2.91 (per thousand population) in 2019. Natural Growth Rate of Population refers to the ratio of natural increase in population (number of births minus number of deaths) in a certain period of time (usually a year) to the average population (or mid-period population) of the same period, expressed in ‰. The following formula is applied: (Number of births - NUmber of deaths)/(Annual average population)*1000‰. Natural Growth Rate of Population = Birth Rate-Death Rate.

4.99 (per thousand population) in 2019. Natural Growth Rate of Population refers to the ratio of natural increase in population (number of births minus number of deaths) in a certain period of time (usually a year) to the average population (or mid-period population) of the same period, expressed in ‰. The following formula is applied: (Number of births - NUmber of deaths)/(Annual average population)*1000‰. Natural Growth Rate of Population = Birth Rate-Death Rate.

Datasets archived here consist of all data analyzed in Duan et al. 2015 from Journal of Applied Ecology. Specifically, these data were collected from annual sampling of emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) immature stages and associated parasitoids on infested ash trees (Fraxinus) in Southern Michigan, where three introduced biological control agents had been released between 2007 - 2010. Detailed data collection procedures can be found in Duan et al. 2012, 2013, and 2015. Resources in this dataset:Resource Title: Duan J Data on EAB larval density-bird predation and unknown factor from Journal of Applied Ecology. File Name: Duan J Data on EAB larval density-bird predation and unknown factor from Journal of Applied Ecology.xlsxResource Description: This data set is used to calculate mean EAB density (per m2 of ash phloem area), bird predation rate and mortality rate caused by unknown factors and analyzed with JMP (10.2) scripts for mixed effect linear models in Duan et al. 2015 (Journal of Applied Ecology).Resource Title: DUAN J Data on Parasitism L1-L2 Excluded from Journal of Applied Ecology. File Name: DUAN J Data on Parasitism L1-L2 Excluded from Journal of Applied Ecology.xlsxResource Description: This data set is used to construct life tables and calculation of net population growth rate of emerald ash borer for each site. The net population growth rates were then analyzed with JMP (10.2) scripts for mixed effect linear models in Duan et al. 2015 (Journal of Applied Ecology).Resource Title: DUAN J Data on EAB Life Tables Calculation from Journal of Applied Ecology. File Name: DUAN J Data on EAB Life Tables Calculation from Journal of Applied Ecology.xlsxResource Description: This data set is used to calculate parasitism rate of EAB larvae for each tree and then analyzed with JMP (10.2) scripts for mixed effect linear models on in Duan et al. 2015 (Journal of Applied Ecology).Resource Title: READ ME for Emerald Ash Borer Biocontrol Study from Journal of Applied Ecology. File Name: READ_ME_for_Emerald_Ash_Borer_Biocontrol_Study_from_Journal_of_Applied_Ecology.docxResource Description: Additional information and definitions for the variables/content in the three Emerald Ash Borer Biocontrol Study tables: Data on EAB Life Tables Calculation Data on EAB larval density-bird predation and unknown factor Data on Parasitism L1-L2 Excluded from Journal of Applied Ecology Resource Title: Data Dictionary for Emerald Ash Borer Biocontrol Study from Journal of Applied Ecology. File Name: AshBorerAnd Parasitoids_DataDictionary.csvResource Description: CSV data dictionary for the variables/content in the three Emerald Ash Borer Biocontrol Study tables: Data on EAB Life Tables Calculation Data on EAB larval density-bird predation and unknown factor Data on Parasitism L1-L2 Excluded from Journal of Applied Ecology Fore more information see the related READ ME file.

The global Follow On Formula Milk market size was valued at USD XXX million in 2025 and is projected to expand at a CAGR of XX% during the forecast period, reaching USD XXX million by 2033. Rising birth rates, increasing awareness about the importance of proper nutrition for infants, and growing disposable income in developing countries are key factors driving market growth. The market is segmented based on application into infants and toddlers. The infants segment accounted for the largest share in 2025 and is expected to maintain its dominance throughout the forecast period. By type, the market is divided into organic and conventional. The organic segment is projected to witness the highest growth rate during the forecast period due to growing consumer preference for natural and healthy products. Key players in the market include Hain Celestial, HiPP GmbH, Abbott, Reckitt Benckiser, Nestle, Dana Dairy, Danone, and Arla Foods. The market is expected to see increased competition and innovation as companies focus on product development and marketing strategies to gain market share.

Baby Formula Market Outlook

The global baby formula market size was valued at approximately $55 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach around $105 billion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.5%. This substantial growth can be attributed to the increasing awareness about infant nutrition and the rising number of working mothers worldwide. Furthermore, the market is driven by advancements in formula composition to closely mimic breast milk, which have significantly improved the nutritional benefits of baby formulas.

One of the key growth factors for the baby formula market is the rising birth rate in developing countries. Countries across Asia and Africa are witnessing a steady increase in their birth rates, which directly boosts the demand for baby formula products. Additionally, increased urbanization and changing lifestyles have led to a higher number of working mothers, who often rely on baby formula to ensure their infants receive adequate nutrition during their absence. This trend is particularly pronounced in regions like Asia Pacific and Latin America, where the combination of rising incomes and urbanization is driving market growth.

Another major growth factor is the rising consumer awareness about the importance of early childhood nutrition. Parents are becoming more conscious of the nutritional content of the food they provide to their infants. This has pushed manufacturers to innovate and develop formulas that are rich in essential nutrients, thereby closely replicating the benefits of breast milk. Moreover, advancements in biotechnology have allowed producers to include probiotics, prebiotics, and other beneficial compounds in baby formula, further enhancing its appeal to health-conscious parents.

The surge in online retailing has also played a crucial role in the expansion of the baby formula market. The convenience of online shopping, coupled with the availability of a wide range of products, has made it easier for parents to access high-quality baby formula. Additionally, online platforms often provide detailed information and customer reviews, which help parents make informed decisions. This shift towards e-commerce is particularly significant in developed regions like North America and Europe, where internet penetration is high, and consumers are accustomed to online shopping.

The importance of Baby Food and Formula in the early stages of an infant's life cannot be overstated. As parents become increasingly aware of the nutritional needs of their babies, the demand for high-quality baby food and formula has surged. These products are designed to provide essential nutrients that support growth and development, especially when breastfeeding is not an option. The market for baby food and formula has expanded significantly, driven by innovations that ensure these products are as close to natural nutrition as possible. This growth is also supported by the rising number of working mothers who seek convenient yet nutritious feeding options for their infants. As a result, manufacturers are continually enhancing their offerings to meet the evolving needs of parents and their babies.

Regionally, the Asia Pacific holds a prominent position in the baby formula market, driven by high birth rates and increasing disposable incomes. North America and Europe follow closely, with strong market growth fuelled by higher consumer spending on premium nutritional products. In contrast, regions like Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are emerging as new markets with considerable growth potential, thanks to improving economic conditions and rising awareness about infant nutrition.

Product Type Analysis

The baby formula market is segmented into various product types, including infant milk, follow-on milk, specialty baby milk, and growing-up milk. Infant milk is designed for newborns and is considered a complete substitute for breast milk during the first six months of life. This segment holds a significant market share due to its necessity for newborns whose mothers cannot breastfeed. The demand for infant milk is particularly strong in regions with higher birth rates and where breastfeeding might not be feasible due to lifestyle or health reasons.

Follow-on milk is targeted at babies aged six months and above and is designed to complement weaning foods. This segment is growing steadily as parents look for formulas that provide additional nutrients during the critical

ABSTRACT Throughout this article we try to evaluate the theoretical robustness of the so-called New Theorem of Pasinetti, according to which in an economy in which the differentiation between the propensities to save from the profits and the salaries is due to the nature of the business income, not the affiliation to a specific social class; the rate of profit along the Golden Age growth path is independent of workers ‘propensity to save, being determined by the firms’ profit retention coefficient, by the fraction of the investment firms wish to finance with third-party resources and by the natural rate growth.

Growing Up Formula Market Outlook

The global growing up formula market size was valued at approximately USD 40 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach around USD 65 billion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.4% during the forecast period. This market is experiencing significant growth driven by the increasing awareness among parents about the nutritional needs of children beyond infancy. The growth factor can be attributed to the rising disposable incomes, urbanization, and the growing number of working parents who seek convenient yet nutritious food options for their children.

A primary growth factor for the growing up formula market is the increasing health consciousness among parents. With the enhancement in living standards and greater access to information, parents are becoming more aware of the nutritional requirements necessary for their children's development. This awareness is strongly linked to the importance of providing the right balance of vitamins, minerals, and overall nutrients to support healthy growth and cognitive development during the critical early childhood years. These factors have led to a rise in demand for high-quality growing up formulas that are enriched with essential nutrients and adhere to health standards. This trend is particularly evident in urban areas where parents are more inclined to invest in premium nutrition products for their children.

Another factor contributing to the market's growth is the shift in demographics and lifestyle changes. The global increase in dual-income households has resulted in time constraints, making convenience a key consideration for parents. Growing up formulas offer a convenient and reliable alternative to traditional meal preparation, ensuring that children receive the necessary nutrients even when parents are pressed for time. This demand for convenience is driving innovation in the market, with manufacturers investing in research and development to create formulas that are not only nutritionally rich but also easy to prepare and consume, thus meeting the needs of modern-day families.

The rising trend towards organic and natural food products is further bolstering the market's expansion. As concerns about food safety and the adverse effects of artificial ingredients grow, there is a noticeable shift towards organic growing up formulas. Parents are increasingly opting for products that are free from synthetic additives and GMOs, believing these to be safer and healthier for their children. This trend is particularly strong in developed regions where consumers are more willing to pay a premium for organic products. As a result, companies are expanding their product lines to include organic formulas, which are seeing substantial market growth and driving overall market dynamics.

The introduction of the Organic Follow Up Formula has been a significant development in the growing up formula market. As parents increasingly prioritize organic and natural ingredients for their children's nutrition, this formula offers a compelling option that aligns with these values. The Organic Follow Up Formula is designed to provide essential nutrients without the use of synthetic additives or genetically modified organisms (GMOs), making it a preferred choice for health-conscious families. This innovation not only caters to the rising demand for organic products but also supports the market's growth by attracting a segment of consumers who are willing to invest in high-quality, natural nutrition solutions for their children.

Regionally, Asia Pacific holds a significant share of the growing up formula market and is expected to witness the fastest growth over the forecast period. This is largely due to the burgeoning middle-class population, rapid urbanization, and the increase in working mothers in countries like China and India. North America and Europe also represent substantial markets due to high consumer awareness and the strong presence of key market players. Meanwhile, Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are emerging markets where the growing penetration of modern retail formats and an increasing number of health-conscious parents are expected to contribute to market growth.

Product Type Analysis

The growing up formula market can be segmented into organic and conventional products. Organic formulas have gained significant traction among consumers due to the increasing demand for chemical-free and naturally sourced