This dataset was generated by parsing PDFs released by the US Treasury for foreign exchange. An edited version (quarterly-edited.csv) includes fixes for typos in the Treasury data.

Usage caveats from the documentation:

"Exceptions to using the reporting rates as shown in the report are: * collections and refunds to be valued at specified rates set by international agreements, * conversions of one foreign currency into another, * foreign currencies sold for dollars, and * other types of transactions affecting dollar appropriations. (See Volume I Treasury Financial Manual 2-3200 for further details.)

Since the exchange rates in this report are not current rates of exchange, they should not be used to value transactions affecting dollar appropriations."

Additional caveats:

This unified dataset should be used only for reference or ballpark estimation, and not for anything like automated valuation. The reason is because there's still a lot of messiness involving countries and changing units- when in doubt or if required, please do additional research to confirm the historical rates are indeed as stated.

Future plans:

• Clean this up so that it can indeed be used in an automated system for converting currencies
• Fill in the missing entries
• Standardize country names and currency names

Documentation

Source

Abstract

Currency exchange rate is an important metric to inform economic policy but traditional sources are often produced with delay during crises and only at an aggregate level. This may poorly reflect the actual rate trends in rural or poverty-stricken areas, where large populations reside in fragile situations. This data set includes currency exchange rate estimates and is intended to help gain insight in price developments beyond what can be formally measured by traditional methods. The estimates are generated using a machine-learning approach that imputes ongoing subnational price surveys, often with accuracy similar to direct measurement of prices. The data set provides new opportunities to investigate local price dynamics in areas where populations are sensitive to localized price shocks and where traditional data are not available.

Geographic coverage notes

The data cover the following sub-national areas: Ouaddai, Salamat, Wadi Fira, Sila, Ennedi Est, Batha, Tibesti, Logone Oriental, Logone Occidental, Guera, Hadjer Lamis, Lac, Mayo Kebbi Est, Chari Baguirmi, Ennedi Ouest, Borkou, Tandjile, Mandoul, Moyen Chari, Mayo Kebbi Ouest, Kanem, Barh El Gazal, Ndjaména, Market Average

Number of U.S. Dollars per domestic currency unit for currencies used in Pacific Island Countries and Territories. Monthly and yearly values for end-of-period and period-average exchange rates since 1950 are based on data from IMF International Financial Statistics.

Find more Pacific data on PDH.stat.

A graphic that displays the dollar performance against other currencies reveals that economic developments had mixed results on currency exchanges. The third quarter of 2023 marked a period of disinflation in the euro area, while China's projected growth was projected to go up. The United States economy was said to have a relatively strong performance in Q3 2023, although growing capital market interest rate and the resumption of student loan repayments might dampen this growth at the end of 2023. A relatively weak Japanese yen Q3 2023 saw pressure from investors towards Japanese authorities on how they would respond to the situation surrounding the Japanese yen. The USD/JPY rate was close to ***, whereas analysts suspected it should be around ** given the country's purchase power parity. The main reason for this disparity is said to be the differences in central bank interest rates between the United States, the euro area, and Japan. Any future aggressive changes from, especially the U.S. Fed might lower those differences. Financial markets responded somewhat disappoint when Japan did not announce major plans to tackle the situation. Potential rent decreases in 2024 Central bank rates peak in 2023, although it is expected that some of these will decline in early 2024. That said, analysts expect overall policies will remain restrictive. For example, the Bank of England's interest rate remained unchanged at **** percent in Q3 2023. It is believed the United Kingdom's central bank will ease its interest rate in 2024 but less than either the U.S. Fed or the European Central Bank. This should be a positive development for the pound compared to either the euro or the dollar.

Graph and download economic data for Currency Conversions: US Dollar Exchange Rate: Average of Daily Rates: National Currency: USD for New Zealand (NZLCCUSMA02GYQ) from Q1 1960 to Q4 2023 about New Zealand, exchange rate, currency, rate, and USA.

Abstract

Currency exchange rate is an important metric to inform economic policy but traditional sources are often produced with delay during crises and only at an aggregate level. This may poorly reflect the actual rate trends in rural or poverty-stricken areas, where large populations reside in fragile situations. This data set includes currency exchange rate estimates and is intended to help gain insight in price developments beyond what can be formally measured by traditional methods. The estimates are generated using a machine-learning approach that imputes ongoing subnational price surveys, often with accuracy similar to direct measurement of prices. The data set provides new opportunities to investigate local price dynamics in areas where populations are sensitive to localized price shocks and where traditional data are not available.

Geographic coverage notes

The data cover the following sub-national areas: Abia, Borno, Yobe, Katsina, Kano, Kaduna, Gombe, Jigawa, Kebbi, Oyo, Sokoto, Zamfara, Lagos, Adamawa, Market Average

One United States dollar was worth over ****** Indonesian rupiah in May 2024, the highest value in a comparison of over 50 different currencies worldwide. All countries and territories shown here are based on the Big Mac Index - a measurement of how much a single Big Mac is worth across different areas in the world. This exchange rate comparison reveals a strong position of the dollar in Asia and Latin America. Note, though, that several of the top currencies shown here do not rank among the most traded. The quarterly U.S. dollar exchange rate against the ten biggest forex currencies only contains the Korean won and the Japanese yen.

Graph and download economic data for Exchange Rate to U.S. Dollar for New Zealand (FXRATENZA618NUPN) from 1950 to 2010 about New Zealand, exchange rate, currency, rate, and USA.

Abstract

Currency exchange rate is an important metric to inform economic policy but traditional sources are often produced with delay during crises and only at an aggregate level. This may poorly reflect the actual rate trends in rural or poverty-stricken areas, where large populations reside in fragile situations. This data set includes currency exchange rate estimates and is intended to help gain insight in price developments beyond what can be formally measured by traditional methods. The estimates are generated using a machine-learning approach that imputes ongoing subnational price surveys, often with accuracy similar to direct measurement of prices. The data set provides new opportunities to investigate local price dynamics in areas where populations are sensitive to localized price shocks and where traditional data are not available.

Geographic coverage notes

The data cover the following sub-national areas: SULAWESI UTARA, SUMATERA UTARA, KALIMANTAN UTARA, JAWA BARAT, NUSA TENGGARA BARAT, NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR, SULAWESI SELATAN, JAMBI, JAWA TIMUR, KALIMANTAN SELATAN, BALI, BANTEN, JAWA TENGAH, RIAU, SUMATERA BARAT, KEPULAUAN RIAU, PAPUA, SULAWESI BARAT, BENGKULU, MALUKU UTARA, DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA, KALIMANTAN BARAT, KALIMANTAN TENGAH, PAPUA BARAT, SUMATERA SELATAN, MALUKU, KEPULAUAN BANGKA BELITUNG, ACEH, DKI JAKARTA, SULAWESI TENGGARA, KALIMANTAN TIMUR, LAMPUNG, GORONTALO, SULAWESI TENGAH, Market Average

Graph and download economic data for Exchange Rate to U.S. Dollar for Papua New Guinea (FXRATEPGA618NUPN) from 1950 to 2010 about Papua New Guinea, exchange rate, currency, rate, and USA.

Abstract

Currency exchange rate is an important metric to inform economic policy but traditional sources are often produced with delay during crises and only at an aggregate level. This may poorly reflect the actual rate trends in rural or poverty-stricken areas, where large populations reside in fragile situations. This data set includes currency exchange rate estimates and is intended to help gain insight in price developments beyond what can be formally measured by traditional methods. The estimates are generated using a machine-learning approach that imputes ongoing subnational price surveys, often with accuracy similar to direct measurement of prices. The data set provides new opportunities to investigate local price dynamics in areas where populations are sensitive to localized price shocks and where traditional data are not available.

Geographic coverage notes

The data cover the following sub-national areas: North, South, Artibonite, Centre, South-East, Grande'Anse, North-East, West, North-West, Market Average

As of August 1, 2023, one U.S. dollar could buy 21,021.7 Sierra Leonean leones (SLL), the highest exchange rate among the African currencies. Furthermore, one U.S. dollar corresponded to 758.9 Nigerian naira (NGN), 30.85 Egyptian pounds (EGP), 18.03 South African rand (ZAR), and 9.86 Moroccan dirhams (MAD) as of the same date.

Exchange rates and inflation: a case study of West African countries

Exchange rates can affect a country's inflation rate and the purchasing power of its currency. If a country's currency depreciates significantly, it can lead to higher inflation as the cost of imported goods and services increases. Indeed, the inflation rate in Sierra Leone increased steeply over the past two years. The IMF further estimates that inflation will continue to rise before falling again. This high inflation and other factors also led to the depreciation of the SLL. Furthermore, a regional perspective showed that Nigeria and Liberia faced similar high inflation rates.

Businesses' strategies for tackling inflation

Unfavorable exchange rates negatively impact countries' economies. It does this in various ways, including limiting businesses' ability to grow. Issues such as inflation affect purchasing power and businesses' investment decisions. In 2023, a survey revealed that a substantial number of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) employed various measures to offset the impact of inflation. Approximately 36 percent of these businesses tapped into their personal savings to bolster their operations, while another 32 percent opted to scale down their business activities.

Foreign Exchange Rate: Avg: US Dollar to New Zealand Dollar data was reported at 0.694 USD/NZD in Jun 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.695 USD/NZD for May 2018. Foreign Exchange Rate: Avg: US Dollar to New Zealand Dollar data is updated monthly, averaging 0.659 USD/NZD from Jan 1990 (Median) to Jun 2018, with 342 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.870 USD/NZD in Jul 2014 and a record low of 0.399 USD/NZD in Nov 2000. Foreign Exchange Rate: Avg: US Dollar to New Zealand Dollar data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Reserve Bank of New Zealand. The data is categorized under Global Database’s New Zealand – Table NZ.M011: Foreign Exchange Rates.

Graph and download economic data for U.S. Dollars to New Zealand Dollar Spot Exchange Rate (DEXUSNZ) from 1971-01-04 to 2025-07-03 about New Zealand, exchange rate, currency, rate, and USA.

The DXY exchange rate rose to 97.8683 on July 11, 2025, up 0.22% from the previous session. Over the past month, the United States Dollar has weakened 0.05%, and is down by 5.98% over the last 12 months. United States Dollar - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

Graph and download economic data for Broad Effective Exchange Rate for New Zealand (NBNZBIS) from Jan 1994 to Apr 2025 about New Zealand, broad, exchange rate, currency, rate, and indexes.

Abstract

Currency exchange rate is an important metric to inform economic policy but traditional sources are often produced with delay during crises and only at an aggregate level. This may poorly reflect the actual rate trends in rural or poverty-stricken areas, where large populations reside in fragile situations. This data set includes currency exchange rate estimates and is intended to help gain insight in price developments beyond what can be formally measured by traditional methods. The estimates are generated using a machine-learning approach that imputes ongoing subnational price surveys, often with accuracy similar to direct measurement of prices. The data set provides new opportunities to investigate local price dynamics in areas where populations are sensitive to localized price shocks and where traditional data are not available.

Geographic coverage notes

The data cover the following sub-national areas: Badakhshan, Badghis, Baghlan, Balkh, Bamyan, Daykundi, Farah, Faryab, Paktya, Ghazni, Ghor, Hilmand, Hirat, Nangarhar, Jawzjan, Kabul, Kandahar, Kapisa, Khost, Kunar, Kunduz, Laghman, Logar, Wardak, Nimroz, Nuristan, Paktika, Panjsher, Parwan, Samangan, Sar-e-pul, Takhar, Uruzgan, Zabul, Market Average, Armavir, Ararat, Aragatsotn, Tavush, Gegharkunik, Shirak, Kotayk, Syunik, Lori, Vayotz Dzor, Yerevan, Kayanza, Ruyigi, Bubanza, Karuzi, Bujumbura Mairie, Muramvya, Gitega, Rumonge, Bururi, Kirundo, Cankuzo, Cibitoke, Muyinga, Rutana, Bujumbura Rural, Makamba, Ngozi, Mwaro, SAHEL, CASCADES, SUD-OUEST, EST, BOUCLE DU MOUHOUN, CENTRE-NORD, PLATEAU-CENTRAL, HAUTS-BASSINS, CENTRE, NORD, CENTRE-SUD, CENTRE-OUEST, CENTRE-EST, Khulna, Chittagong, Barisal, Rajshahi, Dhaka, Rangpur, Sylhet, Mymensingh, Ouaka, Mbomou, Bangui, Nana-Mambéré, Ouham, Sangha-Mbaéré, Ombella M'Poko, Mambéré-Kadéï, Vakaga, Ouham Pendé, Lobaye, Haute-Kotto, Kémo, Nana-Gribizi, Bamingui-Bangoran, Haut-Mbomou, Nord, Extrême-Nord, Ouest, Nord-Ouest, Adamaoua, Sud-Ouest, Est, Littoral, Centre, Haut-Uele, Nord-Kivu, Ituri, Tshopo, Kwilu, Kasai, Sud-Kivu, Kongo-Central, Nord-Ubangi, Sud-Ubangi, Kasai-Central, Bas-Uele, Tanganyika, Lualaba, Kasai-Oriental, Kwango, Haut-Lomami, Haut-Katanga, Maniema, Kinshasa, Equateur, Lomami, Likouala, Brazzaville, Point-Noire, Pool, Bouenza, Cuvette, Lekoumou, Nzerekore, Boke, Kindia, Kankan, Faranah, Mamou, Labe, Kanifing Municipal Council, Central River, Upper River, West Coast, North Bank, Lower River, Bafata, Tombali, Cacheu, Sector Autonomo De Bissau, Biombo, Oio, Gabu, Bolama, Quinara, North, South, Artibonite, South-East, Grande'Anse, North-East, West, North-West, SULAWESI UTARA, SUMATERA UTARA, KALIMANTAN UTARA, JAWA BARAT, NUSA TENGGARA BARAT, NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR, SULAWESI SELATAN, JAMBI, JAWA TIMUR, KALIMANTAN SELATAN, BALI, BANTEN, JAWA TENGAH, RIAU, SUMATERA BARAT, KEPULAUAN RIAU, PAPUA, SULAWESI BARAT, BENGKULU, MALUKU UTARA, DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA, KALIMANTAN BARAT, KALIMANTAN TENGAH, PAPUA BARAT, SUMATERA SELATAN, MALUKU, KEPULAUAN BANGKA BELITUNG, ACEH, DKI JAKARTA, SULAWESI TENGGARA, KALIMANTAN TIMUR, LAMPUNG, GORONTALO, SULAWESI TENGAH, Anbar, Babil, Baghdad, Basrah, Diyala, Dahuk, Erbil, Ninewa, Kerbala, Kirkuk, Missan, Muthanna, Najaf, Qadissiya, Salah al-Din, Sulaymaniyah, Thi-Qar, Wassit, Coast, North Eastern, Nairobi, Rift Valley, , Eastern, Central, Nyanza, Attapeu, Bokeo, Bolikhamxai, Champasack, Houaphan, Khammouan, Louangphabang, Louangnamtha, Oudomxai, Phongsaly, Salavan, Savannakhet, Sekong, Vientiane Capital, Vientiane, Xaignabouly, Xiengkhouang, Akkar, Mount Lebanon, Baalbek-El Hermel, Beirut, Bekaa, El Nabatieh, Nimba, Grand Kru, Grand Cape Mount, Gbarpolu, Grand Bassa, Rivercess, Montserrado, River Gee, Lofa, Bomi, Bong, Sinoe, Maryland, Margibi, Grand Gedeh, East, North Central, Uva, Western, Sabaragamuwa, Southern, Northern, North Western, Kidal, Gao, Tombouctou, Bamako, Kayes, Koulikoro, Mopti, Segou, Sikasso, Yangon, Rakhine, Shan (North), Kayin, Kachin, Shan (South), Mon, Tanintharyi, Mandalay, Kayah, Shan (East), Chin, Magway, Sagaing, Zambezia, Cabo_Delgado, Tete, Manica, Sofala, Maputo, Gaza, Niassa, Inhambane, Maputo City, Nampula, Hodh Ech Chargi, Hodh El Gharbi, Brakna, Adrar, Assaba, Guidimakha, Gorgol, Trarza, Tagant, Dakhlet-Nouadhibou, Nouakchott, Tiris-Zemmour, Central Region, Southern Region, Northern Region, Tillaberi, Tahoua, Agadez, Zinder, Dosso, Niamey, Maradi, Diffa, Abia, Borno, Yobe, Katsina, Kano, Kaduna, Gombe, Jigawa, Kebbi, Oyo, Sokoto, Zamfara, Lagos, Adamawa, Cordillera Administrative region, Region XIII, Region VI, Region V, Region III, Autonomous region in Muslim Mindanao, Region IV-A, Region VIII, Region VII, Region X, Region II, Region IV-B, Region XII, Region XI, Region I, National Capital region, Region IX, North Darfur, Blue Nile, Nile, Eastern Darfur, West Kordofan, Gedaref, West Darfur, North Kordofan, South Kordofan, Kassala, Khartoum, White Nile, South Darfur, Red Sea, Sennar, Al Gezira, Central Darfur, Tambacounda, Diourbel, Ziguinchor, Kaffrine, Dakar, Saint Louis, Fatick, Kolda, Louga, Kaolack, Kedougou, Matam, Thies, Sedhiou, Shabelle Hoose, Juba Hoose, Bay, Banadir, Shabelle Dhexe, Gedo, Hiraan, Woqooyi Galbeed, Awdal, Bari, Juba Dhexe, Togdheer, Nugaal, Galgaduud, Bakool, Sanaag, Mudug, Sool, Warrap, Unity, Jonglei, Northern Bahr el Ghazal, Upper Nile, Central Equatoria, Western Bahr el Ghazal, Eastern Equatoria, Western Equatoria, Lakes, Aleppo, Dar'a, Quneitra, Homs, Deir-ez-Zor, Damascus, Ar-Raqqa, Al-Hasakeh, Hama, As-Sweida, Rural Damascus, Tartous, Idleb, Lattakia, Ouaddai, Salamat, Wadi Fira, Sila, Ennedi Est, Batha, Tibesti, Logone Oriental, Logone Occidental, Guera, Hadjer Lamis, Lac, Mayo Kebbi Est, Chari Baguirmi, Ennedi Ouest, Borkou, Tandjile, Mandoul, Moyen Chari, Mayo Kebbi Ouest, Kanem, Barh El Gazal, Ndjaména, Al Dhale'e, Aden, Al Bayda, Al Maharah, Lahj, Al Jawf, Raymah, Al Hudaydah, Hajjah, Amran, Shabwah, Dhamar, Ibb, Sana'a, Al Mahwit, Marib, Hadramaut, Sa'ada, Amanat Al Asimah, Socotra, Taizz, Abyan

The USD/BRL exchange rate rose to 5.5573 on July 11, 2025, up 0.46% from the previous session. Over the past month, the Brazilian Real has weakened 0.37%, and is down by 2.35% over the last 12 months. Brazilian Real - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

Abstract

Currency exchange rate is an important metric to inform economic policy but traditional sources are often produced with delay during crises and only at an aggregate level. This may poorly reflect the actual rate trends in rural or poverty-stricken areas, where large populations reside in fragile situations. This data set includes currency exchange rate estimates and is intended to help gain insight in price developments beyond what can be formally measured by traditional methods. The estimates are generated using a machine-learning approach that imputes ongoing subnational price surveys, often with accuracy similar to direct measurement of prices. The data set provides new opportunities to investigate local price dynamics in areas where populations are sensitive to localized price shocks and where traditional data are not available.

Geographic coverage notes

The data cover the following sub-national areas: SAHEL, CASCADES, SUD-OUEST, EST, BOUCLE DU MOUHOUN, CENTRE-NORD, PLATEAU-CENTRAL, HAUTS-BASSINS, CENTRE, NORD, CENTRE-SUD, CENTRE-OUEST, CENTRE-EST, Market Average

Graph and download economic data for Mexican Pesos to U.S. Dollar Spot Exchange Rate (EXMXUS) from Nov 1993 to Jun 2025 about Mexico, exchange rate, currency, rate, and USA.