In 2023, the average commission rate for realtors in the U.S. was **** percent, down from *** percent in 2020. The lowest commission was observed in 2005, at five percent.

Korea Consumer Price Index (CPI): Services: PB: PB: Real estate agent fee data was reported at 98.680 2015=100 in Jun 2018. This stayed constant from the previous number of 98.680 2015=100 for May 2018. Korea Consumer Price Index (CPI): Services: PB: PB: Real estate agent fee data is updated monthly, averaging 101.941 2015=100 from Jan 2010 (Median) to Jun 2018, with 102 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 102.950 2015=100 in Feb 2015 and a record low of 98.680 2015=100 in Jun 2018. Korea Consumer Price Index (CPI): Services: PB: PB: Real estate agent fee data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistics Korea. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Korea – Table KR.I021: Consumer Price Index: Special Groups: 2015=100.

The real estate sales and brokerage industry is navigating a complex landscape with high mortgage rates and dropping home sales. The Federal Reserve's decision to raise the benchmark interest rate 11 times across 2022 and 2023 to combat inflation led to a significant climb in mortgage rates, dampening buyer demand and affordability. This gain has deterred homeowners from selling, leading to low housing inventory. Despite the rate cuts that came in 2024, mortgage rates remain high, with the typical 30-year fixed mortgage staying above 6.5%. Existing home sales also hit a near 30-year low in 2024, mainly because of high home prices and tight supply. Amid these challenges, the real estate market has seen a surge in home values, propelling industry growth. This growth greatly benefits real estate agents and brokerages, who often base their commissions on the house's selling price. Despite the high vacancy rates, the office market also shows signs of picking up, primarily because of demand for high-quality assets such as Class A office spaces and modern buildings. Increased competitive pressure necessitates more aggressive marketing tactics to secure listings and attract sellers. Nonetheless, because of the industry's robust performance from 2020 to 2021, revenue has climbed at a CAGR of 0.8% over the past five years, reaching $241.3 billion in 2025. 2025 revenue will climb an estimated 1.0% as home price appreciation and a rebound in commercial sales volume will fuel tepid growth. The higher-for-longer interest rate environment is expected to slow the industry's growth. The high mortgage rates and escalating home prices will likely price out many potential home buyers from the market, forcing customers to rent or live in multifamily complexes. The limited new office construction will stimulate office building sales and intensify brokerage activity. The housing stock situation is expected to remain tight, with homeowners staying in their homes for longer and contributing to home price appreciation. Amid these conditions, a likely shift toward new construction and build-to-rent properties for agents and brokers is anticipated. Increased competition in the form of market saturation and disruption from online platforms will inhibit profit growth. Overall, industry revenue will gain at a CAGR of 2.3% to reach $270.8 billion in 2030.

Companies in the Commercial Real Estate Agents industry act as intermediaries for the buying, selling, renting or leasing non-residential property. Typically, estate agents can earn income via fees and commissions charged to clients, which allows them to protect their operating profit margin from commercial property price fluctuations. Agents may also provide clients with value-added ancillary services through which they can generate additional revenue, including specialist transaction advisory services and escrow services. Competitive pressures have forced estate agents to lower fees to retain business volumes. Through the end of 2024-25, the commercial real estate agents industry is expected to swell at a compound annual rate of 0.8% to £5.1 billion. In 2020-21, pandemic-related disruption rocked the industry, with revenue tanking by 15.7% and profitability narrowed. The sector picked up over the two years through 2022-23, though output dropped by 12.6% in 2023-24 amid higher mortgage rates and rapid cost-push inflation slashing downstream business activity. Revenues are set to bounce back in 2024-25 as business confidence creeps up along with falling inflation and interest rates, reducing investor borrowing costs and boosting transaction volumes. Central London's retail resurgence has benefitted commercial real estate revenues in 2024-25, with Central London retail investment volumes increasing by 71% in Q2 2024 compared to Q1. Through the five years through 2029-30, the commercial real estate agents industry is expected to climb at a compound annual rate of 2.6% to £5.8 billion. In the short term, high business lending rates will impair the affordability of UK properties and soften commercial property prices. Nonetheless, opportunities for estate agents to drive commissions and fee revenue remain. The market for industrial real estate, in particular logistics and warehouse space, has been labelled a growth sector, with expansion in internet-led markets and efforts to expand domestic and global supply chains expected to support demand for non-residential real estate going forward. Elsewhere, persisting hybrid work-from-home trends could change the need for office real estate.

Companies in the Residential Estate Agents industry act as intermediaries when a residential property is bought, sold, rented or leased in the UK. Typically, estate agents earn income via fixed flat rates or commissions and transaction fees related to the selling price charged to interested parties. Estate agents also provide clients with value-added ancillary services through which they can earn sufficient income, including specialist advisory services, contract appraisals, property valuation and escrow services. Over the five years through 2024-25, residential real estate agent’s is expected to contract at a compound annual rate of 4.7% to £5.8 billion. In 2020-21, a temporary hiatus in housing market activity during the spring lockdown left a gap in estate agents' income statements, made worse by unfavourable tax reform for buy-to-let property investors. Activity rebounded over 2021-22 as the release of pent-up demand and stimulatory policies restored and elevated property transaction levels. However, over 2023-24, revenue tanked by 14.4% as successive rises in the bank rate, eventually landing at 5.25% in August 2023, increased mortgage rates across the UK and significantly reduced the market for residential property transactions and estate agent revenue. In 2024-25, revenue is expected to inch upwards by 0.7%, as interest rates fell to 5% in August 2024; interest rates are forecast to drop at least once more in 2024-25, making borrowing more affordable and increasing transaction volumes. According to HMRC, there were 90,210 UK residential transactions in August 2024, a 5% increase on August 2023. There is optimism as household disposable incomes and consumer confidence climb, meaning a bounce back in the housing market is imminent. Over the five years through 2029-30, residential real estate agent’s revenue is expected to expand at a compound annual rate of 1.4% to £6.2 billion. Beyond an envisaged recovery phase, competitive pressures from the proliferation of online-only and hybrid estate agents will intensify, challenging traditional agencies. Due to increasing council taxes on second homes, landlords may sell some of their portfolios, increasing the supply of houses to be transacted and boosting revenue. House prices are forecast to trend upwards in the medium term, increasing transaction commissions and benefitting estate agents.

South Korea Consumer Price Index (CPI): MI: OS: OS: Real Estate Agent Fee data was reported at 92.280 2020=100 in Apr 2025. This stayed constant from the previous number of 92.280 2020=100 for Mar 2025. South Korea Consumer Price Index (CPI): MI: OS: OS: Real Estate Agent Fee data is updated monthly, averaging 100.000 2020=100 from Jan 2010 (Median) to Apr 2025, with 184 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 104.327 2020=100 in Feb 2015 and a record low of 92.280 2020=100 in Apr 2025. South Korea Consumer Price Index (CPI): MI: OS: OS: Real Estate Agent Fee data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistics Korea. The data is categorized under Global Database’s South Korea – Table KR.I: Consumer Price Index: 2020=100.

The Real Estate Services industry has faced mixed conditions over recent years. Despite the recent improvement in housing supply and the piling up of inventory, prices remain elevated relative to pre-pandemic levels, offsetting revenue declines for real estate agents. A demand-supply imbalance led to historically high housing prices in 2021-22, though tighter loan-to-value ratio (LVR) regulations and heightened interest rates curbed real estate activity and weakened prices over the two years through 2023-24. The bright-line test extension in 2021 cooled speculative investment, diminishing property investors' interest. Residential property transactions plunged in 2022-23 as cost-of-living pressures and soaring borrowing expenses weighed on mortgage affordability. As inflation moderates and the official cash rate has come down since August 2024, sales volumes and demand will pick up. That's why revenue is forecast to climb 2.8% in 2024-25. However, a plunge in property transactions is why revenue is expected to have dipped at an annualised 0.4% over the five years through 2024-25 to $6.2 billion. The commercial market has faced shifting tenant preferences, particularly around remote work arrangements, contributing to elevated office vacancy rates. Nonetheless, booming demand for industrial space and interest in green buildings has yielded new opportunities. Concurrently, the widespread adoption of artificial intelligence has boosted operational efficiency for many real estate agencies, underpinning growth in their profit margins and alleviating some wage pressures. The Coalition government’s reinstatement of 80% interest deductibility for residential investment properties in April 2024, with a plan to reach 100% by April 2025, alongside the rollback of the bright-line test from 10 to 2 years, will spur investor activity and escalate property prices. These policy changes will entice property investors, expanding this market's revenue share over the coming years and benefiting real estate agencies. Consecutive cuts to the official cash rate to counter subdued economic activity will strengthen mortgage affordability and promote a resurgence in the residential property market. However, an expanding housing supply – aided by funding for social housing units and relaxed planning restrictions – will temper price escalation and slow agencies' commission growth over the coming years. Rising competition among real estate agencies and the continued adoption of digital tools, from big data analytics to advanced customer management solutions, will intensify market dynamics, creating opportunities and challenges for prospective and existing agents. Overall, revenue is forecast to climb at an annualised 2.2% over the five years through 2029-30 to $6.9 billion.

Shopping mall management servicers continue to endure amid favorable trends in the commercial real estate market and niche shopping mall demand from older-aged customers. Despite sharp volatility amid inflationary spikes in 2022 and the continued impact of elevated interest rates on retailers’ balance sheets, shopping malls continue to be a reliable outlet for in-person shoppers. The rebound in macroeconomic conditions and continued acceleration of disposable income following a sharp 6.2% decline in 2022 provided greater flexibility for customers to resume in-person activities and brick-and-mortar retail shopping. Higher rental costs of commercial spaces hampered smaller retail clients, but also boosted collective rental and property management fee income, particularly within lucrative metropolitan areas like Miami and New York. However, national growth was dampened by a growing popularity of online-based retailers such as Amazon, causing many customers to pivot toward e-commerce channels. Revenue grew at a CAGR of 1.0% to an estimated $24.7 billion over the past five years, including an estimated 0.3% boost in 2025 alone. As e-commerce services expanded nationally, foot traffic at shopping malls continued to slow down. Nonetheless, this slowdown was dampened, as shopping mall developers transformed shopping malls by adding an experiential factor, such as cinemas, restaurants and playgrounds. Despite the threat of falling retail leasing, shopping mall managers still generate a growing proportion of revenue from the rental of other commercial spaces. Elevated interest rates, which sit at 4.3% as of May 2025, also significantly harmed management companies by curtailing smaller retailers’ disposable incomes while making maintenance costs more expensive for existing facilities. Larger companies with more robust mall facilities were forced to pay more for upkeep and new modernization projects, causing profit to tumble. Moving forward, shopping mall management companies will benefit from economic stabilization and anticipated relief with slumping interest rates. Nonetheless, the significant rise of online shopping will persistently drive many brick-and-mortar retailers out of malls, reducing the number of potential tenants for existing management companies. However, as shopping mall managers put more effort into diversifying their customer portfolio away from sole retail and department stores, demand for shopping malls will remain reliant on the type of experiential facilities offered. Larger companies, such as Kimco Realty Corp., will also prioritize strategic acquisitions to target growing regional markets and expand their retail footprint. Revenue is expected to inch upward at a CAGR of 0.6% to an estimated $25.4 billion through the end of 2030.