Infrastructure industries-including telecommunications, electricity, water, and gas-underwent massive structural changes in the 1990s. During that decade, hundreds of privatization transactions valued at billions of dollars were completed in these sectors in developing and transition economies. While privatization has received the most attention, reforms also included market liberalization, structural changes like unbundling, and the introduction of new laws and regulations. To date, regulations have received far less attention than their potential economic effects warrant, largely due to lack of data. In order to address this problem, the authors set out to compile a comprehensive and consistent dataset through an extensive survey of telecommunications and electricity regulators in developing countries. The authors describe the surveys and the resulting database. The database of telecommunications regulations includes 178 variables on regulatory governance and content in 45 countries. The database of electricity regulations includes 374 variables in 20 countries.

BackgroundMeta-analysis of gene expression array databases has the potential to reveal information about gene function. The identification of gene-gene interactions may be inferred from gene expression information but such meta-analysis is often limited to a single microarray platform. To address this limitation, we developed a gene-centered approach to analyze differential expression across thousands of gene expression experiments and created the CO-Regulation Database (CORD) to determine which genes are correlated with a queried gene.ResultsUsing the GEO and ArrayExpress database, we analyzed over 120,000 group by group experiments from gene microarrays to determine the correlating genes for over 30,000 different genes or hypothesized genes. CORD output data is presented for sample queries with focus on genes with well-known interaction networks including p16 (CDKN2A), vimentin (VIM), MyoD (MYOD1). CDKN2A, VIM, and MYOD1 all displayed gene correlations consistent with known interacting genes.ConclusionsWe developed a facile, web-enabled program to determine gene-gene correlations across different gene expression microarray platforms. Using well-characterized genes, we illustrate how CORD's identification of co-expressed genes contributes to a better understanding a gene's potential function. The website is found at http://cord-db.org.

The data sets provide the structured data from securities offerings pursuant to Regulation A filed with the Commission.

The Product Market Regulation (PMR) dataset, produced by the OECD and the World Bank, measures how public policies influence market competition across various sectors. It assesses regulatory restrictions both economy-wide and in 12 key areas, including electricity, gas, telecom, transport, water, retail, professional services, business start-ups, foreign investment, and governance of public enterprises.

A survey conducted in April and May 2023 found that 60 percent of the companies that do business in the United States find it challenging to track the status of the data privacy legislation and the differences between state laws when preparing for changes in the data privacy laws. The challenge for around 50 percent of the respondents were increasing their budget because of the changes.

The Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (e-CFR) is the codification of the general and permanent rules published in the Federal Register by the executive departments and agencies of the Federal Government. It is divided into 50 titles that represent broad areas subject to Federal regulation. The Electronic Code of Federal Regulations is updated daily. The Electronic Code of Federal Regulations and its accompanying XML data is not yet an official format of the Code of Federal Regulations. Only the PDF and Text versions of the annual Code of Federal Regulations have legal status as parts of the official online format of the Code of Federal Regulations. The XML-structured files are derived from SGML-tagged data and printing codes, which may produce anomalies in display. In addition, the XML data does not yet include image files. Users who require a higher level of assurance may wish to consult the official version of the Code of Federal Regulations or the daily Federal Register on FDsys.gov.

When Congress passes laws, federal agencies implement those laws through regulations. These regulations vary in subject, but include everything from ensuring water is safe to drink to setting health care standards. Regulations.gov is the place where users can find and comment on regulations. The APIs allow for users to find creative ways to present regulatory data. To learn more about the program visit the About Us page.

A collection of documented wind siting ordinances at the state, county, township, and local level throughout the United States. The data were compiled from several sources including, DOE's Wind Exchange Ordinance Database (https://windexchange.energy.gov/policies-incentives), National Conference of State and Legislatures Wind Energy Siting (https://www.ncsl.org/research/energy/state-wind-energy-siting.aspx), and scholarly legal articles. The citations for each ordinance are included in the spreadsheet.

Abstract

The Global Data Regulation Diagnostic provides a comprehensive assessment of the quality of the data governance environment. Diagnostic results show that countries have put in greater effort in adopting enabler regulatory practices than in safeguard regulatory practices. However, for public intent data, enablers for private intent data, safeguards for personal and nonpersonal data, cybersecurity and cybercrime, as well as cross-border data flows. Across all these dimensions, no income group demonstrates advanced regulatory frameworks across all dimensions, indicating significant room for the regulatory development of both enablers and safeguards remains at an intermediate stage: 47 percent of enabler good practices and 41 percent of good safeguard practices are adopted across countries. Under the enabler and safeguard pillars, the diagnostic covers dimensions of e-commerce/e-transactions, enablers further improvement on data governance environment.

The Global Data Regulation Diagnostic is the first comprehensive assessment of laws and regulations on data governance. It covers enabler and safeguard regulatory practices in 80 countries providing indicators to assess and compare their performance. This Global Data Regulation Diagnostic develops objective and standardized indicators to measure the regulatory environment for the data economy across countries. The indicators aim to serve as a diagnostic tool so countries can assess and compare their performance vis-á-vis other countries. Understanding the gap with global regulatory good practices is a necessary first step for governments when identifying and prioritizing reforms.

Geographic coverage

80 countries

Analysis unit

Country

Kind of data

Observation data/ratings [obs]

Sampling procedure

The diagnostic is based on a detailed assessment of domestic laws, regulations, and administrative requirements in 80 countries selected to ensure a balanced coverage across income groups, regions, and different levels of digital technology development. Data are further verified through a detailed desk research of legal texts, reflecting the regulatory status of each country as of June 1, 2020.

Mode of data collection

Mail Questionnaire [mail]

Research instrument

The questionnaire comprises 37 questions designed to determine if a country has adopted good regulatory practice on data governance. The responses are then scored and assigned a normative interpretation. Related questions fall into seven clusters so that when the scores are averaged, each cluster provides an overall sense of how it performs in its corresponding regulatory and legal dimensions. These seven dimensions are: (1) E-commerce/e-transaction; (2) Enablers for public intent data; (3) Enablers for private intent data; (4) Safeguards for personal data; (5) Safeguards for nonpersonal data; (6) Cybersecurity and cybercrime; (7) Cross-border data transfers.

Response rate

100%

The ILO Working Conditions Laws Database provides a picture of the regulatory environment of working time, minimum wages and maternity protection in more than 100 countries around the world. It contains comprehensive legal information, which allows you to conduct customised research on a specific country, to compare the legislation of several countries or regions on a particular subject or to perform searches by text. For selected issues, a historical comparison is possible. The main topics discussed are: - minimum wages; - working time; - maternity protection.

The State Firearm Database catalogs the presence or absence of 134 firearm safety laws in 14 categories covering the 26-year period from 1991 to 2019. The classification system categorizes state firearm provisions using a methodology that both captures differences and maintains a level of comparability between states. Because of this, the database is not the most detailed nor the most comprehensive record of all state firearm policies. Other resources may provide users with a deeper understanding of individual provisions, while this database serves as an efficient way to compare the broad scope of state firearm laws across the country. These provisions covered 14 aspects of state policies, including regulation of the process by which firearm transfers take place, ammunition, firearm possession, firearm storage, firearm trafficking, and liability of firearm manufacturers. In addition, descriptions of the criteria used to code each provision have been provided so that there is transparency in how various law exemptions, exceptions, and other nuances were addressed.

The Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) is the codification of the general and permanent rules published in the Federal Register by the executive departments and agencies of the Federal Government. It is divided into 50 titles that represent broad areas subject to Federal regulation. Each print volume of the CFR is updated once each calendar year, and is issued on a quarterly basis. Bulk data downloads of Code of Federal Regulations files in XML format are available from 1996 to the present, by year, title, and volume. The current XML data set is not yet an official format of the Code of Federal Regulations. Only the PDF and Text versions have legal status as parts of the official online format of the Code of Federal Regulations. The XML-structured files are derived from SGML-tagged data and printing codes, which may produce anomalies in display. In addition, the XML data does not yet include image files. Users who require a higher level of assurance may wish to consult the official version of the Code of Federal Regulations on Govinfo.gov. The FDsys data set includes digitally signed Code of Federal Regulations PDF files, which may be relied upon as evidence in a court of law. See: https://www.govinfo.gov/app/collection/cfr/

Data name: Statistics on the number of laws and regulations included in the national legal database over the years (including obsolete ones).Dataset fields: Year, number of constitutional laws, number of statutes, number of orders, total number of regulations.

As of January 2025, the United States had several federal laws dedicated to data privacy of its citizens. Each of them, though, covers one or a few specific areas of data privacy. The Privacy Act of 1974 controls the data collection and use by federal agencies and was enacted in September 1975. The law regulating data privacy in the healthcare industry, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), was enacted on August 21, 1996. The U.S. federal law protecting the data privacy of individuals under 13 has been active since 1998. The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA), effective since November 1999, protects individuals' financial information privacy. Additionally, several states have developed and implemented online data privacy laws.

The Department of Pesticide Regulation maintains a Surface Water Database (SURF) containing data from a wide variety of environmental monitoring studies designed to test for the presence or absence of pesticides in California surface waters. As part of DPR’s effort to provide public access to pesticide information, this site provides access to data from DPR’s Surface Water Database.

United States US: Regulatory Quality: Estimate data was reported at 1.628 NA in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 1.497 NA for 2016. United States US: Regulatory Quality: Estimate data is updated yearly, averaging 1.532 NA from Dec 1996 (Median) to 2017, with 19 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.761 NA in 2000 and a record low of 1.256 NA in 2015. United States US: Regulatory Quality: Estimate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.World Bank.WGI: Country Governance Indicators. Regulatory Quality captures perceptions of the ability of the government to formulate and implement sound policies and regulations that permit and promote private sector development. Estimate gives the country's score on the aggregate indicator, in units of a standard normal distribution, i.e. ranging from approximately -2.5 to 2.5.

DBTGR provides information on tunicate gene regulation, such as the location of expression, or the identified regulatory elements present in promoter sequences. The database also contains the promoters of homologous genes in multiple species to allow identification of conserved cis elements.

All tables of the ARN database. (XLSX 3574 kb)

NOTE: This data product is no longer being updated. This data product identifies which countries, under APHIS phytosanitary rules, are eligible to export to the United States the fresh fruits and vegetables that are most important in the American diet. Increased trade in fresh fruits and vegetables provides U.S. consumers with a variety of benefits including the possibility of improved nutrition by making these products available year-round. Imports of these products are regulated by USDA's Animal and Plant Health and Inspection Service (APHIS) to reduce the risk of inadvertent entry of pests and diseases that could harm agriculture, public health, navigation, irrigation, natural resources, or the environment. This data product identifies which countries, under APHIS phytosanitary rules, are eligible to export to the United States the fresh fruits and vegetables that are most important in the American diet. Current data represent country eligibility as of June 2012. Previous data represent eligibility in June of 2008 through 2011 and in February of 2007. Data on the absolute and relative importance of these countries in international production and trade, individually and in aggregate, are also included. This data product supports the objectives of the Program for Research on the Economics of Invasive Species (PREISM) under which ERS funded research to improve the economic basis of decisionmaking concerning invasive species issues, policies, and programs between 2003 and 2008.

The average for 2023 based on 193 countries was -0.03 points. The highest value was in Singapore: 2.31 points and the lowest value was in North Korea: -2.39 points. The indicator is available from 1996 to 2023. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.