Average hourly and weekly wage rate, and median hourly and weekly wage rate by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), type of work, gender, and age group.

As of the first quarter of 2025, wages in the UK's construction services sector grew by approximately 7.5 percent compared with the same quarter of 2023, with wages growing by 5.3 percent overall.

During the current period, tax preparation companies have navigated fluctuating economic conditions with varying success. The onset of COVID-19 triggered a decline in corporate profit, leading many businesses to cut back on outsourced tax services. Such financial pullbacks resulted in a dip in revenue, as companies either opted to utilize in-house tax teams or neglected additional tax services entirely. Regardless, as vaccination rollouts facilitated reopening economies in 2021, consumer spending soared, revitalizing corporate profit and demand for external tax preparers from individuals and businesses. Rising unemployment due to the cooling labor market brought on by high interest rates has recently reduced the number of taxpayers who can afford the industry’s services, causing revenue to slump in 2024. Overall, revenue for tax preparation service companies has grown at a CAGR of 2.9% over the past five years, reaching $14.5 billion in 2025. This includes a 0.9% rise in revenue in that year. Technological advancements have significantly transformed the tax preparation landscape. The advent and integration of artificial intelligence (AI) have streamlined processes, enhancing the efficiency of tax service providers. Specifically, AI-driven software has reduced time spent on tax preparation by automating data analysis, thereby enabling tax professionals to pivot toward more value-added services such as tax planning and customer relationship management. Over time, this will reduce wage costs and boost profit. Despite these advancements, there's been a notable rise in electronic filing, posing a threat to traditional tax preparers as more software companies market user-friendly tax solutions directly to consumers. However, major companies have adapted by incorporating these technological tools into their offerings, aiming to provide more comprehensive services. Looking ahead, tax preparation businesses are poised to experience moderate growth amid shifting economic conditions. As the US economy is expected to rebound gradually from current financial challenges, GDP and disposable income are projected to grow, fostering demand for professional tax services. Yet, ongoing competition from digital solutions, coupled with potential changes in tax legislation under the new administration, could shape the industry's trajectory. Overall, revenue for tax preparation service businesses in the US is forecast to creep upward at a CAGR of 1.1% in the next five years, reaching $15.3 billion in 2030.

Fixed Income Asset Management Market Outlook

The global fixed income asset management market size was valued at approximately USD 5.7 trillion in 2023 and is projected to grow to USD 9.3 trillion by 2032, expanding at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.5% over the forecast period. The growth of this market is primarily driven by the increasing demand for stable and predictable returns in an uncertain economic environment.

One of the significant growth factors for the fixed income asset management market is the aging global population. As more individuals approach retirement age, the demand for fixed income investments that offer stable returns and lower risk compared to equities is increasing. Retirees and near-retirees often prioritize capital preservation and income generation, which fixed income products are well-suited to provide. This demographic trend is particularly prominent in developed countries but is also becoming more relevant in emerging markets as their populations age and accumulate wealth.

Another crucial growth driver is the rising interest rate environment. As central banks around the world shift towards tightening monetary policies to combat inflation, interest rates are gradually increasing. Higher interest rates make newly issued bonds more attractive to investors due to their higher yields. This situation creates opportunities for fixed income asset managers to attract new investments and cater to clients looking for better returns in a higher interest rate environment. Additionally, higher yields can enhance the overall performance of fixed income portfolios, making them more appealing to both institutional and retail investors.

The increasing complexity and diversity of fixed income products is also contributing to market growth. The fixed income market has evolved to include a wide range of instruments beyond traditional government and corporate bonds. Products such as mortgage-backed securities, municipal bonds, and various structured financial instruments offer different risk-return profiles and investment opportunities. This diversification allows asset managers to tailor portfolios to meet specific client needs and preferences, thereby attracting a broader investor base. The development of innovative fixed income products continues to drive growth in this market by expanding the range of investment options available.

In the realm of private equity, the PE Fund Management Fee plays a crucial role in shaping the investment landscape. These fees are typically charged by fund managers to cover the operational costs of managing the fund, including research, administration, and portfolio management. The structure of these fees can vary, often comprising a management fee based on the committed capital and a performance fee tied to the fund's returns. Understanding the intricacies of these fees is essential for investors, as they can significantly impact the net returns on their investments. As private equity continues to grow as an asset class, the transparency and justification of management fees are becoming increasingly important to investors seeking to maximize their returns while ensuring alignment of interests with fund managers.

From a regional perspective, North America remains the largest market for fixed income asset management, driven by the presence of a well-established financial industry, a large pool of institutional investors, and a high level of individual wealth. However, the Asia Pacific region is expected to exhibit the highest growth rate during the forecast period. Rapid economic growth, increasing financial literacy, and a burgeoning middle class are driving demand for fixed income investments in countries such as China and India. Additionally, regulatory reforms aimed at developing local bond markets and attracting foreign investment are further propelling the market in this region.

Asset Type Analysis

The fixed income asset management market can be categorized by asset type into government bonds, corporate bonds, municipal bonds, mortgage-backed securities, and others. Each of these asset types offers unique characteristics and appeals to different segments of investors, contributing to the overall growth and diversification of the market.

Government bonds are one of the most significant segments in the fixed income market. Issued by national governments, these bonds are considered low-risk investments due to the backing of the issuing g

Comprehensive salary and compensation data for finance professionals in singapore

Coding Bootcamp Income-Share Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global Coding Bootcamp Income-Share market size reached USD 492 million in 2024, reflecting a robust expansion driven by increasing demand for alternative education financing solutions. The market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 12.7% from 2025 to 2033, reaching a forecasted value of USD 1.44 billion by 2033. This growth is primarily fueled by the rising prominence of technology-driven careers and the growing popularity of income-share agreements (ISAs) as a flexible and accessible payment model for coding bootcamps worldwide.

A key growth factor for the Coding Bootcamp Income-Share market is the escalating demand for skilled tech professionals, particularly in fields such as software development, data science, and cybersecurity. As traditional higher education becomes increasingly expensive and less aligned with fast-evolving industry requirements, coding bootcamps have emerged as a viable alternative, offering intensive, practical training in a condensed timeframe. The income-share agreement model further enhances bootcamp accessibility by allowing students to defer tuition payments until they secure employment, thereby reducing financial barriers and attracting a broader, more diverse talent pool. This democratization of tech education is expected to continue propelling market growth in the coming years.

Another significant driver is the growing acceptance of non-traditional credentials among employers, especially in the tech sector. Companies are increasingly prioritizing practical skills and hands-on experience over formal degrees, which aligns perfectly with the outcomes-focused approach of coding bootcamps. The income-share agreement model aligns incentives between students and institutions, ensuring that bootcamps are motivated to deliver high-quality education that leads to gainful employment. As a result, the market is seeing increased participation from both students and employers, with corporates even partnering directly with bootcamps to upskill their workforce or source new talent. This trend is expected to intensify as the digital economy continues to expand.

The proliferation of online learning platforms and advancements in educational technology have also played a pivotal role in shaping the Coding Bootcamp Income-Share market. Online and hybrid bootcamp formats have made high-quality tech education accessible to learners regardless of their geographic location, thereby expanding the market's reach to underserved regions. Additionally, the flexibility offered by online programs caters to working professionals and career changers who require adaptable learning schedules. The integration of real-time feedback, mentorship, and project-based assessments further enhances the value proposition of these programs, making them increasingly attractive to prospective students and employers alike.

From a regional perspective, North America currently dominates the Coding Bootcamp Income-Share market, accounting for the largest share of global revenues in 2024. This is primarily due to the region's mature tech ecosystem, high demand for skilled professionals, and widespread adoption of innovative education financing models. Europe follows closely, driven by a growing emphasis on digital skills and supportive regulatory frameworks. Meanwhile, Asia Pacific is emerging as a high-growth region, fueled by rapid digital transformation, a young population, and increasing investment in tech education. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are also witnessing steady growth, albeit from a smaller base, as awareness of coding bootcamps and ISAs continues to rise.

Program Type Analysis

The Program Type segment of the Coding Bootcamp Income-Share market is categorized into full-time, part-time, online, and in-person programs. Full-time bootcamps have traditionally been the cornerstone of the market, offering immersive, accelerated learning experiences designed for individuals seeking rapid career transitions. These programs are particularly popular among recent graduates and unemployed individuals who can commit to intensive study schedules. The income-share agreement model complements full-time programs by alleviating upfront financial burdens, thereby attracting a wider demographic of students who may not have the means to pay tuition in advance.

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In the last five years, the industry has experienced countervailing trends. For most of the period, rising assets under management (AUM) due to rising asset prices and growing disposable income have increased the base of assets industry operators charge fees on. Increased investor preference for passive asset management, including through exchange-traded funds (ETFs), has driven expenses charged for the management of assets down during the period. Financial markets play an integral role in AUM growth and, consequently, base and performance fees earned by managers. Growth in financial markets was supported by vital macroeconomic variables rising during the majority of the current period, including employment and disposable income levels. Market indices, such as the S&P 500, demonstrated strong growth as these variables increased. In addition, interest rates have climbed significantly over the past five years, which has increased interest income from fixed-income securities such as bonds, although interest rates have been slashed in the latter part of the current period. As interest rates fall, investment funds will shift from fixed-income securities into equities. Portfolio management and investment advice revenue has grown at a CAGR of 6.4% to $579.1 billion over the past five years, including a 3.4% rise in 2025 alone. However, profit has fallen slightly to 29.9% of revenue in the same year. Portfolio management and investment advice revenue are expected to climb at a CAGR of 2.7% to $661.3 billion over the five years to 2030. The beginning of the outlook period is expected to be marred by the anticipated rate cuts by the Federal Reserve as inflationary pressures continue to ease. The FED will monitor inflation, employment, potential tariffs and other economic factors before cutting interest rates at the onset of the outlook period. Customer preferences towards low to zero fees will persist, forcing the portfolio management and investment advising industry to change.

The US asset management market, a significant segment of the global industry, is experiencing robust growth, driven by several key factors. The increasing affluence of the population, coupled with a growing awareness of the importance of long-term financial planning and retirement security, fuels demand for professional investment management services. Technological advancements, particularly the rise of robo-advisors and algorithmic trading, are streamlining investment processes and making them more accessible to a broader range of investors. Furthermore, the increasing complexity of financial markets and the need for sophisticated risk management strategies are driving demand for specialized expertise offered by large asset management firms. While regulatory changes and macroeconomic uncertainty present challenges, the market's fundamental strength remains intact. The market's segmentation reveals diverse opportunities. Retail investors continue to be a major segment, although institutional investors such as pension funds and insurance companies play a crucial role, particularly in driving higher asset-under-management (AUM) figures. Within asset classes, equity remains dominant, albeit with a growing interest in alternative investments like private equity and hedge funds, reflecting a search for higher returns and diversification. Competition is fierce, with major players like BlackRock, JP Morgan Asset Management, and Fidelity Investments vying for market share. However, niche players focusing on specific asset classes or client segments are also finding success. Considering the provided CAGR of 18.67%, and a 2025 market size of $48.22 billion, we can project significant expansion over the forecast period. This growth is expected to be supported by continued innovation within the industry and the enduring need for professional investment management. Recent developments include: In August 2023, BlackRock Inc., a prominent international credit asset manager, acquired Kreos. Kreos, renowned for its specialization in growth and risk-based financing for technology and healthcare enterprises, enhances BlackRock's market presence. This acquisition aligns with BlackRock's strategic objective of broadening its private-market investment portfolio., In January 2023, Fidelity Investments acquired Shoobx, a leading provider of automated equity management and financing software. Shoobx caters to private companies across various growth stages, including IPOs.. Key drivers for this market are: Rapid Growth in Advanced Technologies such as AI, IoT, Etc.,, Increase in Wealth of HNI's is Driving the Market. Potential restraints include: Rapid Growth in Advanced Technologies such as AI, IoT, Etc.,, Increase in Wealth of HNI's is Driving the Market. Notable trends are: US Portfolio Management Systems Market Set for Robust Growth.

IntroductionRegulating multiple job holding (MJH) among health professionals is challenging for many health systems. The effectiveness of different MJH policy reforms depends on the behavioural responses of different groups of health professionals but little is known about their preferences and likely reactions.AimInvestigate the preferences of public sector medical doctors, professional nurses, and rehabilitation therapists for different MJH regulations in two South African provinces.Materials and methodsWe developed a novel discrete choice experiment (DCE) to evaluate the preferences of health professionals for jobs with varying MJH policy interventions. The DCE attributes included restrictive regulations (banning MJH) versus reward-oriented policies (increased public sector salaries, expanded overtime, improved clinical practice environment, and better hospital management). We produced an unlabelled DCE using an efficient design and administered it to a representative sample of health professionals. Generalized multinomial logit models were used for analysis. We also investigated group heterogeneity, calculated marginal willingness to pay and estimated uptake for different policies.Results1387 participants completed the DCE. The doctors, nurses and rehabilitation therapists were strongly opposed to banning MJH, requiring salary increases of 45.7%, 20.0% and 42.8%, respectively, to accept an MJH ban. Increased public sector salaries significantly increased public sector retention. However, non-financial interventions were also influential. Doctors, nurses, and rehabilitation therapists were willing to forgo 57.9%, 54.8%, and 38.9% of their salaries, respectively, for an improved clinical practice environment. Competent hospital management was also important. There was some preference heterogeneity. Nurses had significantly different preferences for certain attributes compared to the other two groups, and professionals currently engaged in MJH were significantly more opposed to banning MJH.ConclusionThis study provides new information on health professional preferences for different MJH regulations. It confirms the importance of non-financial policy interventions in addressing MJH and the need to tailor MJH policy design.

IntroductionRegulating multiple job holding (MJH) among health professionals is challenging for many health systems. The effectiveness of different MJH policy reforms depends on the behavioural responses of different groups of health professionals but little is known about their preferences and likely reactions.AimInvestigate the preferences of public sector medical doctors, professional nurses, and rehabilitation therapists for different MJH regulations in two South African provinces.Materials and methodsWe developed a novel discrete choice experiment (DCE) to evaluate the preferences of health professionals for jobs with varying MJH policy interventions. The DCE attributes included restrictive regulations (banning MJH) versus reward-oriented policies (increased public sector salaries, expanded overtime, improved clinical practice environment, and better hospital management). We produced an unlabelled DCE using an efficient design and administered it to a representative sample of health professionals. Generalized multinomial logit models were used for analysis. We also investigated group heterogeneity, calculated marginal willingness to pay and estimated uptake for different policies.Results1387 participants completed the DCE. The doctors, nurses and rehabilitation therapists were strongly opposed to banning MJH, requiring salary increases of 45.7%, 20.0% and 42.8%, respectively, to accept an MJH ban. Increased public sector salaries significantly increased public sector retention. However, non-financial interventions were also influential. Doctors, nurses, and rehabilitation therapists were willing to forgo 57.9%, 54.8%, and 38.9% of their salaries, respectively, for an improved clinical practice environment. Competent hospital management was also important. There was some preference heterogeneity. Nurses had significantly different preferences for certain attributes compared to the other two groups, and professionals currently engaged in MJH were significantly more opposed to banning MJH.ConclusionThis study provides new information on health professional preferences for different MJH regulations. It confirms the importance of non-financial policy interventions in addressing MJH and the need to tailor MJH policy design.

The Cash Flow Forecast Service market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing demand from contractors, small businesses, and sole traders seeking improved financial planning and management. The market's expansion is fueled by several key factors. Firstly, the rising complexity of business operations and the need for accurate financial projections are compelling businesses to invest in professional cash flow forecasting services. Secondly, the availability of sophisticated software and analytical tools has simplified the process and made it more accessible to a wider range of businesses. Thirdly, increased regulatory scrutiny and stricter lending requirements are pushing businesses to demonstrate robust financial health, making cash flow forecasting a critical necessity. The market is segmented by application (contractors, sole traders, small businesses, others) and by service type (predicting income, estimating outgoings). While the precise market size in 2025 is unavailable, a reasonable estimate, considering the presence of numerous established and emerging players, along with the overall growth of the accounting and finance technology sectors, suggests a market value exceeding $500 million. This value is expected to exhibit a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) exceeding 15% throughout the forecast period of 2025-2033. Geographic segments are widely distributed, with North America and Europe leading in market share, but Asia-Pacific demonstrates significant potential for future expansion based on increasing digital adoption and entrepreneurial activities within the region. Key restraints to growth include a possible reliance on manual processes for smaller firms and a potential lack of awareness about the benefits of professional cash flow forecasting services in certain markets. The competitive landscape features a mixture of large accounting firms (like Aston Shaw Accountants and Moore Stephens Da Hua CPAs) offering comprehensive financial services, alongside specialized technology-focused providers and smaller, boutique firms. This diversity fosters innovation and ensures the availability of services catering to varied business needs and budgets. The continued growth of the market hinges on factors such as technological advancements, improved data analytics capabilities, and effective marketing strategies raising awareness among target customer segments. The market is predicted to witness consolidation in the coming years as larger firms acquire smaller players or specialize in niche areas within the broader cash flow forecasting market. The ability to integrate cash flow forecasting with other financial management tools and platforms will become increasingly vital in shaping future market trends and driving growth.

Modelling the impact of different financial and non-financial incentives to counteract a ban on MJH, by professional group.

Sampling Procedure Comment: Non-probability Sample: Quota Sample

Marginal willingness to pay (mWTP), by professional group.

The European asset management market, valued at €33.57 billion in 2025, is projected to experience robust growth, driven by several key factors. The increasing adoption of sophisticated investment strategies by retail investors, pension funds, and insurance companies fuels demand for professional asset management services. A rising affluent population with higher disposable incomes and a growing preference for diversified investment portfolios further contributes to market expansion. Regulatory changes promoting transparency and investor protection are also positively impacting market growth. The market is segmented by client type (retail, pension funds, insurance companies, banks, other institutions), mandate type (investment funds, discretionary mandates), and asset class (equity, fixed income, cash/money market, other asset classes). Leading players like UBS Group, Allianz Global Investors, and BlackRock are strategically positioning themselves to capitalize on market opportunities through mergers and acquisitions, expansion into new asset classes, and technological advancements to enhance service offerings. However, factors such as geopolitical instability, economic downturns, and regulatory scrutiny represent potential restraints to market growth. The UK, Germany, and France represent the largest national markets within Europe, benefitting from established financial infrastructure and a high concentration of institutional investors. The forecast period (2025-2033) anticipates a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.89%, indicating a significant expansion of the European asset management market. This growth will be fueled by ongoing technological innovation within the industry. Increased use of AI-driven portfolio management tools, robo-advisors, and big data analytics will improve investment performance and efficiency. Furthermore, the growing demand for sustainable and responsible investments (SRI) is creating new opportunities for asset managers specializing in ESG (environmental, social, and governance) investing. Competition is expected to intensify as established players and new entrants vie for market share, leading to a more dynamic and innovative market landscape. The market's future success will depend on asset managers' ability to adapt to evolving client needs, embrace technological advancements, and navigate the evolving regulatory environment. Recent developments include: April 2024: SimCorp forged a strategic alliance with Quoniam Asset Management, a prominent quantitative asset manager overseeing assets exceeding EUR 20 billion. This partnership aims to revolutionize SimCorp's investment management operations.April 2024: Lazard, a global frontrunner in active asset management, teamed up with Elaia Partners, a prominent European venture capital firm. Together, they aim to forge a dominant European entity dedicated to investing in technology firms, guiding them from their initial seed stages to public market listings.. Key drivers for this market are: Exchange Traded Funds and Mutual Funds, Technological Advancements. Potential restraints include: Exchange Traded Funds and Mutual Funds, Technological Advancements. Notable trends are: Increasing Pension Funds Fueling the Market.

DCE G-MNL results for the three health professional groups.

DCE G-MNL results for professionals engaged and not engaged in MJH.

The North American fixed income assets market, characterized by a relatively stable CAGR of 1.50%, presents a compelling investment landscape. Driven by factors such as increasing institutional investor participation (particularly from pension funds, insurance companies, and sovereign wealth funds), a growing preference for lower-risk investments amidst economic uncertainty, and the ongoing development of sophisticated fixed-income strategies, the market is poised for continued, albeit moderate, growth. The market's segmentation reveals a diverse range of players, including large financial institutions like The Vanguard Group and Pimco, alongside mutual fund companies and specialized fixed-income funds. While the core fixed-income segment remains dominant, the alternative credit sector is experiencing accelerated growth, attracting investors seeking higher yields in a low-interest-rate environment. This growth, however, is tempered by factors such as regulatory changes impacting the investment strategies of certain players and potential market volatility influencing investor sentiment. The market's concentration in North America, specifically the United States, reflects the region's robust financial infrastructure and its position as a global financial hub. Despite a moderate growth rate, the substantial market size (XX million, assuming a figure based on industry averages for similar markets and the given CAGR would put this in the trillions for 2025) ensures significant investment opportunities. Future projections suggest steady expansion through 2033, driven by continued demand from institutional and retail investors. The diverse range of asset management firms participating underscores the market's complexity and competitive dynamics. A key trend to watch is the increasing adoption of technology and data analytics by asset management firms to improve investment decision-making and portfolio performance. The interplay between these drivers, trends, and restraints will determine the pace and trajectory of growth in the years ahead. Understanding these nuances is crucial for investors and stakeholders looking to navigate this dynamic and significant market. This insightful report provides a deep dive into the North American fixed income assets market, offering a comprehensive analysis of its current state, future trajectory, and key players. With a study period spanning 2019-2033, a base year of 2025, and a forecast period from 2025-2033, this report is an invaluable resource for investors, asset managers, and industry professionals seeking to navigate this dynamic market. The market size is projected to reach billions of dollars by 2033. Note: I cannot provide specific market size figures or link to company websites as that data requires access to paid market research reports. The information below uses the provided framework to structure a report description, but the quantitative data would need to be sourced from a reputable market research firm. Notable trends are: Prominence of HNWIs in Fixed Income Investments in North America.

This statistic shows whether professionals in the financial sector expected their companies to offer salary increases in the United Kingdom (UK) in 2013 and 2014. Approximately 42 percent of respondents in 2013 did not expect a rise, an increase from 38 percent in 2013. However, a bigger share expected a substantial salary increase in 2014 than in 2013: nearly eight percent of respondents expected an increase of 10 to 20 percent (in 2014), compared to five percent of respondents expecting a similar increase in 2013.

Assets Under Management (AUM) Market Outlook

The global assets under management (AUM) market size was valued at approximately $123 trillion in 2023 and is projected to reach around $250 trillion by 2032, reflecting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of about 7.5%. The significant growth of the AUM market is driven by increasing global wealth, rising investor awareness, and technological advancements in wealth management services. Additionally, the growing interest in diversified investment portfolios and the expansion of investment opportunities across various asset classes are crucial factors contributing to the market's robust growth trajectory.

One of the primary growth factors in the AUM market is the continuous increase in global wealth, particularly in emerging economies. As more individuals and institutions accumulate wealth, the demand for professional asset management services rises. This trend is further supported by the increasing number of high-net-worth individuals (HNWIs) and the growing middle class with disposable income to invest. Moreover, the rising awareness and education about financial planning and investment options have encouraged more people to seek professional asset management services to optimize their returns and manage risks effectively.

Technological advancements in the financial sector have also played a significant role in the expansion of the AUM market. The adoption of artificial intelligence, big data analytics, and blockchain technology has revolutionized the asset management industry, making it more efficient, transparent, and accessible. These technologies enable asset managers to provide personalized investment strategies, improve decision-making processes, and reduce operational costs. Furthermore, the rise of robo-advisors has democratized access to asset management services, allowing retail investors to benefit from professional investment guidance at a lower cost.

The diversification of investment portfolios across various asset classes is another key driver of the AUM market's growth. Investors are increasingly looking beyond traditional asset classes like equities and fixed income to explore alternative investments such as real estate, private equity, and hedge funds. This shift is driven by the desire to achieve better risk-adjusted returns and to hedge against market volatility. As a result, asset managers are expanding their offerings to include a wider range of investment options, catering to the evolving preferences of their clients.

Regionally, North America continues to dominate the AUM market, followed by Europe and Asia Pacific. The mature financial markets, high concentration of wealth, and advanced investment infrastructure in North America contribute to its leading position. However, the Asia Pacific region is expected to witness the highest growth rate during the forecast period, driven by rapid economic development, increasing wealth accumulation, and the growing adoption of digital financial services. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa, while currently smaller markets, also present significant growth opportunities due to improving economic conditions and rising investor interest.

Asset Class Analysis

The AUM market is segmented by asset class, including equities, fixed income, real estate, alternatives, cash and cash equivalents, and others. Equities represent a substantial portion of the AUM market, driven by their potential for high returns and the general investor optimism towards stock markets. The increasing global stock market capitalization and the introduction of innovative equity investment products have further boosted the growth of this segment. Additionally, the rising participation of retail investors in stock markets, facilitated by digital trading platforms, has significantly contributed to the expansion of equity assets under management.

Fixed income assets, such as bonds and other debt instruments, form another crucial segment of the AUM market. These investments are typically favored for their relatively stable returns and lower risk compared to equities. The demand for fixed income assets is particularly strong among institutional investors, such as pension funds and insurance companies, which seek to match their long-term liabilities with stable income streams. Moreover, the current low-interest-rate environment in many developed economies has led investors to seek yield in fixed income securities of emergin