The EUR/USD exchange rate rose to 1.1590 on August 1, 2025, up 1.48% from the previous session. Over the past month, the Euro US Dollar Exchange Rate - EUR/USD has weakened 1.76%, but it's up by 6.24% over the last 12 months. Euro US Dollar Exchange Rate - EUR/USD - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on August of 2025.

The euro-to-dollar exchange rate fluctuated significantly in 2022, reaching its lowest recorded value since 2008 during that time. Figures were different later in the year, however, with a rate of 1.16 USD recorded at the end of July 29, 2025. The average (standardized) measure is based on the calculation of many observations throughout the period in question. It is therefore different from an annual measure at a point, which reflects concrete values as of end of the year.EstablishmentThe euro, which was established in 1992, introduced in non-physical form in 1999 and finally rolled out in 2002, is used by 19 of the 27 member states of the European Union. This group of countries is otherwise known as the eurozone or euro area. By 2018, the total value of euro currency in circulation was almost 1.2 trillion euros, or over 3.4 thousand euros per capita.Euro to USDBetween 2001 and 2008, the average annual exchange rate of the euro to the U.S. dollar noted a steep increase. In 2008, the euro to U.S. dollar annual average exchange rate was equal to 1.47, which meant that one euro could buy 1.47 U.S. dollars. By 2019, this value had decreased overall, to a value of 1.12 which meant that one euro could buy 1.12 U.S. dollars. Similar dynamics in the euro to U.S. dollar exchange rate were also reflected in the monthly exchange rate recently.

Interactive historical chart showing the daily Euro - U.S. Dollar (EURUSD) exchange rate back to 1999.

The USD to EUR exchange rate in 2022 will be roughly 30 percent higher than it was in 2012, revealing a very strong dollar against the euro. The value of 0.86 euros per dollar was noticeably higher than the 2016 peak of 0.95 euros per dollar, but still above the price before the Eurozone Crisis. This started in 2009 and was caused by the difficulties of several European countries with repaying government debt.What does the exchange rate mean?At any single point, an exchange rate is simply a measure of the value of one currency in terms of another. However, when the exchange rate shifts, one currency gets 'stronger' and the other 'weaker'. This is particularly important in international trade. A strong currency makes imports cheaper, so one could expect the trade balance of a country with a strong currency to decrease. In such a way, a strong currency would hurt a country with a high trade surplus.Exchange rate investmentsThere is a financial market built around currency fluctuations. The foreign exchange market, or forex market, has a daily turnover of trillions of dollars. This market is critical for international trade, but many investors simply use it to speculate.

A graphic that displays the dollar performance against other currencies reveals that economic developments had mixed results on currency exchanges. The third quarter of 2023 marked a period of disinflation in the euro area, while China's projected growth was projected to go up. The United States economy was said to have a relatively strong performance in Q3 2023, although growing capital market interest rate and the resumption of student loan repayments might dampen this growth at the end of 2023. A relatively weak Japanese yen Q3 2023 saw pressure from investors towards Japanese authorities on how they would respond to the situation surrounding the Japanese yen. The USD/JPY rate was close to ***, whereas analysts suspected it should be around ** given the country's purchase power parity. The main reason for this disparity is said to be the differences in central bank interest rates between the United States, the euro area, and Japan. Any future aggressive changes from, especially the U.S. Fed might lower those differences. Financial markets responded somewhat disappoint when Japan did not announce major plans to tackle the situation. Potential rent decreases in 2024 Central bank rates peak in 2023, although it is expected that some of these will decline in early 2024. That said, analysts expect overall policies will remain restrictive. For example, the Bank of England's interest rate remained unchanged at **** percent in Q3 2023. It is believed the United Kingdom's central bank will ease its interest rate in 2024 but less than either the U.S. Fed or the European Central Bank. This should be a positive development for the pound compared to either the euro or the dollar.

Data Source: This dataset was sourced from Yahoo Finance (finance.yahoo.com). Historical Time Period: The dataset covers historical currency exchange rate data for the USD/EUR currency pair from January 1, 2021, to September 30, 2023. Currency Pair: The currency pair being tracked in this dataset is USD/EUR, where USD represents the United States Dollar and EUR represents the Euro. Columns in the Dataset:

Date: This column represents the date when the currency exchange rate data was recorded. It covers the entire time period from January 1, 2021, to September 30, 2023.

Open: This column displays the opening exchange rate at the beginning of each trading day within the specified time frame. It indicates the starting rate for USD/EUR.

High: This column records the highest exchange rate observed during each trading day within the time frame. It shows the peak value reached by USD/EUR on each day.

Low: The "Low" column indicates the lowest exchange rate observed during each trading day within the given time period. It represents the lowest value of USD/EUR on each day.

Close: This column represents the closing exchange rate at the end of each trading day within the specified date range. It shows the final rate for USD/EUR on each day.

Adj Close: "Adj Close" represents the adjusted closing price for stocks, accounting for factors like dividends and stock splits.

Volume: The "Volume" column tracks the trading volume, indicating the total number of USD and EUR units traded on each trading day during the time period. It provides insights into the level of trading activity for the USD/EUR currency pair.

This dataset is valuable for analyzing historical trends and fluctuations in the USD/EUR exchange rate over the specified time frame, which can be useful for various financial and analytical purposes.

Key information about Germany Exchange Rate against USD

• Germany Exchange Rate against USD averaged 0.920 (USD/EUR) in May 2023, compared with 0.912 USD/EUR in the previous month.
• Germany Exchange Rate against USD data is updated monthly, available from Jan 1957 to May 2023.
• The data reached an all-time high of 2.147 in Feb 1961 and a record low of 0.635 in Jul 2008.

CEIC extends history for monthly average Exchange Rate against USD. Federal Reserve Board provides average Exchange Rate against USD. Germany joined the Euro zone on January 1st, 1999 with fixed conversion rate of 1 EUR = 1.95583 DEM. Exchange Rate against USD prior to January 1999 is re-calculated using the fixed conversion rate. Exchange Rate against USD prior to January 1971 is sourced from the International Monetary Fund.


Key information about Germany Exchange Rate against USD

• In the latest reports, Germany Short Term Interest Rate: Month End: EURIBOR: 3 Months was reported at -0.573 % pa in Nov 2021.
• Its Long Term Interest Rate (Long Term Interest Rate: Month Avg: Germany: ECB Harmonised ) was reported at 2.340 % pa in May 2023.
• The cash rate (Policy Rate: Month End: Main Refinancing Operations) was set at 3.750 % pa in May 2023.

The Euro to Australian exchange rate history reveals a peak in March 2020 before declining well until mid-2022. Exchange rates fluctuate against each other constantly. As of July 29, 2025, the exchange rate was valued at 1.78 Australian dollars per euro. The rate at which one currency performs against another depends on the demand that it generates at any given time. Exchange rates are affected by several factors, including international trade, tourism, and geopolitical tensions.Euro gains strength against the Brexit PoundOne good example of geopolitical risks negatively impacting the strength of a currency is to look at the British Pound post Brexit referendum. The average annual exchange rate of the Euro to GBP increased significantly between 2015 and 2018.The Euro vs. the worldSince 2016, the euro has performed well against various other currencies. The Euro to U.S. dollar had seen its annual average exchange rate increase by 0.07 between 2016 and 2018, after slightly decreasing in 2019. Against the Indian Rupee, the Euro had performed even better, with the average annual exchange rate equaling 78.84 in 2019.

The official currency of Germany is the Euro. Euro Exchange Rate - EUR/USD - Germany - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on August of 2025.

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Foreign Exchange Market Size 2025-2029

The foreign exchange market size is forecast to increase by USD 582 billion, at a CAGR of 10.6% between 2024 and 2029.

The Foreign Exchange Market is segmented by type (reporting dealers, financial institutions, non-financial customers), trade finance instruments (currency swaps, outright forward and FX swaps, FX options), trading platforms (electronic trading, over-the-counter (OTC), mobile trading), and geography (North America: US, Canada; Europe: Germany, Switzerland, UK; Middle East and Africa: UAE; APAC: China, India, Japan; South America: Brazil; Rest of World). This segmentation reflects the market's global dynamics, driven by institutional trading, increasing digital adoption through electronic trading and mobile trading, and regional economic activities, with APAC markets like India and China showing significant growth alongside traditional hubs like the US and UK.
The market is experiencing significant shifts driven by the escalating trends of urbanization and digitalization. These forces are creating 24x7 trading opportunities, enabling greater accessibility and convenience for market participants. However, the market's dynamics are not without challenges. The uncertainty of future exchange rates poses a formidable obstacle for businesses and investors alike, necessitating robust risk management strategies. As urbanization continues to expand and digital technologies reshape the trading landscape, market players must adapt to remain competitive. One significant trend is the increasing use of money transfer agencies, venture capital investments, and mutual funds in foreign exchange transactions. Companies seeking to capitalize on these opportunities must navigate the challenges effectively, ensuring they stay abreast of exchange rate fluctuations and implement agile strategies to mitigate risk.
The ability to adapt and respond to these market shifts will be crucial for success in the evolving market.

What will be the Size of the Foreign Exchange Market during the forecast period?

Explore in-depth regional segment analysis with market size data - historical 2019-2023 and forecasts 2025-2029 - in the full report.
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In the dynamic and intricate realm of the market, entities such as algorithmic trading, order book, order management systems, and liquidity risk intertwine, shaping the ever-evolving market landscape. The market's continuous unfolding is characterized by the integration of various components, including sentiment analysis, Fibonacci retracement, mobile trading, and good-for-the-day orders. Market activities are influenced by factors like political stability, monetary policy, and market liquidity, which in turn impact economic growth and trade settlement. Technical analysis, with its focus on chart patterns and moving averages, plays a crucial role in informing trading decisions. The market's complexity is further amplified by the presence of entities like credit risk, counterparty risk, and operational risk.

Central bank intervention, order execution, clearing and settlement, and trade confirmation are essential components of the market's infrastructure, ensuring a seamless exchange of currencies. Geopolitical risk, currency correlation, and inflation rates contribute to currency volatility, necessitating hedging strategies and risk management. Market risk, interest rate differentials, and commodity currencies influence trading strategies, while cross-border payments and brokerage services facilitate international trade. The ongoing evolution of the market is marked by the emergence of advanced trading platforms, automated trading, and real-time data feeds, enabling traders to make informed decisions in an increasingly interconnected and complex global economy.

How is this Foreign Exchange Industry segmented?

The foreign exchange industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Type

  Reporting dealers
  Financial institutions
  Non-financial customers


Trade Finance Instruments

  Currency swaps
  Outright forward and FX swaps
  FX options


Trading Platforms

  Electronic Trading
  Over-the-Counter (OTC)
  Mobile Trading


Geography

  North America

    US
    Canada


  Europe

    Germany
    Switzerland
    UK


  Middle East and Africa

    UAE


  APAC

    China
    India
    Japan


  South America

    Brazil


  Rest of World (ROW)

By Type Insights

The reporting dealers segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

The market is a dynamic and complex ecosystem where various entities interplay to manage currency risks and facilitate international trade. Reporting dealers, as key participants,

The pound to euro history reveals that exchange rates in 2022 were not as low as they were during 2008 or since the Brexit referendum. Since the United Kingdom (UK) held a referendum on its European Union membership in June 2016, the British pound (GBP) weakened against the euro. From a high of 1.43 at the end of November 2015, the GBP to EUR exchange rate has remained below 1.2 since July 2016, sitting at 1.11 as of October 2020. By July 29, 2025, values had reached 1.15 euros per pound. The euro to pound exchange rate can be found on a different page.Hitting UK citizens' pocketsIt is not just European holidaymakers that are hit when the British pound to Euro exchange rate falls. The average UK consumer also feels the pinch as inflation rates often rise to cover the shortfall of the pound. When the inflation rate rises, the price of imported goods goes up and the consumer ends up paying more. GBP to U.S. dollarSince 2016's referendum, the British pound (GBP) fell across the exchange. The GBP's fall against the Euro was also reflected against the U.S. dollar where the exchange rate in May 2016 (pre-referendum) of 1.46 dollars to the pound has fallen significantly.

Key information about Italy Exchange Rate against USD

• Italy Exchange Rate against USD averaged 0.923 (USD/EUR) in Jun 2023, compared with 0.920 USD/EUR in the previous month.
• Italy Exchange Rate against USD data is updated monthly, available from Jan 1957 to Jun 2023.
• The data reached an all-time high of 1.173 in Oct 2000 and a record low of 0.292 in Sep 1973.

CEIC extends history for monthly average Exchange Rate against USD. Federal Reserve Board provides average Exchange Rate against USD. Italy joined the Euro zone on January 1st, 1999 with fixed conversion rate of 1 EUR = 1936.27 ITL. Exchange Rate against USD prior to January 1999 is re-calculated using the fixed conversion rate. Exchange Rate against USD prior to January 1970 is sourced from the International Monetary Fund.


Key information about Italy Exchange Rate against USD

• In the latest reports, Italy Short Term Interest Rate: Month End: EURIBOR: 3 Months was reported at -0.573 % pa in Nov 2021.
• Its Long Term Interest Rate (Long Term Interest Rate: Month Avg: Italy: ECB Harmonised ) was reported at 4.310 % pa in May 2023.
• The cash rate (Policy Rate: Month End: Main Refinancing Operations) was set at 4.000 % pa in Jun 2023.

One euro in 2022 was worth less Indian rupees than in 2021, with exchange rates reaching values close to 2018 or 2019. This is according to a comparison between average monthly and daily exchange rates. As of July 29, 2025, one euro was worth 100.46 Indian rupees. The average, or standardized, measure is based on many observations throughout the period in question. This is different from an annual measure that denotes concrete values as of the end of the year.EstablishmentThe euro, which was established in 1992, introduced in non-physical form in 1999, and finally rolled out in 2002, is used by 19 of the 27 member states of the European Union. This group of 19 countries is otherwise known as the eurozone or euro area. By 2018, the total value of euro currency in circulation was almost 1.2 trillion euros, or over 3.4 thousand euros per capita.Euro to Indian rupeeBetween the years 2001 and 2014, the average annual exchange rate of the euro to the Indian rupee noted an overall increase. In 2014, the euro to Indian rupee annual average exchange rate was equal to 81.04, which meant that one euro could buy 81.04 Indian rupees. By 2019, this value had fluctuated to a value of 78.84, which meant that one euro could buy 78.84 Indian rupees. A similar pattern of fluctuation can be seen with the euro against the U.S. dollar.

One United States dollar was worth over ****** Indonesian rupiah in May 2024, the highest value in a comparison of over 50 different currencies worldwide. All countries and territories shown here are based on the Big Mac Index - a measurement of how much a single Big Mac is worth across different areas in the world. This exchange rate comparison reveals a strong position of the dollar in Asia and Latin America. Note, though, that several of the top currencies shown here do not rank among the most traded. The quarterly U.S. dollar exchange rate against the ten biggest forex currencies only contains the Korean won and the Japanese yen.

Foreign Exchange Market Outlook

The foreign exchange market, or forex market, is projected to experience robust growth over the coming years, with the market size anticipated to increase from approximately USD 2.4 trillion in 2023 to an estimated USD 3.5 trillion by 2032, reflecting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.2%. This growth is driven by a combination of factors, including the increasing global trade activities, the rise of digital trading platforms, and the greater participation of retail investors. Furthermore, advancements in technology, particularly in electronic trading platforms, have democratized forex trading, making it more accessible to individual investors and contributing significantly to the market expansion.

One of the primary growth factors for the foreign exchange market is the surge in international trade. As globalization continues to advance, businesses and governments are engaging in cross-border transactions more than ever before, necessitating currency exchanges. The need for hedging against foreign exchange risk is a crucial driver for forex demand, as businesses seek to mitigate the risks associated with currency fluctuations. Additionally, emerging markets are becoming increasingly significant players in global trade, leading to a greater volume of foreign exchange transactions. The increasing economic interdependence among nations has thus considerably bolstered the forex market.

The proliferation of digital trading platforms has also played a pivotal role in the forex market's growth. Innovations in financial technology have revolutionized trading environments, making them more efficient and user-friendly. The rise of electronic trading platforms has allowed for seamless transactions and real-time exchange rate monitoring, attracting a larger number of individual investors to the market. This technological enhancement has not only increased market liquidity but has also improved transaction speed and accuracy, thereby increasing the overall appeal of forex trading to a broader audience, including retail investors who were previously sidelined in such markets.

Geopolitical developments and macroeconomic policies have substantial impacts on the foreign exchange market. Government regulations, monetary policies, and international economic agreements can lead to significant currency fluctuations, thus affecting forex trading volumes. Central banks around the world, with their monetary policies, directly influence currency values, impacting the forex market. Political events such as elections, trade wars, and global health crises like the COVID-19 pandemic have demonstrated their potential to create volatility in currency markets, driving up trading volumes as investors seek to capitalize on or hedge against these fluctuations.

The regional outlook for the foreign exchange market highlights varying levels of growth across different geographies. North America leads the market, driven by the presence of major financial institutions and a high level of trading activity. Europe also holds a significant share due to its well-established financial markets and the presence of the Euro, a major global currency. The Asia Pacific region is poised for substantial growth, spurred by the economic rise of countries like China and India, which are increasingly engaging in international trade. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa, although smaller in market size, are expected to witness steady growth as they continue to integrate into the global economy and develop their financial infrastructures.

Type Analysis

The foreign exchange market is categorized by types such as spot, forward, swap, and options, each serving distinct purposes and client needs. Spot transactions, which involve the immediate exchange of currencies at current market rates, constitute a significant portion of forex trading due to their simplicity and liquidity. The ease with which spot trades can be executed provides a straightforward means for participants to engage in the forex market, catering predominantly to retail traders and smaller transactions. The immediacy of spot trading makes it particularly attractive for those seeking to capitalize on short-term currency fluctuations and provides a foundational understanding for many entering the forex market.

Forward contracts represent another critical segment. These are agreements to exchange currencies at a future date at a predetermined rate, providing a hedge against future currency risk. Forward contracts are particularly valuable for corporations and financial institutions that engage in international

Luxembourg LU: GDP: USD: Gross National Income per Capita: Atlas Method data was reported at 70,260.000 USD in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 71,590.000 USD for 2016. Luxembourg LU: GDP: USD: Gross National Income per Capita: Atlas Method data is updated yearly, averaging 30,185.000 USD from Dec 1962 (Median) to 2017, with 56 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 88,240.000 USD in 2008 and a record low of 1,630.000 USD in 1962. Luxembourg LU: GDP: USD: Gross National Income per Capita: Atlas Method data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Luxembourg – Table LU.World Bank: Gross Domestic Product: Nominal. GNI per capita (formerly GNP per capita) is the gross national income, converted to U.S. dollars using the World Bank Atlas method, divided by the midyear population. GNI is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. GNI, calculated in national currency, is usually converted to U.S. dollars at official exchange rates for comparisons across economies, although an alternative rate is used when the official exchange rate is judged to diverge by an exceptionally large margin from the rate actually applied in international transactions. To smooth fluctuations in prices and exchange rates, a special Atlas method of conversion is used by the World Bank. This applies a conversion factor that averages the exchange rate for a given year and the two preceding years, adjusted for differences in rates of inflation between the country, and through 2000, the G-5 countries (France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States). From 2001, these countries include the Euro area, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States.; ; World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; Weighted Average;

In April 2025, the exchange rate of yuan to U.S. dollar was ****. In the past decades, the yuan has undergone a slow liberalization, being increasingly exposed to the international money market. FOREX history of the Renminbi After the Communist Party took control over China, it introduced a unified currency which has since then undergone many changes. During the planned economy, the yuan had a fixed exchange rate. At the time, the currency’s exchange rate was deliberately set high to support the industrial development, which relied on imports. After the country committed to opening its economy, the Renminbi was gradually exposed to the supply and demand of the global FOREX markets. Until 2005, the yuan remained pegged to the U.S. dollar. Currency manipulator, or not? As China manifested its role in the global economy, the country was repeatedly accused of manipulating the value of its currency. Especially, voices from the United States claimed that Beijing would intentionally keep the value of the yuan low. A cheap Renminbi would make products from China more attractive for foreign buyers which in turn would support the country’s export-driven economy. However, currency manipulation is difficult to make out and even harder to prove, which is why no significant actions have been taken.

The US dollar index of February 2025 was higher than it was in 2024, although below the peak in late 2022. This reveals itself in a historical graphic on the past 50 years, measuring the relative strength of the U.S. dollar. This metric is different from other FX graphics that compare the U.S. dollar against other currencies. By July 15, 2025, the DXY index was around 98.01 points. The history of the DXY Index The index shown here – often referred to with the code DXY, or USDX – measures the value of the U.S. dollar compared to a basket of six other foreign currencies. This basket includes the euro, the Swiss franc, the Japanese yen, the Canadian dollar, the British pound, and the Swedish króna. The index was created in 1973, after the arrival of the petrodollar and the dissolution of the Bretton Woods Agreement. Today, most of these currencies remain connected to the United States' largest trade partners. The relevance of the DXY Index The index focuses on trade and the strength of the U.S. dollar against specific currencies. It less on inflation or devaluation, which is measured in alternative metrics like the Big Mac Index. Indeed, as the methodology behind the DXY Index has only been updated once – when the euro arrived in 1999 – some argue this composition is not accurate to the current state of the world. The price development of the U.S. dollar affects many things, including commodity prices in general.

Forex daily volume was nearly *** billion U.S. dollars for the USD currency, an amount ***** times higher than for the euro (EUR). The forex - or foreign exchange market - turnover per day is a figure that is not often measured, only once every three years. No figures are available for 2020, for instance. What figures are available, however, indicate that the USD currency far outweighs that of many other currencies all over the world. What is the forex market? The forex market is based on the fluctuations in the value of currency interest rates. For example, the U.S. dollar performs differently against other major currencies. If one can properly predict these fluctuations, they can buy a weaker currency with a stronger one. After the currencies rebalance, the original currency will be worth more in terms of the exchange rate, giving the investor a profit. There are many foreign exchange trading services, including many multinational banks which already work in multiple currencies. Other currency trading functions Countries and central banks typically hold foreign currencies. These international reserves help facilitate the transactions in international trade, which is one reason China’s foreign reserves are so high. Countries can buy and sell foreign currencies to maintain a particular exchange rate. This is necessary for currencies which are pegged to another currency, such as the U.S. dollar. However, some countries are accused of exchange rate manipulation to make their exports seem more attractive. Finally, certain currencies are considered safer. Citizens and firms in a country with an unstable currency will buy these currencies to avoid volatility, or even hyperinflation, in their home currency.

The USD/CNY exchange rate fell to 7.1922 on August 1, 2025, down 0.25% from the previous session. Over the past month, the Chinese Yuan has weakened 0.43%, and is down by 0.45% over the last 12 months. Chinese Yuan - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on August of 2025.