In 2023, ** percent of Black Democrats and ** percent of Black Republicans in the U.S. believed that racism in health care was a major problem in the United States. Democrats in comparison to Republicans, across all racial groups, are more likely to believe that racism is a major problem in health care in the U.S. as of August 2023.

The data consist of transcripts of interviews with 19 individuals from Brazil and 5 individuals from Colombia, who are all involved in Black and Indigenous activist organisations or in state agencies that are charged with promoting anti-racism and/or human rights. Each transcript begins with a paragraph giving contextual informationLatin America has often been held up as a region where racism is less of a problem than in regions such as the United States or Europe. Because most people are 'mestizos' (mixed race) and mixture is often seen as the essence of national identity, clear racial boundaries are blurred, resulting in comparatively low levels of racial segregation and a traditionally low public profile for issues of race. In Europe and the United States, the racial mixture and interaction across racial boundaries, which are typical of Latin America and are becoming more visible elsewhere, are heralded by some observers as leading towards a 'post-racial' reality, where anti-racism and multiculturalism - seen in this view as divisive policies that accentuate social differences - become unnecessary. Critics point out that mixture is not an antidote to racial inequality and racism in Latin America: they all coexist. This severely qualifies claims that mixture can lead to a 'post-racial' era. This project will investigate anti-racist practices and ideologies in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia and Mexico. The project will contribute to conceptualising and addressing problems of racism, racial inequality and anti-racism in the region. We also propose that Latin America presents new opportunities for thinking about racism and anti-racism in a 'post-racial' world. Understanding how racism and anti-racism are conceived and practised in Latin America - in contexts in which mixture is pervasive - can help us to understand how to think about racism and anti-racism in other regions of the world, where notions of race have been changing in some respects towards Latin American patterns. It is also crucial to show the variety of ways in which mixture operates and co-exists with racism in Latin America - a region that is far from homogeneous. Research teams in each country, working with a range of organisations concerned with racism and discrimination, will explore how the organisations conceptualise and address key problems, which are becoming more salient in other regions, which confront similar scenarios. First, how to practice anti-racism when most people are mixed and when they may deny the importance of race and racism and themselves be both victims and the perpetrators of racism. Second, how to conceptualise and practice anti-racism when 'culture' seems to be the dominant discourse for talking about difference, but when physical difference (skin colour, hair type, etc.) remain powerful but often unacknowledged signs that move people to discriminate. Third, how to understand racism and combat it when race and class coincide to a great extent and make it easy to deny that race and racism are important factors. Fourth, how to make sure anti-racism addresses gender difference effectively, in a context in which mixture between white men and non-white women has been seen as the founding act of the nation. Fifth, how to pursue anti-racism when it is often claimed that there is little overt racist violence and that this is evidence of racial tolerance. We will explore how these elements structure - and may constrain - ideas about (anti-)racism within institutions, organisations and everyday practice. Our project will work with organisations in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia and Mexico - countries that capture a good range of the region's diversity - to explore how racism and anti-racism are conceptualised and addressed in state and non-state circles, in legislation and the media, and in a variety of campaigns and projects. We aim to strengthen anti-racist practice in Latin America by feeding back our findings and by helping build networks; and to provide useful insights for understanding racism and anti-racism within and outside the region. The project carried out research in four countries, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Mexico. We started by scoping out a broad range of organizations and individuals who were working in a direct or indirect fashion to challenge racism and racial inequality. We then selected seventeen case studies (over a third of which were Indigenous), with which we worked in depth, while also touching on about twenty other cases in a less intensive way. The cases were selected in order to include both Black and Indigenous organisations and cases, and to include a range of cases from government bodies to grassroots activist movements, plus some legal processes in which a variety of actors and organizations were involved. Our methods were mainly ethnography and interviews, undertaken principally by the four postdoctoral researchers, each of whom worked in one country. Some interviews were done with the assistance of a research assistant hired in the country. The interviews were conducted mostly in 2017, with some in 2018, in localities appropriate to the case study, such as an organization’s offices, an individual’s residence, or an agreed neutral location (e.g. a café, a village square, a classroom). Some interviews were informal conservations, but most were at least semi-structured. Common interview guides were not used, as each interview was specific to the case in question. Many interviews were audio-recorded (some were video-recorded) and selected interviews were transcribed in full or in part. Files with the original audio recordings and the transcripts are stored on a secure server in the University of Manchester. The files uploaded here are a selection of the transcribed interviews.

A majority of both male and female respondents in 2024 thought that racism was either somewhat prevalent, or a great deal prevalent, in the society of the United Kingdom. Female respondents were more likely to believe racism was present in UK society than men, while 19 percent of men felt that racism was not very prevalent.

A special analysis of the Eurobarometer 2000 opinion poll on behalf of the European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia. By SORA, Vienna, Austria, www.sora.at General recommendations and conclusions: These recommendations are based on findings hinted at in the data-analysis which do not permit the development of a complete set of policy recommendations. Policy recommendations should be based on a knowledge of causal relationships and the strength of effects which is beyond the scope of this project. Thus, the recommendations are linked and clearly connected to the evidence within the data. Political leadership: A quarter of all Europeans can be categorised as ‘ambivalent’ – meaning that they harbour positive and negative attitudes towards minorities at the same time. Data show that party affiliation is a part of the causal system producing attitudes towards minorities. Ambivalent people should be considered those who react most political leadership – awareness of this fact can help politicians to make their decisions. Unemployment: Experience with unemployment and the expectation of higher unemployment rates lead to an increase in hostile attitudes towards minorities. Sinking unemployment rates and information about a decrease in unemployment might reduce concerns about migration and minorities. Welfare: Since a large part of xenophobic concerns is about loss of welfare standards, policies which lend large majorities the feeling that they can participate in the increase of wealth within a growing economy will contribute significantly to reducing xenophobic concerns. Demographic developments and their impact have to be considered and researched. Particular attention should be paid to the number of retired people and the increasing number of old people with lower income and with low expectations within that group. An increase in hostility towards minorities might well get stronger in this group. Education: Higher education clearly correlates with positive attitudes towards minorities. More research should be carried out to determine the nature of this effect and establish whether the increase of higher education – which is a stable trend – will result in a more tolerant attitude within Europe in the coming decades. Personal relations: Supporting personal relationships between people of different religions, nations or with different skin colour increases tolerance. In the countries of Southern European, attitudes towards minorities seem to be influenced by other factors than in the rest of Europe. There is not enough evidence about causal relationships within this analysis to confirm that the conclusions mentioned above are meaningful for the southern part of Europe.

The results by volumes are distributed as follows:

• Volume A: Countries
• Volume AA: Groups of countries
• Volume A' (AP): Trends
• Volume AA' (AAP): Trends of groups of countries
• Volume B: EU/socio-demographics
• Volume B' (BP) : Trends of EU/ socio-demographics
• Volume C: Country/socio-demographics ---- Researchers may also contact GESIS - Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences: https://www.gesis.org/eurobarometer

Against the background of the worldwide protests against police violence and racism after the violent killing of the African-American George Floyd in the USA, this survey examines how racism is perceived in Germany and what experiences people with a migration background have had with racism in Germany. For this purpose, both people with and without a migration background are interviewed. The study asks about the prevalence of racist prejudices in the everyday life of the interviewees, about experiences with racism in different areas of life, about the feeling of security, recognition and well-being in German society and about trust in politics, political institutions and the police. In addition, respondents are asked how they assess the current use of politics in combating racism and in which areas more should be done.

Experimental designs were used to examine the effects of anti-racism messages on prejudice and whether the impact of messages depends on viewers' prior ambivalence toward ethnic minorities. Three types of anti-racism video advertisements were examined: a message presenting factual arguments in favour of ethnic minorities, focusing on people's beliefs about the groups; a message inspiring positive feelings about ethnic minority groups in message viewers; and a message highlighting behaviours that are non-prejudiced. Seven lab experiments and four internet experiments examined the effects of message variants on explicit and implicit measures of attitude toward ethnic minorities. Three experiments found that factually oriented messages can elicit more positive intergroup attitudes, although these effects occurred only for explicit measures of attitude. Another experiment found that prejudice can be reduced by pairing ethnic groups with positive emotion. Self-report prejudice can be reduced using rhetorical questions to make salient viewers' positive past behaviours toward ethnic minorities. Two advertisements modelling anti-racist behaviours actually increased prejudice, although less so among ambivalent individuals. The results yielded valuable clues about how to alter prejudice. Data were collected in experiments conducted in laboratories ( 7 experiments) and over the internet (4 experiments), with individual adult participants.

Yearly citation counts for the publication titled "Implicit racial bias and the anatomy of institutional racism".

Concordance rates between coders one and two were 0.92 (modern racism) and 0.92 (old-fashioned racism).

Americans were most likely to consider that more needs to be done to tackle racism in adverts, a survey from June 2020 found. When asked to what extent racism is addressed in promotional material, 32 percent of respondents felt that ads did not tackle the topic enough.

Are international migration flows racially biased? Despite widespread consensus that racism and xenophobia affect migration processes, no measure exists to provide systematic evidence on this score. In this research note, I construct such a measure—the migration deviation. Migration deviations are the difference between the observed migration between states, and the flow that we would predict based on a racially blind model that includes a wide variety of political and economic factors. Using this measure, I conduct a descriptive analysis and provide evidence that migrants from majority black states migrate far less than we would expect under a racially blind model. These results pave a new way for scholars to study international racial inequality.

This dataset is about book series. It has 1 row and is filtered where the books is Racism : from slavery to advanced capitalism. It features 10 columns including number of authors, number of books, earliest publication date, and latest publication date.

ABSTRACT Brazil carries in its history centuries of slavery and racist ideologies that are reflected in its current social inequalities. Research shows that black women experience the worst access and quality of health care, which would be a consequence of institutional racism. Based on those data, a literature review was applied using the systematic review methodology with the aim to survey the Brazilian scientific production regarding institutional racism and the health of black women, as well as to analyze how the theme has been treated by researchers. It became clear that the literature on the subject remains scarce, reinforcing the need to address the theme racism in further research. Although racial inequality is confirmed in all articles analyzed, their conclusions vary among them, and some authors interpreted data solely as a consequence of economic inequality. We concluded that the debate about racism is of pivotal importance in the fight against it and that the identification of racial inequality with economic condition is a consequence of the racial democracy myth that contributes to the institutional racism perpetuation. Raising awareness about racism is needed among professionals so that it becomes essential to consider the category ‘race’ for equal health.

This dataset is about books. It has 1 row and is filtered where the book is "Color-blind" racism. It features 7 columns including author, publication date, language, and book publisher.

In the year ending in March 2024, 31.3% of victims of racially or religiously aggravated hate crime were Asian, 30.6% were White, and 23.1% were Black.

Financial overview and grant giving statistics of Anti-Racism Project Inc.

Note: MRR = Mortality Rate Ratio; CI = confidence interval.Among ≥ 25 years of age. Race-specific age and sex-adjusted mortality rates weighted using the US 2000 standard population per 100,000 person-years from death certificates and mid-year population counts collated by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), 2004–2009. All models adjusted for individual age, sex, year of death, and Census region; area characteristics at the designated market area (DMA) level (urbanicity, % Black, % high school education among Blacks, Black poverty rate) from the American Community Survey, 2004–2009; and corresponding DMA-level White cause-specific mortality rates per 100,000 person-years from NCHS.Negative binomial regression models estimating associations between area racism and Black cause-specific mortality rates.

Approximately 30 variables will be extracted from the publications that are included in the review. This will include information on the:

1. Study characteristics
   1. Publication (title, year of publication, author(s) and their affiliation, journal, type of document)
2. Variables of interest
   1. Concepts that are used for health research on racialised minority groups and how they are operationalised
   2. Research methodology and methods used
   3. The data used, and how this is collected, and applied

A full overview of the variables to be extracted can be found in this Data Extraction sheet.

This is the website of the project "Cultures of Anti-Racism in Latin America" (CARLA). This was a three-year project (January 2020 to May 2023) awarded a £1million grant from the Arts and Humanities Research Council (UK) to explore how artists in Argentina, Brazil and Colombia address racial diversity in their work and how they use their art to challenge racism. The project was based in the University of Manchester but research teams focused on each country brought together senior and junior, UK-based and Latin American researchers in the social sciences and arts to work with a range of artists and performers to explore diverse practices, including for example Indigenous literatures, visual arts and cinema in Brazil, hip-hop music in Brazil and Colombia, Afro-Colombian art and an Indigenous-Black organisation that uses performance as a pedagogical tool, and street dance and commercial music forms alongside literature and political art in Argentina. Project researchers worked closely with artists and performers and collaborated with them in project workshops, which also had a public-facing component.The website gives details of the project team members, in several categories:Project Director and Co-Investigators based at the University of ManchesterPostdoctoral Researchers employed at the University of Manchester for the duration of the projectCo-Investigators based in Latin American universities and named in the research bidCountry Advisors based in Latin America and also named in the research bidResearch Assistants based in Latin America and contracted on a temporary basisAn International Advisor, based in the UKThe website also gives details of all the artists with whom we collaborated:In Argentina: Teatro en SepiaGrupo De Teatro Mapuche El KatangoIdentidad MarrónEskina QomIn Brazil:Denilson BaniwaDaiara TukanoNaine TerenaJaider EsbellKunumi MCIn Colombia:Corporación de Danza Afro Colombiana Contemporánea SankofaMargarita Ariza AguilarAshanti DinahPedro Blas Julio RomeroLa Corporación Afrocolombiana de Desarrollo Social y Cultural – CARABANTÚWilson BorjaLas Emperadoras de la ChampetaThe website also hosts a blog and has links to the project's YouTube channel and its online exhibition.

ObjectivesRacism is an important health determinant that contributes to ethnic health inequities. This study sought to describe New Zealand adults’ reported recent experiences of racism over a 10 year period. It also sought to examine the association between recent experience of racism and a range of negative health and wellbeing measures.MethodsThe study utilised previously collected data from multiple cross-sectional national surveys (New Zealand Health Surveys 2002/03, 2006/07, 2011/12; and General Social Surveys 2008, 2010, 2012) to provide prevalence estimates of reported experience of racism (in the last 12 months) by major ethnic groupings in New Zealand. Meta-analytical techniques were used to provide improved estimates of the association between recent experience of racism and negative health from multivariable models, for the total cohorts and stratified by ethnicity.ResultsReported recent experience of racism was highest among Asian participants followed by Māori and Pacific peoples, with Europeans reporting the lowest experience of racism. Among Asian participants, reported experience of racism was higher for those born overseas compared to those born in New Zealand. Recent experience of racism appeared to be declining for most groups over the time period examined. Experience of racism in the last 12 months was consistently associated with negative measures of health and wellbeing (SF-12 physical and mental health component scores, self-rated health, overall life satisfaction). While exposure to racism was more common in the non-European ethnic groups, the impact of recent exposure to racism on health was similar across ethnic groups, with the exception of SF-12 physical health.ConclusionsThe higher experience of racism among non-European groups remains an issue in New Zealand and its potential effects on health may contribute to ethnic health inequities. Ongoing focus and monitoring of racism as a determinant of health is required to inform and improve interventions.

The rise of online communication platforms has significantly increased exposure to harmful discourse, presenting ongoing challenges for digital moderation and user well-being. This paper introduces the EsCorpiusBias corpus, designed to enhance automated detection of sexism and racism within Spanish-language online dialogues, specifically sourced from the Mediavida forum. By means of a systematic, context-sensitive annotation protocol, approximately 1,000 three-turn dialogue units per bias category has been annotated, ensuring nuanced recognition of pragmatic and conversational subtleties. The annotation guidelines have been meticulously developed, covering explicit and implicit manifestations of sexism and racism, and annotations were performed using the Prodigy tool, resulting in moderate to substantial inter-annotator agreement (Cohen's Kappa: 0.55 for sexism, 0.79 for racism). Models including Logistic Regression, SpaCy's baseline n-gram bag-of-words model, and transformer-based BETO were trained and evaluated, demonstrating that contextualized transformer-based approaches significantly outperform baseline and general-purpose models. Additionally, lexical overlap analyses indicated a strong reliance on explicit lexical indicators, highlighting limitations in handling implicit biases. This research underscores the importance of contextually grounded, domain-specific fine-tuning for effective automated detection of toxicity, providing robust resources and methodologies to foster socially responsible NLP systems within Spanish-speaking online communities.