The Pacific Rainfall Database (PACRAIN) dataset contains daily and monthly precipitation from stations in the tropical Pacific Ocean. The most up to date versions of this data can be downloaded directly from the PACRAIN web site [http://pacrain.ou.edu/] PACRAIN was significantly improved in 2008. Please see the home web site
Hourly Precipitation Data (HPD) is digital data set DSI-3240, archived at the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). The primary source of data for this file is approximately 5,500 US National Weather Service (NWS), Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), and cooperative observer stations in the United States of America, Puerto Rico, the US Virgin Islands, and various Pacific Islands. The earliest data dates vary considerably by state and region: Maine, Pennsylvania, and Texas have data since 1900. The western Pacific region that includes Guam, American Samoa, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, and Palau have data since 1978. Other states and regions have earliest dates between those extremes. The latest data in all states and regions is from the present day. The major parameter in DSI-3240 is precipitation amounts, which are measurements of hourly or daily precipitation accumulation. Accumulation was for longer periods of time if for any reason the rain gauge was out of service or no observer was present. DSI 3240_01 contains data grouped by state; DSI 3240_02 contains data grouped by year.
Typical annual rainfall data were summarized from monthly precipitation data and provided in millimeters (mm). The monthly climate data for global land areas were generated from a large network of weather stations by the WorldClim project. Precipitation and temperature data were collected from the weather stations and aggregated across a target temporal range of 1970-2000.
Weather station data (between 9,000 and 60,000 stations) were interpolated using thin-plate splines with covariates including elevation, distance to the coast, and MODIS-derived minimum and maximum land surface temperature. Spatial interpolation was first done in 23 regions of varying size depending on station density, instead of the common approach to use a single model for the entire world. The satellite imagery data were most useful in areas with low station density. The interpolation technique allowed WorldClim to produce high spatial resolution (approximately 1 km2) raster data sets.
U.S. 15 Minute Precipitation Data is digital data set DSI-3260, archived at the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). This is precipitation data. The primary source of data for this file is approximately 2,000 mostly U.S. weather stations operated or managed by the U.S. National Weather Service. Stations are primary, secondary, or cooperative observer sites that have the capability to measure precipitation at 15 minute intervals. This dataset contains 15-minute precipitation data (reported 4 times per hour, if precip occurs) for U.S. stations along with selected non-U.S. stations in U.S. territories and associated nations. It includes major city locations and many small town locations. Daily total precipitation is also included as part of the data record. NCDC has in archive data from most states as far back as 1970 or 1971, and continuing to the present day. The major parameter is precipitation amounts at 15 minute intervals, when precipitation actually occurs.
India weekly precipitation, 1979 through 1985, for 34 mainland divisions and an island, have been digitized at Florida State University, from India's "Weekly Weather Report". This is based on the stations that report operationally (probably 500-1000 stations). More stations are available in delayed time. The division precipitation for a week is the average of stations that did report during that week. The weeks are continuous. The division normals for the period 1901-1970 are included in the data.
https://data.gov.tw/licensehttps://data.gov.tw/license
Using observation data from various agencies in Taiwan, including the Central Weather Bureau, Water Resources Agency, Irrigation Agency and Taiwan Power Company, supplementary, homogenization, and gridization operations were carried out to establish grid data with a resolution of 5 kilometers throughout Taiwan. This data was produced by the "Taiwan Climate Change Projection Information and Adaptation Knowledge Platform Project" of the National Science Council.
The Boston Water and Sewer Commission (BWSC) maintains collection sites throughout the city. Those collection sites are equipped with solar powered rain gauges on top of public buildings which log measurements of precipitation and which report data every five minutes. Here you find the link to the Boston Water and Sewer Commission’s interface to the rainfall data, which is updated continually. You can search for rainfall data going as far back as 1999, depending on the year of installation for the various gauges.
https://pacific-data.sprep.org/dataset/data-portal-license-agreements/resource/de2a56f5-a565-481a-8589-406dc40b5588https://pacific-data.sprep.org/dataset/data-portal-license-agreements/resource/de2a56f5-a565-481a-8589-406dc40b5588
Historical rainfall data from the Climate Change Knowledge Portal , World Bank Group (Website: http://sdwebx.worldbank.org/climateportal/index.cfm?page=downscaled_data_download&menu=historical)
CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedicationhttps://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
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An extensive precipitation database at the 149 km2 Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed (WGEW) has been developed over the past 53 years with the first records starting in August 1953 and continuing to the present. The WGEW is a tributary of the San Pedro River, surrounds the town of Tombstone in southeastern Arizona, and has a drainage area of approximately 149 km2. Elevation of the watershed ranges from 1220 m to 1950 m above mean sea level (MSL). Average annual precipitation for the period of 1956-2005, as measured with six gauges, is roughly 312 mm, with approximately 60% falling during the summer monsoon. Precipitation consists almost solely of rainfall with relatively rare instances of hail and snowfall. From a historical high of 95 rain gauges, a current network of 88 gauges is operational. This constitutes one of the densest rain gauge networks in the world (0.6 gauges/km2) for watersheds greater than 10 km2. Through 1999, the network consisted of analog recording weighing rain gauges. In 2000, a newly designed digital gauge with telemetry was placed adjacent (1 m) to the analog gauges. Both the analog and digital networks of gauges were in operation from 2000 to 2005 to enable a comparative analysis of the two systems. The analog data were digitized from paper charts and were stored in breakpoint format. The digital data consist of rainfall depths at 1-min intervals during periods of rainfall. Resources in this dataset:Resource Title: GeoData catalog record. File Name: Web Page, url: https://geodata.nal.usda.gov/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/WalnutPrecipitation_jjm_2015-03-20_1018
This dataset replaces the previous Time Bias Corrected Divisional Temperature-Precipitation Drought Index. The new divisional data set (NClimDiv) is based on the Global Historical Climatological Network-Daily (GHCN-D) and makes use of several improvements to the previous data set. For the input data, improvements include additional station networks, quality assurance reviews and temperature bias adjustments. Perhaps the most extensive improvement is to the computational approach, which now employs climatologically aided interpolation. This 5km grid based calculation nCLIMGRID helps to address topographic and network variability. This data set is primarily used by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) to issue State of the Climate Reports on a monthly basis. These reports summarize recent temperature and precipitation conditions and long-term trends at a variety of spatial scales, the smallest being the climate division level. Data at the climate division level are aggregated to compute statewide, regional and national snapshots of climate conditions. For CONUS, the period of record is from 1895-present. Derived quantities such as Standardized precipitation Index (SPI), Palmer Drought Indices (PDSI, PHDI, PMDI, and ZNDX) and degree days are also available for the CONUS sites. In March 2015, data for thirteen Alaskan climate divisions were added to the NClimDiv data set. Data for the new Alaskan climate divisions begin in 1925 through the present and are included in all monthly updates. Alaskan climate data include the following elements for divisional and statewide coverage: average temperature, maximum temperature (highs), minimum temperature (lows), and precipitation. The Alaska NClimDiv data were created and updated using similar methodology as that for the CONUS, but with a different approach to establishing the underlying climatology. The Alaska data are built upon the 1971-2000 PRISM averages whereas the CONUS values utilize a base climatology derived from the NClimGrid data set. As of November 2018, NClimDiv includes county data and additional inventory files.
Data on daily total rainfall (Please visit the reference link for other climate information). The multiple file formats are available for datasets download in API.
This data set contains daily precipitation data from across Mexico. The data are from 1348 sites within Mexico covering the time period January 1989 to April 1999. In Version 2 of this dataset, the observation hours have all been set to missing or "99". According to the US data provider, Dr. Wayne Higgins, the observation time for the daily Mexican precip data was 8 AM local time for all data. With the complicating factors of a few Mexican states having daylight savings time for some of this period and there are two time zones in Mexico.
NOAA NEXRAD Quantitative Precipitation Estimation (QPE) Climate Data Record (CDR) is created from the Radar Multi-Radar/Multi-Sensor (MRMS) Reanalysis to produce severe weather and precipitation products for improved decision-making capability to improve severe weather forecasts and warnings, hydrology, aviation, and numerical weather prediction. The data cover a time period from 2002-01-01 to 2011-12-31. NOAA's NEXRAD reanalysis consists of two primary components; (1) Severe weather and radar-reflectivity data generation, (2) Quantitative Precipitation Estimate (including associated precipitation variables and merged rain gauge and radar estimation). This document focuses on the second component of NOAA's NEXRAD reanalysis - the Quantitative Precipitation Estimate (QPE). The primary files generated within this data set are radar-only and radar- gauge (ROQPE, GCQPE, and MOS2D) merged precipitation products as well as ancillary information on precipitation type (PRATE and PFLAG) and radar quality (RQIND). The initial data set covers the time period from January 2002 - December 2011. Radar-only reflectivity, Gauge, Precipitation Flag, and Radar Quality Index for 5-minute data at 1km regular grid over CONUS. Radar only Radar-Gauge Quantitative Precipitation Estimates at hourly scale at 1km regular grid over CONUS. MRMS Quantitative Precipitation Estimation (QPE) uses the most advanced radar technologies and provides high-resolution information about precipitation types and amounts for the nation. The data are stored in netCDF version 4.0 files that include the necessary metadata and supplementary data fields. Data set provides information that can be useful for identification of various types of precipitation, estimation of radar reflectivity, recognition of storm patterns, forecasting technologies for rainfall estimation, and associating different phases of precipitation such as hail freezing rain and snow with radar observations.
https://object-store.os-api.cci2.ecmwf.int:443/cci2-prod-catalogue/licences/eumetsat-cm-saf-a3/eumetsat-cm-saf-a3_7b12bbcf51145abbb79a82e4d2abe6aac6e84db8918a0214e8a80e783ff1ec9f.pdfhttps://object-store.os-api.cci2.ecmwf.int:443/cci2-prod-catalogue/licences/eumetsat-cm-saf-a3/eumetsat-cm-saf-a3_7b12bbcf51145abbb79a82e4d2abe6aac6e84db8918a0214e8a80e783ff1ec9f.pdf
This dataset provides global estimates of precipitation based on satellite observations. Precipitation is the main component of water transport from the atmosphere to the Earth’s surface within the hydrological cycle. It varies strongly, depending on geographical location, season, synopsis, and other meteorological factors. The supply with freshwater through precipitation is vital for many subsystems of the climate and the environment, but there are also hazards related to extensive precipitation or the lack of precipitation. The present dataset allows the investigation and quantification of these aspects of precipitation, possibly in conjunction with other datasets covering components of the hydrological cycle. The data represent the current state-of-the-art for satellite-based precipitation climate data record production in Europe, which is in line with the “Systematic observation requirements for satellite-based products for climate” as defined by GCOS (Global Climate Observing System). Spaceborne passive microwave (MW) imagers and sounders, available on different Low Earth Orbit (LEO) platforms, provide the most effective measurements for the remote sensing of precipitation because of the sensitivity of the MW upwelling radiation to the cloud microphysical properties, especially the emission and scattering of precipitation-size hydrometeors (solid and liquid). However, they are available at low spatial and temporal resolution, due to the limited number of overpasses per day (depending on latitude and number of platforms) at each location. A further ECV Precipitation product only based on MW observations, COBRA, is also available in the CDS. On the other hand, infrared (IR) sensors onboard geostationary (GEO) platforms, provide only information on the upper-level cloud structure, but at much higher temporal and spatial resolution, for example improving the representative sampling of intermittent precipitation. Since precipitation is not directly observed in the infrared, these measurements are often merged with microwave-based precipitation estimates. This precipitation data record and its processing chain are called Global Interpolated RAinFall Estimate (GIRAFE). GIRAFE provides a global 1° gridded daily accumulated precipitation amount together with uncertainty estimates coming from the sampling, and a global 1° gridded monthly mean of daily accumulation. In the above sense, GIRAFE optimizes the sampling of precipitation by merging observations by LEO MW imagers and sounders (Level-2 data) with GEO-Ring IR brightness temperatures (Level-1 data). The daily accumulated precipitation is also aggregated to monthly mean precipitation. This dataset has been produced by the EUMETSAT Satellite Application Facility on Climate Monitoring.
Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 (CC BY-NC 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
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Historic weather database creation project using English national chronicle records (Holinshed, Stow), as well as local chronicles, letters, diaries, and pamphlets documenting extreme weather and meteorological events (such as earthquakes and comets) between 1500-1700. These years were part of what is known as the Little Ice Age, a period of global cooling. Written accounts—both formal and informal—are crucial to documenting weather and climatic patterns prior to the development of weather recording technologies. We are also in the process of adding ordinary or "middling" weather records, to provide further context for reading weather patterns and anomalies.
This map displays projected visible surface smoke across the contiguous United States for the next 48 hours in 1 hour increments. It is updated every 24 hours by NWS. Concentrations are reported in micrograms per cubic meter.Where is the data coming from?The National Digital Guidance Database (NDGD) is a sister to the National Digital Forecast Database (NDFD). Information in NDGD may be used by NWS forecasters as guidance in preparing official NWS forecasts in NDFD. The experimental/guidance NDGD data is not an official NWS forecast product.Source: https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/SL.us008001/ST.opnl/DF.gr2/DC.ndgd/GT.aq/AR.conus/ds.smokes01.binSource data archive can be found here: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/weather-climate-models/national-digital-guidance-database look for 'LXQ...' files by date. These are the Binary GRIB2 files that can be decoded via DeGRIB tool.Where can I find other NDGD data?The Source data is downloaded and parsed using the Aggregated Live Feeds methodology to return information that can be served through ArcGIS Server as a map service or used to update Hosted Feature Services in Online or Enterprise.What can you do with this layer?This map service is suitable for data discovery and visualization. Identify features by clicking on the map to reveal the pre-configured pop-ups. View the time-enabled data using the time slider by Enabling Time Animation.RevisionsJuly 11, 2022: Feed updated to leverage forecast model change by NOAA, whereby the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) forecast model system was replaced with the Rapid Refresh (RAP) forecast model system. Key differences: higher accuracy with RAP now concentrated at 0-8 meter detail vs HYSPLIT at 0-100 meter; earlier data delivery by 6 hrs; forecast output extended to 51 hrs.This map is provided for informational purposes and is not monitored 24/7 for accuracy and currency.If you would like to be alerted to potential issues or simply see when this Service will update next, please visit our Live Feed Status Page!
CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedicationhttps://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
License information was derived automatically
Historical changes of annual temperature and precipitation indices at selected 210 U.S. cities
This dataset provide:
Annual average temperature, total precipitation, and temperature and precipitation extremes calculations for 210 U.S. cities.
Historical rates of changes in annual temperature, precipitation, and the selected temperature and precipitation extreme indices in the 210 U.S. cities.
Estimated thresholds (reference levels) for the calculations of annual extreme indices including warm and cold days, warm and cold nights, and precipitation amount from very wet days in the 210 cities.
Annual average of daily mean temperature, Tmax, and Tmin are included for annual average temperature calculations. Calculations were based on the compiled daily temperature and precipitation records at individual cities.
Temperature and precipitation extreme indices include: warmest daily Tmax and Tmin, coldest daily Tmax and Tmin , warm days and nights, cold days and nights, maximum 1-day precipitation, maximum consecutive 5-day precipitation, precipitation amounts from very wet days.
Number of missing daily Tmax, Tmin, and precipitation values are included for each city.
Rates of change were calculated using linear regression, with some climate indices applied with the Box-Cox transformation prior to the linear regression.
The historical observations from ACIS belong to Global Historical Climatological Network - daily (GHCN-D) datasets. The included stations were based on NRCC’s “ThreadEx” project, which combined daily temperature and precipitation extremes at 255 NOAA Local Climatological Locations, representing all large and medium size cities in U.S. (See Owen et al. (2006) Accessing NOAA Daily Temperature and Precipitation Extremes Based on Combined/Threaded Station Records).
Resources:
See included README file for more information.
Additional technical details and analyses can be found in: Lai, Y., & Dzombak, D. A. (2019). Use of historical data to assess regional climate change. Journal of climate, 32(14), 4299-4320. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0630.1
Other datasets from the same project can be accessed at: https://kilthub.cmu.edu/projects/Use_of_historical_data_to_assess_regional_climate_change/61538
ACIS database for historical observations: http://scacis.rcc-acis.org/
GHCN-D datasets can also be accessed at: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/global-historical-climatology-network-daily/
Station information for each city can be accessed at: http://threadex.rcc-acis.org/
2024 August updated -
Annual calculations for 2022 and 2023 were added.
Linear regression results and thresholds for extremes were updated because of the addition of 2022 and 2023 data.
Note that future updates may be infrequent.
2022 January updated -
Annual calculations for 2021 were added.
Linear regression results and thresholds for extremes were updated because of the addition of 2021 data.
2021 January updated -
Annual calculations for 2020 were added.
Linear regression results and thresholds for extremes were updated because of the addition of 2020 data.
2020 January updated -
Annual calculations for 2019 were added.
Linear regression results and thresholds for extremes were updated because of the addition of 2019 data.
Thresholds for all 210 cities were combined into one single file – Thresholds.csv.
2019 June updated -
Baltimore was updated with the 2018 data (previously version shows NA for 2018) and new ID to reflect the GCHN ID of Baltimore-Washington International AP. city_info file was updated accordingly.
README file was updated to reflect the use of "wet days" index in this study. The 95% thresholds for calculation of wet days utilized all daily precipitation data from the reference period and can be different from the same index from some other studies, where only days with at least 1 mm of precipitation were utilized to calculate the thresholds. Thus the thresholds in this study can be lower than the ones that would've be calculated from the 95% percentiles from wet days (i.e., with at least 1 mm of precipitation).
The Cooperative Observer Program (COOP) Hourly Precipitation Data (HPD) consists of quality controlled precipitation amounts, which are measurements of hourly accumulation of precipitation, including rain and snow for approximately 2,000 observing stations around the country, and several U.S. territories in the Caribbean and Pacific from the National Weather Service (NWS) Fischer-Porter Network. This new version of COOP HPD with faster automations due updated stations will result in faster access for the public. The data are from 1940 to present, depending upon when each station was installed. These stations, nearly all of which were part of HPD version 1, also known as DSI-3240, were gradually upgraded from paper punch tape data recording systems to a more modern electronic data logger system from 2004-2013. The 15-min gauge depth time series are processed at NCEI via automated quality control and filtering algorithms to identify and remove spurious observations from noise and malfunctioning equipment, and also those due to natural phenomena such as evaporation and the necessary occasional emptying of the gauge. Hourly precipitation totals are then computed from the 15-min data and are quality controlled by a suite of automated algorithms that combine checks on the daily and hourly time scale. Data and metadata are ingested on a daily basis and combined in a single integrated dataset. As with the legacy punch paper instrumentation, the electronic loggers record rain gauge depth every 15 minutes. Monthly site visits to each station are still performed, but instead of collecting punched paper (that would subsequently need conversion to a digital record via a MITRON reader), data are downloaded from the station's datalogger to a memory stick and centrally collected at the local Weather Forecast Office (WFO) for all stations in the WFO area. The WFO subsequently combines all data into a single tar file and transfers the data to NCEI via ftp upload nominally each month. This updated HPD includes the historical data from the punch paper era and the recent digital era in order to provide the full period of record for each location. These data are formatted consistent with practices for NCEI Global In-situ datasets.
Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
License information was derived automatically
Brazil: Precipitation, mm per year: The latest value from 2021 is 1761 mm per year, unchanged from 1761 mm per year in 2020. In comparison, the world average is 1168 mm per year, based on data from 178 countries. Historically, the average for Brazil from 1961 to 2021 is 1774 mm per year. The minimum value, 1761 mm per year, was reached in 1962 while the maximum of 1782 mm per year was recorded in 1961.
This map displays the Quantitative Precipitation Forecast (QPF) for the next 72 hours across the contiguous United States. Data are updated hourly from the National Digital Forecast Database produced by the National Weather Service.The dataset includes incremental and cumulative precipitation data in 6-hour intervals. In the ArcGIS Online map viewer you can enable the time animation feature and select either the "Amount by Time" (incremental) layer or the "Accumulation by Time" (cumulative) layer to view a 72-hour animation of forecast precipitation. All times are reported according to your local time zone.Where is the data coming from?The National Digital Forecast Database (NDFD) was designed to provide access to weather forecasts in digital form from a central location. The NDFD produces forecast data of sensible weather elements. NDFD contains a seamless mosaic of digital forecasts from National Weather Service (NWS) field offices working in collaboration with the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). All of these organizations are under the administration of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).Source: https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/SL.us008001/ST.opnl/DF.gr2/DC.ndfd/AR.conus/VP.001-003/ds.qpf.binWhere can I find other NDFD data?The Source data is downloaded and parsed using the Aggregated Live Feeds methodology to return information that can be served through ArcGIS Server as a map service or used to update Hosted Feature Services in Online or Enterprise.What can you do with this layer?This map service is suitable for data discovery and visualization. Identify features by clicking on the map to reveal the pre-configured pop-ups. View the time-enabled data using the time slider by Enabling Time Animation.This map is provided for informational purposes and is not monitored 24/7 for accuracy and currency.If you would like to be alerted to potential issues or simply see when this Service will update next, please visit our Live Feed Status Page!
The Pacific Rainfall Database (PACRAIN) dataset contains daily and monthly precipitation from stations in the tropical Pacific Ocean. The most up to date versions of this data can be downloaded directly from the PACRAIN web site [http://pacrain.ou.edu/] PACRAIN was significantly improved in 2008. Please see the home web site