Foreign Exchange Transactions: Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA): Market data was reported at 2,078.000 AUD mn in Mar 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 1,482.000 AUD mn for Feb 2025. Foreign Exchange Transactions: Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA): Market data is updated monthly, averaging 450.000 AUD mn from Jan 1995 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 363 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3,135.000 AUD mn in Jun 2022 and a record low of -3,150.000 AUD mn in Oct 2008. Foreign Exchange Transactions: Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA): Market data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Reserve Bank of Australia. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Australia – Table AU.KA005: Official Reserve Assets & Foreign Exchange Transactions. Prior to 2015, the series is computed using a different methodology. The changes in the calculations were mainly due to a change to the treatment of repos, derivatives and gold. [COVID-19-IMPACT]

A comparison of the Australian target cash rate and the overnight interbank lending rate shows that, after around a decade of being identical, the economic impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic led to the actual overnight lending rate being lower than the Reserve Bank of Australia's target rate. This means that banks are lending to each other at lower rates than the "official" interest rate. One reason for this is the that the Reserve bank has made money available to banks in several new ways over this period (such as repo agreements where banks can pledge assets for short term funds), increasing liquidity in the banking system. As of June 2025, the overnight interbank cash rate and the target cash rate stood at **** and **** percent, respectively.

Ritchie Bros Auctioneers reported $25.21B in Market Capitalization this December of 2025, considering the latest stock price and the number of outstanding shares.Data for Ritchie Bros Auctioneers | RBA - Market Capitalization including historical, tables and charts were last updated by Trading Economics this last December in 2025.

‘System cash position’ is an estimate of the change in the aggregate level of Exchange Settlement (ES) balances at the RBA, prior to the RBA’s open market operations on that day. A negative value indicates a projected fall in the level of ES balances, while a positive value indicates a projected rise. The estimate is based on information about settlements arising from transactions by the RBA’s clients, including the Australian Government, as well as the RBA’s own transactions, and is announced at 9:30 am each trading day.\r \r ‘Outright transactions’ is the cash value of purchases and sales, conducted as part of the Bank’s open market operations, of securities issued by the Australian Government and State and Territory central borrowing authorities with remaining terms to maturity up to around 18 months. A positive value indicates the RBA has purchased securities while a negative value indicates the RBA has sold securities.\r \r ‘Foreign exchange swaps’ is the aggregate value of the first leg of foreign exchange swaps transacted for same-day value specifically for domestic liquidity management purposes. A positive value indicates the RBA has sold Australian dollars for foreign currency while a negative value indicates the RBA has purchased Australian dollars. The value of the second leg of a foreign exchange swap is captured in the ‘System cash position’ on the unwind date.\r \r ‘Repurchase agreements (RPs)’ is the amount of the first leg of securities bought/sold by the RBA under repurchase agreement (RP). 'General Collateral' refers to eligible eligible securities issued by the Australian Government, State and Territory governments, supranational institutions, foreign governments and government agencies as well as eligible securities with a sovereign government guarantee. ‘Private securities’ covers all other eligible collateral, including ADI-issued securities (eligible bank-issued discount securities and certificates of deposit with 12 months or less to maturity and bonds issued by ADIs), asset-backed securities (eligible residential mortgage-backed securities and asset-backed commercial paper) and eligible commercial paper. A positive value indicates the RBA has purchased securities under RPs while a negative value indicates the RBA has sold securities under RPs. It does not include RPs which are transacted through the RBA’s overnight RP facility. The value of the second leg of all RPs is captured in the ‘System cash position’ on the respective value dates.\r \r ‘Exchange Settlement account balances (end day)’ is the aggregate of all ES balances held at the RBA at the close of business. Unexpected movements in ES balances and overnight RPs transacted through the RBA’s overnight RP facility mean that ‘Exchange Settlement account balances (end day)’ will not necessarily be the sum of the previous day’s ‘Exchange Settlement account balances (end day)’, the ‘System cash position’ and the total of ‘Open market operations’ transacted.\r \r ‘Overnight repurchase agreements with RBA’ is the aggregate of the first leg of securities bought by the RBA through the overnight RP facility. These data are updated with a one month lag.\r \r

Outright Transaction Details\r

\r The 'Outright Transactions Details' sheet provides further information on the outright purchases and sales of Bonds and Discount Securities issued by the Australian Commonwealth, State & Territory Governments, conducted as part of the Bank's open market operations. “Issuer” is the acronym of the issuer of the bond/security. A positive “Face value dealt” indicates a purchase while a negative value indicates a sale. 'Weighted average rate' is the average of the rates dealt for each bond/security, weighted by the amount transacted. 'Cut-off rate' is the lowest yield accepted.\r \r

Repo Details\r

\r The Repo Details sheets provide a summary of the type of securities delivered to/by the RBA under RP at each term dealt through the open market operations. 'Govt and Quasi-Govt Repo Details' covers repo against General Collateral (eligible securities issued by the Australian Government, State and Territory governments, supranational institutions, foreign governments and government agencies as well as eligible securities with a sovereign government guarantee). ‘Private securities’ covers all other eligible collateral, including ADI-issued securities (eligible bank-issued discount securities and certificates of deposit with 12 months or less to maturity and bonds issued by ADIs), asset-backed securities (eligible residential mortgage-backed securities and asset-backed commercial paper) and eligible commercial paper.\r \r 'Term' is the number of days dealt in open market operations.\r \r 'Value Dealt' is the amount of the first leg of securities bought/sold by the RBA under RP.\r \r Weighted average rate' is the is the average of the rates on RPs dealt by the RBA through open market operations, weighted by the amount transacted.\r \r 'Cut-off rate' is the lowest rate dealt by the RBA through open market operations for each term dealt.\r \r

Repo Unwinds\r

\r The Repos Unwinds sheet provides a summary of the value of repurchase agreements due to unwind in the future, for both General Collateral and Private Securities. The unwind amount is equal to the sum of the total value dealt to that date plus accrued interest. \r \r

The global risk-based authentication (RBA) software market size was valued at USD 345.7 million in 2020 and is projected to grow from USD 449.2 million in 2022 to USD 823.2 million by 2030, exhibiting a CAGR of 8.7% during the forecast period. The market is witnessing substantial growth due to the rising need for robust authentication solutions to protect sensitive data and prevent unauthorized access. The increasing adoption of cloud-based applications, the growing threat from identity theft, and stringent government regulations have further fueled the market growth. Large enterprises and SMEs are implementing RBA solutions to enhance security and reduce the risk of data breaches. Key market players such as Okta, Silverfort, Idaptive, SecureAuth, Kount, RSA SecurID, Apache Sentry, Duo Security, ThreatMetrix, and Clearlogin are offering innovative RBA solutions to address the evolving security landscape.

Real-time analysis of 8410 Australian home loan products. Track variable rates (6.21%), fixed rates (5.77%), Big 4 banks vs market, and lender comparisons.

The Finance sector's operating environment was previously characterised by record-low interest rates. Nonetheless, high inflation prompted the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) to hike the cash rate from May 2022 onwards. This shift allowed financial institutions to impose higher loan charges, propelling their revenue. Banks raised interest rates quicker than funding costs in the first half of 2022-23, boosting net interest margins. However, sophisticated competition and digital disruption have reshaped the sector and nibbled at the Big Four's dominance, weighing on ADIs' performance. In the first half of 2025, the fierce competition has forced ADIs to trim lending rates even ahead of RBA moves to protect their slice of the mortgage market. Higher cash rates initially widened net interest margins, but the expiry of cheap TFF funding and a fierce mortgage war are now compressing spreads, weighing on ADIs' profitability. Although ANZ's 2024 Suncorp Bank takeover highlights some consolidation, the real contest is unfolding in tech. Larger financial institutions are combatting intensified competition from neobanks and fintechs by upscaling their technology investments, strengthening their strategic partnerships with cloud providers and technology consulting firms and augmenting their digital offerings. Notable examples include the launch of ANZ Plus by ANZ and Commonwealth Bank's Unloan. Meanwhile, investor demand for rental properties, elevated residential housing prices and sizable state-infrastructure pipelines have continued to underpin loan growth, offsetting the drag from weaker mortgage affordability and volatile business sentiment. Overall, subdivision revenue is expected to rise at an annualised 8.3% over the five years through 2024-25, to $524.6 billion. This growth trajectory includes an estimated 4.8% decline in 2024-25 driven by rate cuts in 2025, which will weigh on income from interest-bearing assets. The Big Four banks will double down on technology investments and partnerships to counter threats from fintech startups and neobanks. As cybersecurity risks and APRA regulations evolve, financial institutions will gear up to strengthen their focus on shielding sensitive customer data and preserving trust, lifting compliance and operational costs. In the face of fierce competition, evolving regulations and shifting customer preferences, consolidation through M&As is poised to be a viable trend for survival and growth, especially among smaller financial institutions like credit unions. While rate cuts will challenge profitability within the sector, expansionary economic policies are poised to stimulate business and mortgage lending activity, presenting opportunities for strategic growth in a dynamic market. These trends are why Finance subdivision revenue is forecast to rise by an annualised 1.1% over the five years through the end of 2029-30, to $554.9 billion

These data are derived from returns submitted by corporations registered as Category ‘Other’ under the Financial Sector (Collection of Data) Act 2001. Category ‘Other’ includes corporations formerly registered as Category F (Finance Companies), G (General Financiers) and E (Pastoral Finance Companies) under the Financial Corporations Act 1974. Along with Category D (Money Market Corporations), these corporations are known collectively as Registered Financial Corporations (RFCs).\r \r In April 2003, responsibility for the collection of financial statistics from Registered Financial Corporations (RFCs) was transferred to APRA. Previously, these data were collected by the RBA under the now repealed Financial Corporations Act 1974. The introduction of new reporting forms in April 2003 has led to some significant breaks in series and affected definitions and categories shown for these institutions. There are other breaks from time to time in the historical data due to changes in the number of reporting corporations. Details of data reported by individual corporations are confidential.\r \r Since December 1999, the collections cover RFCs whose assets in Australia (including related corporations) exceed $50 million. Prior to December 1999, this threshold was set at $5 million. This change resulted in breaks in all series covering RFCs.\r \r The collection of statistics from the authorised money market dealers (formerly Category C corporations under the Financial Corporations Act 1974) ceased from August 1996.\r \r From April 2003, the data are derived from RRF 320.0: Statement of Financial Position collected by APRA. Prior to April 2003, the data were derived from the FCA forms: D1, E1, F1 and G1 which were collected by the RBA.\r \r ‘AFIs’ refers to banks, credit unions, building societies, SCCIs, RFCs and the RBA.\r \r From April 2003, ‘Cash and liquid assets – Cash and balances with AFIs’ includes cash and deposits and placements with AFIs. Prior to April 2003, this series includes cash and deposits and placements with banks and RFCs.\r \r From April 2003, ‘Cash and liquid assets – Other’ includes gold bullion and deposits and placements with clearing houses and other (non-AFI) financial institutions. Prior to April 2003, this series includes deposits and placements with all institutions other than banks and RFCs. This series also includes placements with authorised money market dealers prior to August 1996.\r \r ‘Trading and investment securities – Debt’ includes commercial paper and promissory notes, bills of exchange and all other debt securities held by all counterparties.\r \r ‘Loans and advances – Household’ includes housing and other personal loans to households, and excludes finance lease receivables.\r \r From April 2003, ‘Loans and advances – Business’ includes loans to the following counterparties: private trading corporations, private unincorporated businesses, public non-financial corporations, community service organisations and other (non-AFI) financial institutions. Prior to April 2003, this series includes loans to all counterparties other than households and RFCs, and also includes bills of exchange accepted by the reporting corporation. This series excludes finance lease receivables.\r \r From April 2003, ‘Loans and advances – AFIs’ includes loans to AFIs. Prior to April 2003, this series only includes loans to RFCs (loans to other AFIs are included in ‘Loans and advances – Business’). This series excludes finance lease receivables.\r \r From April 2003, ‘Borrowings from residents – Borrowings from AFIs’ includes deposits and placements due to AFIs and short-term loans from ADIs. Prior to April 2003, this series includes borrowings from banks and related RFCs.\r \r From April 2003, ‘Borrowings from residents – Deposits and placements’ includes deposits and placements due to the following counterparties: private trading corporations, private unincorporated businesses, public non-financial corporations, community service organisations and other (non-AFI) financial institutions.\r \r From April 2003, ‘Borrowings from residents – Other’ includes borrowings by the issue of promissory notes, bills of exchange and other debt securities, short-term loans from non-ADIs and all long-term loans. Prior to April 2003, this series includes borrowings from all counterparties other than banks and related RFCs, and borrowings by the issue of promissory notes, debentures, unsecured notes and bills of exchange accepted by banks.\r

This dataset provides historical stock market performance data for specific companies. It enables users to analyze and understand the past trends and fluctuations in stock prices over time. This information can be utilized for various purposes such as investment analysis, financial research, and market trend forecasting.

Interest rates and yields – money market

Figures for ‘RBA foreign exchange transactions’, ‘Change in reserve assets due to valuation’ and ‘Total change in reserve assets’ refer to period totals. All other figures are end period values.\r \r ‘RBA foreign exchange transactions’, sales (-) and purchases (+), are reported according to the date on which settlement takes place (‘value date’).\r \r ‘Market’ transactions are foreign exchange transactions against the Australian dollar (excluding foreign exchange swaps) undertaken by the RBA with authorised foreign exchange dealers in Australia or banks overseas.\r \r ‘Australian Government’ transactions are the RBA’s foreign exchange transactions with the Australian Government.\r \r ‘Other outright’ transactions include the RBA’s outright transactions with other central banks, international financial institutions which are not intended to affect the exchange rate, clients other than the Australian Government, and interest received on holdings of foreign assets.\r \r ‘Swap deliveries’ are RBA foreign exchange swap transactions that settled during the period, excluding swaps conducted with the Federal Reserve as part of the USD Swap Facility. For the period January 1995 until February 1996 ‘Other outright’ includes ‘Swap deliveries’.\r \r ‘Official reserve assets’ comprise holdings of ‘Foreign exchange’, ‘Gold’ and ‘Other’ reserve assets, which comprise Special Drawing Rights, Reserve position in the IMF and the net value of swap transactions conducted with the Federal Reserve as part of the USD Swap Facility.\r \r ‘Outstanding forward foreign exchange commitments’ mainly reflect market values of the second leg of RBA swap transactions outstanding and, from time to time, outstanding RBA outright forward transactions. Prior to July 2002 contract values are reported.\r \r The sum of ‘Gold’ and ‘Foreign exchange’ may differ from figures reported in the weekly Statement of Liabilities and Assets and the RBA’s Annual Report. From 1 July 1996, foreign currency securities sold under repurchase agreements are retained for accounting purposes as foreign currency investments in the RBA’s balance sheet, in accordance with standard accounting treatment. For the purpose of reporting foreign exchange reserves in this table, however, securities sold under repurchase agreements are excluded. In addition, from 20 December 2006, foreign exchange sales (-) and purchases (+) are reported for accounting purposes according to the date on which they are contracted (‘trade date’). For the purpose of reporting foreign exchange reserves in this table, however, foreign exchange transactions are reported according to the date on which settlement takes place (‘value date’).\r

This analysis presents a rigorous exploration of financial data, incorporating a diverse range of statistical features. By providing a robust foundation, it facilitates advanced research and innovative modeling techniques within the field of finance.

RBA:TSX Ritchie Bros. Auctioneers Incorporated

Financial data:

• Historical daily stock prices (open, high, low, close, volume)

• Fundamental data (e.g., market capitalization, price to earnings P/E ratio, dividend yield, earnings per share EPS, price to earnings growth, debt-to-equity ratio, price-to-book ratio, current ratio, free cash flow, projected earnings growth, return on equity, dividend payout ratio, price to sales ratio, credit rating)

• Technical indicators (e.g., moving averages, RSI, MACD, average directional index, aroon oscillator, stochastic oscillator, on-balance volume, accumulation/distribution A/D line, parabolic SAR indicator, bollinger bands indicators, fibonacci, williams percent range, commodity channel index)

Machine learning features:

• Feature engineering based on financial data and technical indicators

• Sentiment analysis data from social media and news articles

• Macroeconomic data (e.g., GDP, unemployment rate, interest rates, consumer spending, building permits, consumer confidence, inflation, producer price index, money supply, home sales, retail sales, bond yields)

Potential Applications:

• Stock price prediction

• Portfolio optimization

• Algorithmic trading

• Market sentiment analysis

• Risk management

Use Cases:

• Researchers investigating the effectiveness of machine learning in stock market prediction

• Analysts developing quantitative trading Buy/Sell strategies

• Individuals interested in building their own stock market prediction models

• Students learning about machine learning and financial applications

Additional Notes:

• The dataset may include different levels of granularity (e.g., daily, hourly)

• Data cleaning and preprocessing are essential before model training

• Regular updates are recommended to maintain the accuracy and relevance of the data

Risk-Based Authentication Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the Global Risk-Based Authentication (RBA) market size was valued at $5.2 billion in 2024 and is projected to reach $17.6 billion by 2033, expanding at a robust CAGR of 14.5% during 2024–2033. The surge in cyber threats and the imperative for organizations to secure digital identities without sacrificing user experience are major factors propelling the adoption of risk-based authentication solutions globally. As businesses increasingly shift to digital channels and remote work environments, the need for adaptive security frameworks that intelligently assess risk in real-time has become paramount. This growing awareness, coupled with regulatory mandates for data protection, is driving the widespread deployment of RBA technologies across various sectors.

Regional Outlook

North America currently dominates the global risk-based authentication market, accounting for the largest share in 2024. This leadership is attributed to the region’s mature cybersecurity infrastructure, high penetration of digital services, and proactive regulatory environment. The United States, in particular, is home to a significant number of leading RBA solution providers and early adopters, including large enterprises in the BFSI and healthcare sectors. The region’s focus on innovation, coupled with strict data privacy regulations such as the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) and HIPAA, has driven organizations to invest heavily in adaptive authentication technologies. Additionally, frequent high-profile data breaches and a sophisticated threat landscape have further accelerated the adoption of advanced risk-based authentication systems.

The Asia Pacific region is projected to be the fastest-growing market for risk-based authentication, with an impressive CAGR of over 17% during the forecast period. Rapid digitization, expanding internet penetration, and a burgeoning fintech ecosystem are key growth drivers in countries such as China, India, Japan, and South Korea. Organizations in this region are increasingly recognizing the importance of robust identity management and fraud prevention, especially as mobile banking, e-commerce, and digital payments surge in popularity. Government initiatives to boost cybersecurity readiness, along with rising investments from both public and private sectors, are fueling the demand for RBA solutions. The region’s dynamic start-up culture and growing partnerships between local and global cybersecurity firms are further catalyzing market expansion.

Emerging economies in Latin America, the Middle East, and Africa are witnessing gradual adoption of risk-based authentication technologies, although challenges persist. Limited awareness, budget constraints, and a shortage of skilled cybersecurity professionals are some of the key hurdles in these regions. However, as digital transformation accelerates and governments introduce new data protection regulations, demand for adaptive authentication solutions is expected to rise. Localized solutions tailored to specific regulatory and cultural contexts are gaining traction, particularly in sectors such as banking, government, and telecommunications. Strategic collaborations with global technology providers and capacity-building initiatives are helping bridge the adoption gap in these emerging markets.

Report Scope

The interest rate of bank accepted bills/negotiable certificates of deposit for Australian banks has fallen slightly over the last decade. From a peak of around **** percent from late 2010 to late 2011, interest rates on three and six month bills/certificates had fallen to **** and **** percent respectively as of September 2021 . Notably, these rates were below the the official Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) target cash rate of *** percent. Primarily, the reason for this is that the RBA was more concerned with ensuring banks have liquidity than intervening so that the cash rate is consistent with its target rate, and to this end RBA used new methods to inject funds into banks since the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. As of May 2024, the interest rates on three and six month bills/certificates increased to **** and **** percent, respectively.

The Risk-Based Authentication (RBA) market is experiencing robust growth, driven by the escalating need for robust cybersecurity measures in a rapidly evolving digital landscape. The market, valued at approximately $XX million in 2025 (assuming a logical estimate based on the provided CAGR of 18.80% and a plausible 2019-2024 baseline), is projected to expand significantly over the forecast period (2025-2033). This substantial growth is fueled by several key factors. The increasing frequency and sophistication of cyberattacks targeting businesses and individuals necessitate stronger authentication methods beyond traditional passwords. The rising adoption of cloud-based services and the proliferation of connected devices also contribute to market expansion, as RBA solutions offer enhanced security for diverse access points. Furthermore, stringent government regulations and industry compliance standards are compelling organizations across various sectors – including BFSI, retail, healthcare, and government – to implement sophisticated authentication mechanisms like RBA. The increasing preference for cloud deployment models further accelerates the market's trajectory. However, the market also faces certain challenges. The complexity of implementing and managing RBA solutions can be a barrier for smaller organizations, particularly those lacking the necessary technical expertise. Concerns regarding user experience and potential friction in the authentication process also present headwinds. Despite these obstacles, the long-term growth outlook for the RBA market remains positive. The continuous innovation in authentication technologies, such as behavioral biometrics and risk scoring algorithms, is expected to address some of the current limitations and further drive market penetration. The ongoing evolution of threat landscapes and increasing regulatory pressure will likely solidify RBA’s position as a critical component of comprehensive cybersecurity strategies across all industries. The competitive landscape is characterized by established players like RSA Security, IBM, and Micro Focus, alongside emerging innovative companies, indicating a dynamic and evolving market. Recent developments include: July 2021 - RSA released the SecurID App 3.0 to deliver a next-generation end-user experience for iOS and Android users with multiple software tokens into a single, easy-to-use SecurID App. The SecurID App also provides greater accessibility with voice-over and talk back for visually impaired users., July 2021 - Broadcom Inc. announced an integration by CA Adapter to integrate SiteMinder with an on-premise implementation of CA Strong Authentication and the CA Risk Authentication, an adaptive authentication solution.. Key drivers for this market are: Growing Data Breaches and Cyber Attacks across Key End-user Verticals, Adoption of BYOD Trends in Enterprises. Potential restraints include: Growing Data Breaches and Cyber Attacks across Key End-user Verticals, Adoption of BYOD Trends in Enterprises. Notable trends are: Banking and Financial Services Hold the Major Share.

The benchmark interest rate in Australia was last recorded at 3.60 percent. This dataset provides - Australia Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Debt Securities: Outstanding: Long Term Non Government Securities Issued in Australia data was reported at 772.600 AUD bn in Feb 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 759.700 AUD bn for Jan 2025. Debt Securities: Outstanding: Long Term Non Government Securities Issued in Australia data is updated monthly, averaging 363.500 AUD bn from Sep 1992 (Median) to Feb 2025, with 390 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 772.600 AUD bn in Feb 2025 and a record low of 20.500 AUD bn in Mar 1996. Debt Securities: Outstanding: Long Term Non Government Securities Issued in Australia data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Reserve Bank of Australia. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Australia – Table AU.Z011: Debt Securities: Outstanding. Data on outstanding bonds issued by other non-government entities are compiled by the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) from various market sources. The data are on a face-value basis. The RBA data does not include debentures of finance companies.

Inflation expectations

The Risk-based Authentication (RBA) Software market has gained significant traction in recent years as businesses increasingly prioritize security while balancing user experience. RBA solutions utilize a combination of risk assessment techniques and contextual information to determine the level of authentication req