As of 2010, Christianity was the religion with the most followers worldwide, followed by Islam (Muslims) and Hinduism. In the forty years between 2010 and 2050, it is projected that the landscape of world religions will undergo some noticeable changes, with the number of Muslims almost catching up to Christians. The changes in population sizes of each religious group is largely dependent on demographic development, for example, the rise in the world's Christian population will largely be driven by population growth in Sub-Saharan Africa, while Muslim populations will rise across various regions of Africa and South Asia. As India's population is set to grow while China's goes into decline, this will be reflected in the fact that Hindus will outnumber the unaffiliated by 2050. In fact, India may be home to both the largest Hindu and Muslim populations in the world by the middle of this century.

This study, designed and completed by the Association of Statisticians of American Religious Bodies (ASARB), represents statistics for 149 religious bodies on the number of congregations within each county of the United States. Where available, also included are actual membership (as defined by the religious body) and total adherents figures. Participants included 149 Christian denominations, associations, or communions (including Latter-day Saints and Unitarian/Universalist groups); two specially defined groups of independent Christian churches; Jewish and Islamic totals; and counts of temples for six Eastern religions.

It is important to understand the methodology producing these data and its limitations. While these data contain membership data for many religious groups in the United States, including most of the larger groups, they do not include every group. It is recommended that users read the notes below. Users may also want to refer to a paper by Roger Finke and Christopher P. Scheitle that explains the "adjusted" adherence rates included in the file.

Visit the "/us-religion/sources-for-religious-congregations-membership-data" Target="_blank">frequently asked questions page for more information about the ARDA's religious congregation and membership data.

At the end of 2023, the population of Israel reached almost 9.7 million permanent residents. Jewish residents formed the largest religious group, with just over 7.15 million people. The Muslim population in the country, formed the largest religious minority at over 1.7 million individuals. Conversely, the smallest religious group was that of the Druze with about 151,000 people.

In 2020, around 28.8 percent of the global population were identified as Christian. Around 25.6 percent of the global population identify as Muslims, followed by 14.9 percent of global populations as Hindu. The number of Muslims increased by 347 million, when compared to 2010 data, more than all other religions combined.

The eighteenth of 20 years of International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) surveys in New Zealand by Professor Philip Gendall, Department of Marketing, Massey University.A verbose rundown on topics covered follows.Content: attitudes towards religious practices. Assessment of personal happiness; attitudes towards pre-marital sexual intercourse; attitudes towards committed adultery; attitudes towards homosexual relationships between adults; attitudes towards abortion in case of serious disability or illness of the baby or low income of the family; attitudes towards gender roles in marriage.Trust in institutions (parliament, business and industry, churches and religious organisations, courts and the legal system, schools and the educational system); mobility; attitudes towards the influence of religious leaders on voters and government; attitudes towards the benefits of science and religion (scale: modern science does more harm than good, too much trust in science and not enough in religious faith, religions bring more conflicts than peace, intolerance of people with very strong religious beliefs).Judgement on the power of churches and religious organisations; attitudes towards equal rights for all religious groups in the country and respect for all religions; acceptance of persons from a different religion or with different religious views in case of marrying a relative or being a candidate of the preferred political party (social distance); attitudes towards the allowance for religious extremists to hold public meetings and to publish books expressing their views (freedom of expression).Doubt or firm belief in God (deism, scale); belief in: a life after death, heaven, hell, religious miracles, reincarnation, Nirvana, supernatural powers of deceased ancestors; attitudes towards a higher truth and towards meaning of life (scale: God is concerned with every human being personally, little that people can do to change the course of their lives (fatalism), life is meaningful only because God exists, life does not serve any purpose, life is only meaningful if someone provides the meaning himself, connection with God without churches or religious services).Religious preference (affiliation) of mother, father and spouse/ partner; religion respondent was raised in; frequency of church attendance (of attendance in religious services) of father and mother; personal frequency of church attendance when young; frequency of prayers and participation in religious activities; shrine, altar or a religious object in respondent’s home; frequency of visiting a holy place (shrine, temple, church or mosque) for religious reasons except regular religious services; self-classification of personal religiousness and spirituality; truth in one or in all religions; attitudes towards the profits of practicing a religion (scale: finding inner peace and happiness, making friends, gaining comfort in times of trouble and sorrow, meeting the right kind of people).Optional items (not stated in all countries): questions in countries with an appreciable number of Evangelical Protestants): ‘born-again’ Christian; attitudes towards the Bible (or appropriate holy book); questions generally applicable for all countries: conversion of faith after crucial experience; personal sacrifice as an expression of faith such as fasting or following a special diet during holy season such as Lent or Ramadan; concept of God (semantic differential scale: mother – father, master – spouse, judge – lover, friend – king); belief in lucky charms, fortune tellers, faith healers and horoscopes; social rules or God’s laws as basis for deciding between right and wrong; attitudes towards members of different religious groups (Christians, Muslims, Hindus, Buddhists, Jews, Atheists or non-believers.Demography: sex; age; marital status; steady life partner; years of schooling; highest education level; country specific education and degree; current employment status (respondent and partner); hours worked weekly; occupation (ISCO 1988) (respondent and partner); supervising function at work; working for private or public sector or self-employed (respondent and partner); if self-employed: number of employees; trade union membership; earnings of respondent (country specific); family income (country specific); size of household; household composition; party affiliation (left-right); country specific party affiliation; participation in last election; religious denomination; religious main groups; attendance of religious services; self-placement on a top-bottom scale; region (country specific); size of community (country specific); type of community: urban-rural area; country of origin or ethnic group affiliation.

This study, designed and carried out by the Association of Statisticians of American Religious Bodies (ASARB), compiled data on the number of congregations and adherents for 236 religious groups in each county of the United States. Participants included 217 Christian denominations, associations, or communions (including Latter-day Saints, Messianic Jews, and Unitarian/Universalist groups); counts of Jain, Shinto, Sikh, Tao and National Spiritualist Association congregations, and counts of congregations and adherents from Baha'ís, three Buddhist groupings, four Hindu groupings, four Jewish groupings, Muslims and Zoroastrians. The 236 groups reported a total of 344,894 congregations with 150,686,156 adherents, comprising 48.8 percent of the total U.S. population of 308,745,538 in 2010. Visit the frequently asked questions page for more information about the ARDA's religious congregation and membership data sources.

This graph shows the largest Christian denominations in the United States in 2010, by number of adherents. In 2010, the Lattar-day Saints were among the largest Christian groups with about 6.3 million adherents in the United States.

Little research has focused on the relationship between religion and climate change attitudes and behavior. Further, while there have been some studies examining the relationship between environmental attitudes and religion, most are focused on Christian denominations and secularism, and few have examined other religions such as Buddhism. Using an online survey of 1,927 Australians we examined links between membership of four religious groupings (Buddhists, Christian literalists and non-literalists, and Secularists) and climate change attitudes and behaviors. Differences were found across religious groups in terms of their belief in: (a) human induced climate change, (b) the level of consensus among scientists, (c) their own efficacy, and (d) the need for policy responses. We show, using ordinal regression, that religion explains these differences even after taking into account socio-demographic factors, knowledge and environmental attitude, including belief in man’s dominion over nature. Differences in attitude and behavior between these religious groups suggest the importance of engaging denominations to encourage change in attitudes and behavior among their members.

Religious beliefs and moral attitudes.

Thopics: perceived change in violence on the streets, bribery, adultery and tax evasion during the last 10 years; justifyability of tax evasion (scale); justifyability of death penality; attitude towards: homosexual adoption, right to commit suicide, men more right for job than women; attitudes towards abortion in different circumstances (scale);
individual or public responsability for pensions; cuts in unemployment benefits; smoking ni public buildings; goals in education of children: indepdendence, obedience, creativity; attitudes towards income differeces; attitudes towards homeless people in neighbourhood; acceptance of nepotism (Kohlberg); Criteria for selecting patients for important surgery in hospitals; attitudes towards euthanasia; rules about good and bad; source of morality (scale); control over life; solving problems: individual vs. society; social orientation; volunteering: religious organizations, non-religious organizations; geographical mobility; residence of best friend; nationality of respondent; nationality of mother; nationality of father; attitudes towards migrants (ethnocentrism); political interest; party preference; least preferred party; reception of political news; concept of god; beliefs about life after death; salvation; conditions of salvation; theodizee (scale); respondent´s religiosity (self-assessment); beliefs influence daily life; beliefs influence important decisions; spiritual life; church attendance; frequency of praying; religious services: birth, marriage, death; conceptions of jesus; conceptions of the bible; dramatic change around millennium; denominational membership; closeness to church; women as priests; conversion experience; church attendance at age 12; transcendental experiences; possession of holy object; power of holy obejct; possession of talisman or lucky charm; power of talisman or lucky charm; consult horoscope; take horoscope into account in daily life; share of friends with different religion; perceived percentage of religious people in country; role of religion in world; attitudes towards: girls cover heads, take soft drugs, prevent blood transfusion, commit suicide; attitudes towards religious groups (enrichement, cause of conflict, other religious teachings, Jehovas witness, scientologist); truth in religion; religious symbols in schools; financial support: religious schools, religions; attitudes towards: oath with reference to God; consult religions in making laws, nurse may refuse legal abortion; attitutes towards science; desired influence of churches on politics; perceived influence of churches on politics;

Demographics: gender; age (year of birth); highest level of education; emloyment status; status of unpaid work; secondary job; marital status; steady life partner; partner´s highest level of education; partner´s religion; partner´s church attendance; number of children; household (number of children +18; 13-17; 5-12; less than 4); net household income; acceptance of cut in income for solidarity with poorest countries; community size; national ranking of community size; history of church membership;

Additionally coded: length of interview; year of interview.

Optional questions (not asked in all countries): importance of freedom; importance of equality; God concerned with every individual; God is valuable in humankind; life has meaning because of a God; sorrows have meaning if beliefs in a God; sorrows receive meaning from yourself; death is natural resting point; death is passage to another life; life has meaning if yourself give meaning; Virgin Mary was taken to heaven; believe in saints; father´s religion at age 12; father attend religious services at age 12; mothers´s religion at age 12; mother attend religious services at age 12; education in religious schools; profession (ISCO); partner´s profession (ISCO), community size (not grouped); pope hinders unity of Christians; religious services: sober; religious services: music and ceremonial clothes; pope should adapt his message; laity involvement; meaning of Christmas; month of interview; father´s highest level of education; mother´s level of education; number of household members

Additional questions in the BELGIAN questionnaire (only substantial questions. No country specific versions of questions from the masterquestionnaire): meaning of marriage in church; homosexuals may marry; light candle when enter church; water from Lourdes at home; pilgrimage; ...

This study, designed and carried out by the "http://www.asarb.org/" Target="_blank">Association of Statisticians of American Religious Bodies (ASARB), compiled data on 372 religious bodies by county in the United States. Of these, the ASARB was able to gather data on congregations and adherents for 217 religious bodies and on congregations only for 155. Participating bodies included 354 Christian denominations, associations, or communions (including Latter-day Saints, Messianic Jews, and Unitarian/Universalist groups); counts of Jain, Shinto, Sikh, Tao, Zoroastrian, American Ethical Union, and National Spiritualist Association congregations, and counts of congregations and adherents from Baha'i, three Buddhist groupings, two Hindu groupings, four Jewish groupings, and Muslims. The 372 groups reported a total of 356,642 congregations with 161,224,088 adherents, comprising 48.6 percent of the total U.S. population of 331,449,281. Membership totals were estimated for some religious groups.

In January 2024, the ARDA added 21 religious tradition (RELTRAD) variables to this dataset. These variables start at variable #12 (TOTCNG_2020). Categories were assigned based on pages 88-94 in the original "https://www.usreligioncensus.org/index.php/node/1638" Target="_blank">2020 U.S. Religion Census Report.

Visit the "https://www.thearda.com/us-religion/sources-for-religious-congregations-membership-data" Target="_blank">frequently asked questions page for more information about the ARDA's religious congregation and membership data sources.

Attitudinal/Behavioural Questions A)Clergy Most important job clergy has, main value of having a religious faith, whether believes in life after death and in what form, proportion of people from own parish meets during year and most usual place. Agreement/disagreement with several statements concerning church and religion, for which causes money should be raised. Whether the Chruch should be more/less involved in politics, whether members of clergy are allowed to join political parties/trade unions and opinion, whether clergy should be able to enter Parliament, whether women should be able to join clergy. Assessment of how well governing body manages the Church, whether Church should be more involved with maintaining status quo or with change. B)Adults Type of problems faced (e.g. family, job, health, religious, marital, sexual) with whom would talk over these problems (e.g. spouse, friend, social worker, doctor, vicar or priest, etc.), frequency of attending church services or religious ceremonies (not including weddings, funerals or christenings), date last attended, whether believes in life after death and in what form, own religion, main value of having a religious faith (e.g. gives meaning to life, provides a moral standard, etc.). Whether ever met local vicar or priest - if so, how often and where, most important job clergy has (e.g. help the poor, teach the word of God, work on community matters). Agreement/disagreement with several statements concerning religion and the church. Whether the Church should be more/less involved in politics, for which causes money should be raised (e.g. charities, political movements, refugees, etc.), whether members of the clergy are allowed to join political parties/trade unions and opinion, whether clergy should be able to enter Parliament, whether women should be able to join clergy. Background Variables A)Clergy Age cohort, religion B)Adults Occupation and qualifications of head of household, sex, age cohort, social class, trade union membership, political party usually supports. Quota sample Face-to-face interview

This map displays predominant religion by country and predominant religion family by region. Religion family categories shown include Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, Judaism, and Other. Religion categories by country shown include Roman Catholic, Protestant, Sunni Islam, Shia Islam, Orthodox Christianity, Folk Religion, Christianity Other, Hindu, Shi’a Islam, Unaffiliated, Uninhabited, and Other. First- and second-largest religion and percent of the population practicing each are shown for each country.The main source of data comes from the Association of Religion Data Archives - https://www.thearda.com/.

Christianity was the largest religion in a high number of the countries included in the survey. Of the countries, Peru, South Africa, and Poland had the highest share of Christians at around 75 percent. Moreover, around 90 percent in India and Thailand stated that they believed in another religion, with Hinduism and Buddhism being the major religion in the two countries respectively. Sweden and South Korea were the only two countries where 50 percent or more of the respondents stated that they did not have any religious beliefs.

Between 1991 and 2001, the number of Roman Catholics in Canada increased slightly, while the number adhering to Protestant denominations continued a long-term decline. The census enumerated just under 12.8 million Roman Catholics, up 4.8%, while the number of Protestants fell 8.2% to about 8.7 million. The largest gains in religious affiliations occurred among faiths consistent with changing immigration patterns toward more immigrants from regions outside of Europe, in particular Asia and the Middle East. (Other religions: Moslem, Christian Orthodox, Jewish, Hindu, Sikh and Buddhist.)

MP Religion & Assisted Dying Dashboard

This data powers a dashboard presenting insights into the religious affiliations and Assisted Dying voting patterns of UK Members of Parliament (MPs). It can be found here:

👉 https://davidjeffery.shinyapps.io/mp-religion/.

Please cite all uses of the data.

📊 What is this dashboard?

This dashboard presents insights into the religious affiliations and Assisted Dying voting patterns of UK Members of Parliament. It combines publicly available data to support transparency and understanding of Parliament’s composition.

📂 Where does the data come from?

The data is compiled from publicly available parliamentary records and voting data. You can download it directly from the link in the header or view it in the Raw Data tab of the dashboard.

🙏 How is religion determined?

There are three steps to determining religion. An MP is classified as having a religion based on the following criteria:

1. If the MP is a member of a religiously based group, they are classified as a member of that religion.

2. If a member has publicly spoken about their religion, they are classified as a member of that religion.

3. Finally, the text an MP swore in on is used to help infer their religion.

These sources are used in order of priority. For example, Tim Farron is a member of Christians in Parliament and has spoken about his religious views. However, he did not take the oath on the Bible, but made a solemn affirmation on no text. Regardless, he is still classed as Christian.

🧾 Variable Reference

What do those variable names mean?

• Member ID – member_id – A unique numeric identifier for each MP provided by Parliament.

• Name – display_as – The full display name of the MP.

• Gender – gender – The MP’s gender.

• Party – party – The full political party name.

• Party (Simplified) – party_simple – A shortened or cleaned version of the party name.

• Religion – mp_final_relig – The MP’s classified religion based on multiple criteria outlined above.

• AD: 2nd Reading Vote – ass_suicide_2nd – The MP’s vote (Yes, No, Abstain) on the Assisted Dying Bill 2nd Reading.

• AD: 3rd Reading Vote – ass_suicide_3rd – The MP’s vote (Yes, No, Abstain) on the Assisted Dying Bill 3rd Reading.

• LGBT Status – lgbt – Whether the MP is publicly identified as LGBT (LGBT.MP).

• Ethnic Minority – ethnic_mp – Whether the MP identifies as an ethnic minority.

• Religious Group: Christian – relig_christian – MP belongs to a Christian group (1 = Yes).

• Religious Group: Muslim – relig_muslim – MP belongs to a Muslim group (1 = Yes).

• Religious Group: Jewish – relig_jewish – MP belongs to a Jewish group (1 = Yes).

• Religious Group: Sikh – relig_sikh – MP belongs to a Sikh group (1 = Yes).

• Oath Taken – mp_swear – Whether the MP took the Oath or made an Affirmation.

• Oath Book – mp_swear_book – The specific religious text (e.g., Bible, Quran) used when swearing in.

• Inferred Religion – mp_inferred_relig – The religion inferred from the swearing-in text.

• Election Outcome – elected – Whether the MP was re-elected in the most recent election.

• Majority – majority – The MP’s vote share margin.

• Constituency Type – constituency_type – Type: Borough or County.

• Claimant Rate – cen_claimant – % of constituents claiming unemployment benefits.

• % White (Census) – cen_eth_white – Proportion of white ethnicity in the constituency.

• % Christian – cen_rel_christian – Constituency Christian population from the Census.

• % Buddhist – cen_rel_buddhist – Constituency Buddhist population.

• % Hindu – cen_rel_hindu – Constituency Hindu population.

• % Jewish – cen_rel_jewish – Constituency Jewish population.

• % Muslim – cen_rel_muslim – Constituency Muslim population.

• % Sikh – cen_rel_sikh – Constituency Sikh population.

• % No Religion – cen_rel_no religion – Constituents identifying as non-religious.

• % No Qualifications – cen_qual_none – Constituents with no formal qualifications.

• % Graduates – cen_qual_grad – Constituents with degree-level education.

• % Some Disability – cen_disab_some – Constituents reporting a form of disability.

✝️ Why are Catholics separate from Christians?

Don’t worry, I’m not suggesting we bring back the Test Acts. The logic here is that more granular data is better.

When swearing in, there are versions of the Bible specific to Catholics — typically the New Jerusalem Bible or the Douay–Rheims Bible — whereas if someone just asks for “the Bible”, they are given the King James Version and could be from any Christian denomination.

It would be a shame to lose that detail, so I provide the option to break out Catholic MPs separately.

📚 Where can I find more information about swearing in and the parliamentary oath?

The Parliament website has a great guide:

👉 https://www.parliament.uk/about/how/elections-and-voting/swearingin/

👤 Who created this dashboard?

This dashboard was created by Dr David Jeffery, University of Liverpool.

Follow me on Twitter/X or Bluesky.

❓ Why did you create this dashboard?

I needed to know MPs’ religion, and the text MPs used to swear in seemed like a valid proxy. This information was held by Humanists UK and when I asked for it, they said no.

So I did what any time-starved academic would do: I collected the data myself, by hand, and decided to make it public.

This dataset is a longitudinal version of the Churches and Church Membership in the United States studies from 1980 and 1990, and the Religious Congregations and Membership Studies from 2000 and 2010. It contains the adherent and congregation counts of 302 religious groups that participated in at least one of the 1980-2010 data collections. It is very important to understand how this file differs from its standalone counterparts, and its many limitations. Using these data for over-time comparisons without reading any documentation will likely result in inaccurate statistics. Data users are strongly urged to read the paper by Rachel Bacon, Roger Finke and Dale Jones that details all the changes made when creating the longitudinal file. Major changes made to the file include new variable naming schemes, new combined religious groups that correct for schisms and mergers, new adherent counts for the United Methodist Church, count estimates for missing data among 40 groups and aggregated county units. Users can download the paper here. Users can download the appendices here: "/ARDA/archives/AppendixA_RCMS.pdf" Target="_blank">Appendix A, "/ARDA/archives/AppendixB_RCMS.pdf" Target="_blank">Appendix B, "/ARDA/archives/AppendixC_RCMS.pdf" Target="_blank">Appendix C.

Visit the "/us-religion/sources-for-religious-congregations-membership-data" Target="_blank">frequently asked questions page for more information about the ARDA's religious congregation and membership data.

Erratum: The 2018 release of the county-level file did not correct for the aggregation of three counties in Virginia: Norfolk City, Chesapeake City, Portsmouth City. This was corrected in July 2023 and Appendix C now reflects the correction.

Attitude of protestant Christians to their church. Topics: Constituting characteristic for the protestant denomination; selected reasons for infant baptism; attitude to baptism; preference for infant baptism or adult baptism as well as for government or church kindergartens; meaning of confirmation; confirmation of respondent; memory of the confirmation pastor and the confirmation text; regular attendance at the children's service; attitude to the current children's service; experiences and memories of one's confirmation classes; closeness of father and mother as well as respondent with church; perceived change and direction of change of church closeness; agreement with the church in religious matters; most important reasons and attitude to church membership (scale); preference for church or government hospital in case of illness; perceived differences between government and church hospitals regarding medical equipment, medical personnel and care for the sick; occasion for the last conversation with a protestant pastor or minister; time of conversation; general impression of this conversation; knowledge about the pastor in one's parish and frequency of contact; cause for the last house visit of the pastor; attitude to a house visit by the pastor; preferred relief organization for a donation; reasons for preference of the selected relief organization; knowledge about the protestant relief organization; donation readiness with house-to-house and street collections for selected purposes and projects; general attitude to house-to-house and street collections; desired and actual involvement of the protestant church in selected religious and social areas; preference for government or church involvement in selected areas; preference for government or church home for the old; frequency of conversation about religion, church and faith; personal opinion leadership or opinion allegiance; interest in church counseling in case of marriage problems; inclination toward leaving the church; knowledge about the office responsible for leaving the church; estimated personal consequences of leaving the church; persons leaving the church in the circle of relatives and friends; knowledge about the church tax rate; figures of church tax and judgement on the level of the amount; attitude to the church tax (scale); preference for voluntary payments or government tax collection; extent of one's own payments in case of elimination of the church tax; length of local residency; party preference; union membership; party membership; club membership; employment in a church facility; interest in participating in a church facility; satisfaction with the social conditions in the Federal Republic; watching television; interest in church broadcasts and services on the radio; spatial closeness to parents and frequency of visits; frequency of contacts with friends in one's residence as well as with the friends; reading of magazines; frequency of church attendance; religiousness (Kaufmann Scale); identification as a member of the parish, the established protestant church in the state or member of the protestant church of Germany; knowledge about individual established protestant church in the state; membership in the established protestant church in the state; religious denomination of spouse and parents; main denomination affiliation of residents at place of survey; city size; refugee or exile status; fleeing before 1948; judgement on the income tax burden of respondent. Einstellung evangelischer Christen zu ihrer Kirche. Themen: Konstituierendes Merkmal für das evangelische Bekenntnis; ausgewählte Gründe für die Kindertaufe; Einstellung zur Taufe; Präferenz für Kindertaufe oder Erwachsenentaufe sowie für staatlichen oder kirchlichen Kindergarten; Sinn der Konfirmation; Konfirmation des Befragten; Erinnerung an den Konfirmationspfarrer und den Konfirmationsspruch; regelmäßiger Besuch des Kindergottesdienstes; Einstellung zum derzeitigen Kindergottesdienst; Erfahrungen und Erinnerungen an den eigenen Konfirmandenunterricht; Verbundenheit von Vater und Mutter sowie des Befragten mit der Kirche; empfundene Veränderung und Veränderungsrichtung der Kirchenverbundenheit; Übereinstimmung mit der Kirche in religiösen Fragen; wichtigste Gründe und Einstellung zur Kirchenmitgliedschaft (Skala); Präferenz für kirchliches oder staatliches Krankenhaus im Krankheitsfall; perzipierte Unterschiede zwischen staatlichen und kirchlichen Krankenhäusern bezüglich der medizinischen Ausstattung, des medizinischen Personals und der Krankenbetreuung; Anlaß für das letzte Gespräch mit einem evangelischen Pfarrer oder Pastor; Zeitpunkt des Gesprächs; allgemeiner Eindruck von diesem Gespräch; Kenntnis des Pfarrers in der eigenen Gemeinde und Kontakthäufigkeit; Anlaß für den letzten Hausbesuch des Pfarrers; Einstellung zu einem Hausbesuch durch den Pfarrer; präferierte Hilfsorganisation für eine Spende; Gründe für die Präferenz der ausgewählten Hilfsorganisation; Kenntnis der evangelischen Hilfsorganisation; Spendenbereitschaft bei Haus- und Straßensammlungen für ausgewählte Zwecke und Projekte; allgemeine Einstellung zu Haus- und Straßensammlungen; gewünschtes und tatsächliches Engagement der evangelischen Kirche in ausgewählten religiösen und sozialen Bereichen; Präferenz für staatliches oder kirchliches Engagement in ausgewählten Bereichen; Präferenz für staatliches oder kirchliches Altersheim; Häufigkeit von Gesprächen über Religion, Kirche und Glauben; eigene Meinungsführerschaft oder Meinungsgefolgschaft; Interesse an einer kirchlichen Beratung im Falle von Eheproblemen; Neigung zum Kirchenaustritt; Kenntnis der zuständigen Stelle für den Kirchenaustritt; geschätzte persönliche Folgen eines Kirchenaustritts; Kirchenaustritte im Verwandten- und Bekanntenkreis; Kenntnis des Kirchensteuersatzes; Zahlen von Kirchensteuer und Beurteilung der Höhe des Betrags; Einstellung zur Kirchensteuer (Skala); Präferenz für freiwillige Zahlungen oder staatlichen Steuereinzug; Umfang der eigenen Zahlungen im Falle eines Wegfalls der Kirchensteuer; Dauer der Ortsansässigkeit; Parteipräferenz; Gewerkschaftsmitgliedschaft; Parteimitgliedschaft; Vereinsmitgliedschaft; Beschäftigung in einer kirchlichen Einrichtung; Interesse an der Mitwirkung in einer kirchlichen Einrichtung; Zufriedenheit mit den gesellschaftlichen Verhältnissen in der Bundesrepublik; Fernsehkonsum; Interesse an kirchlichen Sendungen und Gottesdiensten im Rundfunk; räumliche Nähe zu den Eltern und Besuchshäufigkeit; Häufigkeit von Kontakten mit Freunden in der eigenen Wohnung sowie bei den Bekannten; Zeitschriftenkonsum; Kirchgangshäufigkeit; Religiosität (Kaufmann-Skala); Identifikation als Mitglied der Gemeinde, der Landeskirche oder Mitglied der evangelischen Kirche Deutschlands; Kenntnis der eigenen Landeskirche; Landeskirchenzugehörigkeit. Demographie: Alter (klassiert); Geschlecht; Befragter wurde konfirmiert; Schulbildung; Beruf; berufliche Position; Berufstätigkeit; Einkommen; Haushaltseinkommen; Haushaltsgröße; Haushaltszusammensetzung; Beruf des Haushaltsvorstands; Konfession des Ehepartners und der Eltern; Hauptkonfessionszugehörigkeit der Bewohner am Befragungsort; Ortsgröße; Flüchtlings- oder Vertriebenenstatus; Flucht vor 1948; Beurteilung der vom Befragten getragenen Einkommensteuerlast. Zusätzlich verkodet wurde: Bundesland; Ortsgröße; Interviewdatum. a) Quota sample b) Beyond the representative sample three ´special samples´ were drawn: 1) respondents with a net household income of over 2000 DM (recipients of higher income). 2) respondents with high school graduation or university/college degree (respondents with higher school education). 3) residents from ten typical suburban cities (influx after 1950). a) Quotenauswahl b) Über die repräsentative Stichprobe hinaus wurden drei ´Spezialstichproben´ gezogen: 1) Befragte mit einem Haushalts-Nettoeinkommen von über 2000 DM (Bezieher höherer Einkommen). 2) Befragte mit Abitur bzw. Universitäts-Hochschulabschluß (Befragte mit höherer Schulbildung). 3) Bewohner aus zehn typischen Trabantenstädten (Zuzug nach 1950).

In practice, the government protects citizens from discrimination based on religious beliefs. A 100 score is earned where all the following conditions are met: 1) there is an official mechanism that receives and investigates complaints of religious discrimination (whether investigations are undertaken independently or in collaboration with other entities), 2) in the last year, the mechanism has been proactive and implemented programs designed to reduce/combat religious discrimination (such as conducting sensitization campaigns), and 3) the mechanism is accessible to most members of minority religious groups. A 50 score is earned where where any of the following conditions apply: 1) the mechanism exists, but it doesn’t always investigate complaints of religious discrimination, 2) it’s not always functional, or 3) some members of minority religious groups don’t have access to it due to geographic or other limitations. A 0 score is earned where at least one of the following conditions apply: 1) the mechanism to receive complaints of religious discrimination doesn’t exist, or 2) it exists but doesn’t investigate and is generally unresponsive. For variable descriptions, please refer to: https://www.africaintegrityindicators.org/data. For the methodology, please refer to: https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5e971d408be44753edfb976c/t/60a55f343d36117866628867/1621450563745/AII10+-+Methodology.docx+%281%29.pdf.

All mosques from around the world by available capacity, that belong to any Islamic school or branch, that can accommodate at least 15,000 worshippers in all available places of prayer such as prayer halls (musala), courtyards (ṣaḥn) and porticoes (riwāq). All the mosques in this list are congregational mosques – a type of mosque that hosts the Friday prayer (ṣalāt al-jumuʿa) in congregation (jamāʿa).

This statistic shows the top 25 countries in the world with the largest number of Christian population in 2010. In 2010, the United States was leading the ranking with about 243 million Christians living in the country.