia, with more than 53 million Malaysian ringgit in public assistance.

The following datasets are based on the children and youth (under age 21) beneficiary population and consist of aggregate Mental Health Service data derived from Medi-Cal claims, encounter, and eligibility systems. These datasets were developed in accordance with California Welfare and Institutions Code (WIC) § 14707.5 (added as part of Assembly Bill 470 on 10/7/17). Please contact BHData@dhcs.ca.gov for any questions or to request previous years’ versions of these datasets. Note: The Performance Dashboard AB 470 Report Application Excel tool development has been discontinued. Please see the Behavioral Health reporting data hub at https://behavioralhealth-data.dhcs.ca.gov/ for access to dashboards utilizing these datasets and other behavioral health data.

The New Zealand Census of Population and Dwellings is the official count of how many people and dwellings there are in New Zealand. It provides a snapshot of our society at a point in time and helps to tell the story of its social and economic change. The 2023 Census, held on Tuesday 7 March, was the 35th New Zealand Census of Population and Dwellings. The first official census was run in 1851, and since 1877 there has been a census every five years, with only four exceptions.

As of 2019, approximately 18 million South Africans vulnerable to poverty or in need of state support received social grants, relief assistance or social relief paid by the government. The largest group that received social grants were Black and Coloured South Africans.

This dataset includes the ethnicity of applicants for Insurance Affordability Programs (IAPs) who identified their ethnicity as Hispanic with the ethnic origin as Guatemalan, Mexican/Mexican American/Chicano, Other, Puerto Rican, Salvadoran, Mixed, or Cuban, Hispanic with ethnic origin not reported, not Hispanic, or ethnicity not reported by reporting period. The ethnicity data is from the California Healthcare Eligibility, Enrollment and Retention System (CalHEERS) and includes data from applications submitted directly to CalHEERS, to Covered California, and to County Human Services Agencies through the Statewide Automated Welfare System (SAWS) eHIT interface. This dataset is part of public reporting requirements set forth by the California Welfare and Institutions Code 14102.5.

This table aims to show the distribution of welfare of persons in the Netherlands, measured by their income. The figures in this table are broken down to different person characteristics.

The population consists of all persons in private households with income on January 1st of the reporting year. In the population for the subject low-income persons, persons in both student households and households with income only for a part of the year have been excluded. The population for the subject economic independence consists of all persons aged from 15 to the OAP-age in private households with income on January 1st of the reporting year, except for students and pupils.

Data available from: 2011

Status of the figures: The figures for 2011 to 2022 are final. The figures for 2023 are preliminary.

Changes as of November 2024: The preliminary figures for 2023 have been added.

When will new figures be published? New figures will be published in the fall of 2025.

The project's primary research objective was to assess the degree to which violence, sabotage, and control present obstacles to waged work and job training for women in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. It sought to develop and assess instruments and generate data to serve as guideposts for policy and service delivery. The study consisted of two parts: (1) a series of interviews with 40 female welfare recipients, and (2) a community literacy project that resulted in a collection of narratives by female welfare recipients. Interviews were conducted with 40 Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) recipients who were enrolled at the Reemployment Transition Center (RTC) in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, between May 29, 2001, and June 27, 2001. After explaining the research project to the intake group, the interviewers met in private with interested potential subjects. The interviews consisted of an initial face-to-face retrospective interview (Parts 1 through 5), conducted when subjects enrolled at RTC, and three follow-up interviews designed to be administered quarterly. The first follow-up interview (Part 6) was conducted between October 15, 2001, and May 7, 2002. The second follow-up interview (Part 7) was conducted between March 12, 2002, and May 21, 2002. The final follow-up (Part 8) interview was conducted between July 3, 2002, and November 15, 2002. Follow-up interviews were in person or by telephone (depending on the respondent's preference). A key innovation of this research project was to gather data on school, work, welfare, and relationships with enough precision to trace the complex connections among battering, work, and welfare over the course of poor women's lives (Part 9). To do so, researchers collected data on the start and end dates of each period of education, each job, each period on welfare, and each relationship. These data enabled researchers to compare the number and length of spells at work and on welfare for women who did and women who did not report various obstacles, including battering. Finally, researchers summarized some elements of the longitudinal data such as relationship and employment information into a data file (Part 10). In all, there are 10 quantitative data files encompassing 1,895 variables. In addition to the 10 quantitative data files, there are respondent answers to open text questions (Part 11). Interviewers were able to record field notes, which included observations about the interview context, overall impressions of the process, elaborated answers to open-ended questions, etc. (Part 12). There are also 8 autobiographical narratives to serve as sources of qualitative data on the ways current and former welfare recipients experience and perceive work, welfare, and relationships (including abuse) (Part 13). The Part 1 (Retrospective Demographic and Hardship Data) data file contains demographic information including living arrangements and income. The Part 2 (Retrospective Education Data) data file contains information related to the respondent's prior education. The Part 3 (Retrospective Employment Data) data file contains information related to the respondent's employment history. The Part 4 (Retrospective Welfare Data) contains information related to the respondent's welfare history. The Part 5 (Retrospective Relationship Data) data file contains information related to the Work-Related Control, Abuse, and Sabotage Checklist (WORCASC) and the Work/School Abuse Scale (W/SAS), which asked questions about interference, sabotage, and violence in relationships. The Part 6 (First Follow-Up Interview Data), Part 7 (Second Follow-Up Interview Data), and Part 8 (Final Follow-Up Interview Data) data files include follow-up information to that collected in Parts 1-5. The Part 9 (Date and Spell Data) data file provides data on the start and end dates of each period of education, each job, each period on welfare, and each relationship, and the Part 10 (Summary Longitudinal Data) data file summarizes some elements of the longitudinal data.

This longitudinal survey was designed to add significantly to the amount of detailed information available on the economic situation of households and persons in the United States. These data examine the level of economic well-being of the population and also provide information on how economic situations relate to the demographic and social characteristics of individuals. There are three basic elements contained in the survey. The first is a control card that records basic social and demographic characteristics for each person in a household, as well as changes in such characteristics over the course of the interviewing period. The second element is the core portion of the questionnaire, with questions repeated at each interview on labor force activity, types and amounts of income, participation in various cash and noncash benefit programs, attendance in postsecondary schools, private health insurance coverage, public or subsidized rental housing, low-income energy assistance, and school breakfast and lunch participation. The third element consists of topical modules which are series of supplemental questions asked during selected household visits. No topical modules were created for the first or second waves. The Wave III Rectangular Core and Topical Module File offers both the core data and additional data on (1) education and work history and (2) health and disability. In the areas of education and work history, data are supplied on the highest level of schooling attained, courses or programs studied in high school and after high school, whether the respondent received job training, and if so, for how long and under what program (e.g., CETA or WIN). Other items pertain to the respondent's general job history and include a description of selected previous jobs, duration of jobs, and reasons for periods spent not working. Health and disability variables present information on the general condition of the respondent's health, functional limitations, work disability, and the need for personal assistance. Data are also provided on hospital stays or periods of illness, health facilities used, and whether health insurance plans (private or Medicare) were available. Respondents whose children had physical, mental, or emotional problems were questioned about the causes of the problems and whether the children attended regular schools. The Wave IV Rectangular Core and Topical Module file contains both the core data and sets of questions exploring the subjects of (1) assets and liabilities, (2) retirement and pension coverage, and (3) housing costs, conditions, and energy usage. Some of the major assets for which data are provided are savings accounts, stocks, mutual funds, bonds, Keogh and IRA accounts, home equity, life insurance, rental property, and motor vehicles. Data on unsecured liabilities such as loans, credit cards, and medical bills also are included. Retirement and pension information covers such items as when respondents expect to stop working, whether they will receive retirement benefits, whether their employers have retirement plans, if so whether they are eligible, and how much they expect to receive per year from these plans. In the category of housing costs, conditions, and energy usage, variables pertain to mortgage payments, real estate taxes, fire insurance, principal owed, when the mortgage was obtained, interest rates, rent, type of fuel used, heating facilities, appliances, and vehicles. The Wave V topical modules explore the subject areas of (1) child care, (2) welfare history and child support, (3) reasons for not working/reservation wage, and (4) support for nonhousehold members/work-related expenses. Data on child care include items on child care arrangements such as who provides the care, the number of hours of care per week, where the care is provided, and the cost. Questions in the areas of welfare history and child support focus on receipt of aid from specific welfare programs and child support agreements and their fulfillment. The reasons for not working/reservation wage module presents data on why persons are not in the labor force and the conditions under which they might join the labor force. Additional variables cover job search activities, pay rate required, and reason for refusal of a job offer. The set of questions dealing with nonhousehold members/work-related expenses contains items on regular support payments for nonhousehold members and expenses associated with a job such as union dues, licenses, permits, special tools, uniforms, or travel expenses. Information is supplied in the Wave VII Topical Module file on (1) assets and liabilities, (2) pension plan coverage, and (3) real estate property and vehicles. Variables pertaining to assets and liabilities are similar to those contained in the topical module for Wave IV. Pension plan coverage items include whether the respondent will receive retirement benefits, whether the employer offers a retirement plan and if the respondent is included in the plan, and contributions by the employer and the employee to the plan. Real estate property and vehicles data include information on mortgages held, amount of principal still owed and current interest rate on mortgages, rental and vacation properties owned, and various items pertaining to vehicles belonging to the household. Wave VIII Topical Module includes questions on support for nonhousehold members, work-related expenses, marital history, migration history, fertility history, and household relationships. Support for nonhousehold members includes data for children and adults not in the household. Weekly and annual work-related expenses are documented. Widowhood, divorce, separation, and marriage dates are part of the marital history. Birth expectations as well as dates of birth for all the householder's children, in the household or elsewhere, are recorded in the fertility history. Migration history data supplies information on birth history of the householder's parents, number of times moved, and moving expenses. Household relationships lists the exact relationships among persons living in the household. Part 49, Wave IX Rectangular Core and Topical Module Research File, includes data on annual income, retirement accounts, taxes, school enrollment, and financing. This topical module research file has not been edited nor imputed, but has been topcoded or bottomcoded and recoded if necessary by the Census Bureau to avoid disclosure of individual respondents' identities. (Source: downloaded from ICPSR 7/13/10)

In this paper, we use the case of welfare recipients to validate conjoint experiments as a measure of stereotype content. Stereotypes are politically consequential, but their content can be difficult to measure. The conjoint measure of stereotype content, in which respondents see profiles describing hypothetical persons and rate these persons’ degree of belonging to the target group, offers several advantages over existing measures. However, no existing work evaluates the validity of this new measure. We evaluate this measurement technique using the case of welfare recipients. Stereotypes of welfare recipients are politically important and extensively studied, providing strong a priori expectations for portions of the stereotype, especially race, gender, and “deservingness.” At the same time, scholars disagree about the importance of another attribute with important political implications: immigration status. We find that aggregate stereotypes, measured via a conjoint experiment, match the strong a priori expectations: white Americans see welfare recipients as black, female, and violating the norms of work ethic. Individual-level stereotypes also predict welfare policy support—even when other demographic and ideological factors are accounted for. We also find that immigration status is not part of the welfare recipient stereotype for most Americans, but support for welfare is lower among those who do stereotype welfare recipients as undocumented immigrants. Finally, we suggest an improvement in the wording of the conjoint task. Overall, we confirm that conjoint experiments provide a valid measure of stereotypes.

Louisiana Poverty Rate Statistics for 2023. Analyze over 60 metrics of the Louisiana poverty database including by age, education, race, gender, work experience and more. In Louisiana, an estimated 829,565 of 4,467,616 people live in poverty, which is 18.6%. Compared to the national average of 12.6%, the poverty rate in Louisiana is 47.62% higher.

This statistic shows the share of United States citizens by their opinion on the welfare of animals in zoos in 2016, by ethnicity. During the survey, 24 percent of Hispanic respondents stated that they think most zoo animals are treated very well.

Poverty and low-income statistics by visible minority group, Indigenous group and immigration status, Canada and provinces.

The following datasets are based on the adult (age 21 and over) beneficiary population and consist of aggregate MHS data derived from Medi-Cal claims, encounter, and eligibility systems. These datasets were developed in accordance with California Welfare and Institutions Code (WIC) § 14707.5 (added as part of Assembly Bill 470 on 10/7/17). Please contact BHData@dhcs.ca.gov for any questions or to request previous years’ versions of these datasets. Note: The Performance Dashboard AB 470 Report Application Excel tool development has been discontinued. Please see the Behavioral Health reporting data hub at https://behavioralhealth-data.dhcs.ca.gov/ for access to dashboards utilizing these datasets and other behavioral health data.

This survey collected responses from California residents on various issues. These include ratings of elected officials, party and registration status, opinions of possible candidates, proposed ballot initiatives, bond issues, welfare, state budget and tax laws, performance of Congress, and demographic data. These include age, education, political ideology, party affiliation, religious preference, income, ethnicity, race, and sex.