In 2020, **** percent of the Malaysian population professed to be of the Islamic faith. The second-largest religion in Malaysia in that year was Buddhism, adhered to by **** percent of the population.

This statistic presents the results of a survey on perceived percentage of the Muslim population in Malaysia as of 2018. According to data published by Ipsos, Malaysian respondents slightly overestimated the proportion of Muslim population in their country. On average, the respondents thought that around ** out of every 100 people in Malaysia were Muslims, when the actual share of Muslim population was around ** percent in Malaysia.

In 2025, **** percent of the Malaysian population were classified as Bumiputera, **** percent were classified as ethnic Chinese, and *** percent as ethnic Indians. Those who do not fall under these three main ethnic groups are classified as ‘Other.’ Malaysia is a multi-ethnic and multi-religious society with three main ethnicities and language groups. Who are Malaysia’s Bumiputera? Bumiputera, meaning sons of the soil, is a term used to categorize the Malays, as well as the indigenous peoples of Peninsular Malaysia, also known as "orang asli", and the indigenous peoples of Sabah and Sarawak. As 2024, the Bumiputera share of the population in Sabah was ** percent, while that in Sarawak was **** percent. Thus, the incorporation of the states of Sabah and Sarawak during the formation of Malaysia ensured that the ethnic Malays were able to maintain a majority share of the Malaysian population. Bumiputera privileges and ethnic-based politics The rights and privileges of the Malays and the natives of Sabah and Sarawak are enshrined in Article 153 of Malaysia’s constitution. This translated, in practice, to a policy of affirmative action to improve the economic situation of this particular group, through the New Economic Policy introduced in 1971. 50 years on, it is questionable whether the policy has achieved its aim. Bumiputeras still lag behind the other ethnic two major groups in terms of monthly household income. However, re-thinking this policy will certainly be met by opposition from those who have benefitted from it.

As of July 2024, **** percent of the Malaysian population were classified as Bumiputera, **** percent were classified as ethnic Chinese, and *** percent as ethnic Indians. Those who do not fall under these three main ethnic groups are classified as ‘Other’. Malaysia is a multi-ethnic and multi-religious society with three main ethnicities and language groups. Who are Malaysia’s Bumiputera? Bumiputera, meaning sons of the soil, is a term used to categorize the Malays, as well as the indigenous peoples of Peninsular Malaysia, also known as orang asli, and the indigenous peoples of Sabah and Sarawak. As of July 2023, the Bumiputera share of the population in Sabah was ** percent, while that in Sarawak was **** percent. Thus, the incorporation of the states of Sabah and Sarawak during the formation of Malaysia ensured that the ethnic Malays were able to maintain a majority share of the Malaysian population. Bumiputera privileges and ethnic-based politics The rights and privileges of the Malays and the natives of Sabah and Sarawak are enshrined in Article 153 of Malaysia’s constitution. This translated, in practice, to a policy of affirmative action to improve the economic situation of this particular group, through the New Economic Policy introduced in 1971. 50 years on, it is questionable whether the policy has achieved its aim. Bumiputeras still lag behind the other ethnic two major groups in terms of monthly household income. However, re-thinking this policy will certainly be met by opposition from those who have benefitted from it.

Pew Research Center surveyed 13,122 adults across six countries in Asia about religious identity, beliefs, and practices, using nationally representative methods. Interviews were conducted face-to-face in Cambodia, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. They were conducted on mobile phones in Malaysia and Singapore. Local interviewers administered the survey from June to September 2022, in eight languages.

This survey is part of the Pew-Templeton Global Religious Futures project, a broader effort by Pew Research Center to study religious change and its impact on societies around the world. The Center previously has conducted religion-focused surveys across sub-Saharan Africa; the Middle East-North Africa region and many countries with large Muslim populations; Latin America; Israel; Central and Eastern Europe; Western Europe; India; and the United States.

This survey includes three countries in which Buddhists make up a majority of the population (Cambodia, Sri Lanka, and Thailand); two countries with Muslim majorities (Malaysia and Indonesia); and one country that is religiously diverse, with no single group forming a majority (Singapore). We also are surveying five additional countries and territories in Asia, to be covered in a future report.

Pew Research Center has produced a supplemental syntax file containing SPSS code to generate common analytic variables in the survey's corresponding report and toplines. The ARDA has provided this syntax in a copyable PDF document as an additional download.

In 2023, the number of non-Muslim marriages registered in Malaysia was approximately ******. This was an increase compared to the previous year. Muslims make up the majority of the population in Malaysia, while other major religions in the country include Christianity, Buddhism, and Hinduism.

In 2023, it was estimated that approximately ** percent of the Indonesian population were Muslim, accounting for the highest share of Muslims in any Southeast Asian country. Indonesia also has the world's largest Muslim population, with an estimated *** million Muslims. Demographics of Indonesia The total population of Indonesia was estimated to reach around *** million in 2028. The median age of the population in the country was at an all-time high in 2020 and was projected to increase continuously until the end of the century. In 2020, the population density in Indonesia reached its highest value recorded at about ***** people per square kilometer. Shopping behavior during Ramadan in Indonesia Nearly all Muslims in Indonesia celebrated Ramadan in 2022. During the month of Ramadan, ** percent of Indonesian users utilized online applications to order food. Many Indonesians planned to shop online or offline during Ramadan, with around ** percent of online users planning to purchase fashion wear and accessories. Shopee was the most used app for shopping purposes during that period.

In 2023/24, the market size for Islamic fintech in Malaysia amounted to around ** billion U.S. dollars, an increase of approximately *** billion U.S. dollars compared to the market size recorded in the previous year. The value of the Islamic fintech market in the country was forecasted to exceed*** billion U.S. dollars by 2028. Vast potential in Islamic banking Islam is the majority religion in Malaysia, with around **** percent of the population belonging to this religious group. The country also has a dual legal system, with Quranic-based Sharia law mainly governing the personal or family matters of the Malay Muslim population. Thus, there is a large market for Islamic finance in Malaysia. In 2022, the Southeast Asian country was the *****-leading country with the largest Islamic banking assets in the world, after Iran and Saudi Arabia. Call for innovation in Islamic finance Acknowledging the potential of Islamic fintech, the current Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim pledged 100 million Malaysian ringgit in May 2024 to foster innovation in Islamic finance. This financing has the potential to stimulate further growth in the country’s Islamic fintech market. As of 2023, there were ** Islamic fintech companies in Malaysia. With support from the government, more Sharia-friendly fintech startups will likely flourish in the coming years.

This dataset shows the Number of Employed Persons by Highest Certificate Obtained, 1982 - 2021, Malaysia. Footnote Starting 2008, highest certificate obtained is classified according to the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED). Breakdown of diploma and certificate is available from 2007 onwards. The 2017 statistics was updated based on the year's population estimates. Total includes unknown highest certificate obtained Starting 1992, based on Population and Housing Census 1991, religious classes/'pondok' school are excluded from formal education Source : DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS MALAYSIA No. of Views : 347

Muslim Ingredients Market Outlook

The global Muslim ingredients market size is projected to grow from USD 1.9 billion in 2023 to USD 3.5 billion by 2032, at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.2%. The burgeoning Muslim population, coupled with increasing awareness and demand for halal-certified products, is a key growth factor driving this market.

The rising Muslim population globally is one of the primary drivers of the Muslim ingredients market. As of 2023, Muslims constitute about 24% of the worldÂ’s population, and this demographic is expected to grow significantly over the next decade. This growth is predominantly seen in regions such as the Asia-Pacific, Middle East, and Africa. The increasing Muslim population naturally leads to a higher demand for halal products, including food, beverages, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. A deeper understanding and adherence to religious dietary laws have further solidified the importance of incorporating halal ingredients in daily consumption.

The surge in disposable income among Muslim consumers has also played a pivotal role in the market's expansion. Improved economic conditions in countries with significant Muslim populations, such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, and UAE, have led to increased spending on premium halal-certified products. This trend is particularly evident in the food and beverage sector, where consumers are willing to pay a premium for assurance of quality and compliance with Islamic dietary laws. Consequently, manufacturers are increasingly investing in halal certification and aligning their products with Islamic principles to tap into this lucrative market.

Technological advancements and innovation in the processing and certification of halal products have further bolstered market growth. The introduction of blockchain technology for halal certification ensures transparency, traceability, and authenticity, thus gaining consumer trust. Additionally, advancements in food science have enabled the development of new halal-friendly ingredients, expanding the range of available products. Companies investing in research and development are better positioned to cater to the evolving preferences of Muslim consumers and gain a competitive edge in the market.

Halal Food plays a pivotal role in the Muslim ingredients market, as it aligns with the religious and cultural practices of Muslim consumers. The demand for halal food is not only limited to Muslim-majority countries but is also gaining traction in regions with growing Muslim populations, such as Europe and North America. This trend is driven by the increasing awareness of halal food as a symbol of quality and ethical production, appealing to both Muslim and non-Muslim consumers. The assurance of halal certification provides consumers with confidence that the food products adhere to strict Islamic dietary laws, which is crucial for maintaining religious observance. As a result, food manufacturers are increasingly investing in halal certification to cater to this expanding market segment and capitalize on the growing demand for halal food products globally.

Regionally, the Asia-Pacific holds the largest market share, driven by countries like Indonesia and Malaysia, where the majority of the population adheres to Islamic dietary laws. North America and Europe are also witnessing increased demand for halal products, fueled by the growing Muslim immigrant population and rising awareness among non-Muslim consumers about the benefits of halal-certified products. The Middle East and Africa region, with its predominantly Muslim population, remains a critical market, contributing significantly to the global revenue.

Product Type Analysis

The product type segment of the Muslim ingredients market comprises halal meat, halal dairy products, halal beverages, halal confectionery, halal nutraceuticals, and others. Halal meat holds a significant share in this segment due to the stringent religious guidelines governing meat consumption in Islam. The demand for halal meat is particularly high in regions with large Muslim populations, such as the Middle East, North Africa, and Southeast Asia. Companies are increasingly focusing on ensuring that their meat products are certified halal to cater to this growing demand. The advent of online meat delivery services has further propelled the growth of this segment.

Halal dairy products, including milk, cheese, and yogurt, are another crucial segment that has see

Description on demographic information of the participants (N = 120).

In 2020, Indonesia recorded the largest population of Muslims worldwide, with around 239 million. This was followed with around 226.88 million Muslims in Pakistan and 213 million Muslims in India.

Islamic Clothing Market Outlook

The global Islamic clothing market size is projected to witness substantial growth from 2023 to 2032, with market figures standing at approximately USD 100 billion in 2023 and expected to reach USD 170 billion by 2032, reflecting a robust compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of around 6%. The increasing demand for modest fashion across the globe acts as a significant growth driver for the Islamic clothing market. This segment of the fashion industry has seen a surge in popularity, not only among Muslim populations but also among non-Muslims who appreciate the aesthetic and ethical aspects of modest fashion.

One of the primary growth factors for the Islamic clothing market is the rising preference for modest attire influenced by cultural and religious sentiments. This is particularly prevalent among Muslim-majority countries but is also gaining traction in Western countries where multiculturalism and diversity are celebrated. There is an increasing tendency among Muslim women to balance their religious traditions with modern fashion trends, leading to a higher demand for contemporary designs in Islamic clothing. The fashion industry has also seen a shift towards inclusivity and diversity, with many mainstream brands launching modest fashion lines, thereby reaching a broader audience.

The internet and social media platforms have played a crucial role in influencing the growth of the Islamic clothing market. With the increasing penetration of smartphones and the internet, consumers now have easier access to a variety of styles and trends from around the world. Influencers and fashion bloggers focusing on modest fashion have amplified the reach of Islamic clothing, encouraging a more expansive audience to explore this segment. This digital exposure helps bridge the gap between traditional and modern fashion, making Islamic clothing more mainstream and accessible.

Economic growth in key markets with significant Muslim populations is also contributing to the market's expansion. Countries in the Middle East, Southeast Asia, and parts of Africa are experiencing higher disposable incomes, leading to increased spending on fashion and lifestyle products, including Islamic clothing. Additionally, tourism has also played a role, where travelers visiting Muslim-majority regions tend to purchase local attire as part of their cultural experience, further boosting the market.

From a regional perspective, the Middle East and Africa hold a prominent share of the Islamic clothing market, driven by a large Muslim population and strong cultural ties to traditional attire. However, North America and Europe are projected to witness significant growth due to the increasing acceptance and popularity of modest fashion among diverse populations. Asia Pacific, with its large Muslim demographic in countries like Indonesia and Malaysia, continues to offer lucrative opportunities for market players. These regions are expected to exhibit varying growth rates, with regions such as Asia Pacific showcasing higher CAGR owing to its growing population and increasing urbanization.

Product Type Analysis

The Islamic clothing market encompasses a diverse range of product types, including abayas, hijabs, thobes, kaftans, and others. Abayas, primarily worn in the Middle East, have evolved from traditional wear to fashion statements, incorporating modern designs and fabrics. Fashion designers are innovating with abayas, integrating contemporary styles while maintaining their modest appeal. This ongoing evolution is making abayas popular not only in the Middle Eastern countries but also among Muslim women worldwide who seek modest yet stylish attire.

Hijabs, another significant segment, have seen a surge in demand due to the increasing number of women embracing this form of headscarf as a part of their daily attire. The hijab market has expanded with an array of styles, colors, and fabrics, catering to the diverse preferences of Muslim women. The growing awareness and acceptance of hijabs in non-Muslim countries have further propelled their demand. Brands are increasingly launching hijab lines, recognizing the economic potential and cultural significance of this product type.

Thobes, traditionally worn by men in Arab countries, are now gaining attention as lifestyle fashion. They are known for their comfort and simplicity, and recent trends have seen thobes being adapted for casual and formal occasions alike. The design innovations in thobes are making them appealing to younger generations who are keen on preserving cultural attire w

Halal Personal Care Products Market Outlook

The global halal personal care products market size was valued at approximately USD 25 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach an estimated USD 55 billion by 2032, growing at a robust CAGR of 9% during the forecast period. Key growth factors driving this market include the rising Muslim population worldwide, which is increasingly seeking products that align with their religious beliefs, as well as the growing consumer awareness about the benefits of halal-certified products which are perceived to be safer and more ethical. The demand for halal personal care products is not only confined to traditionally Muslim-majority regions but is experiencing significant growth across diverse geographies, indicating a broader acceptance and preference for such products.

One of the primary growth factors for the halal personal care products market is the burgeoning Muslim middle-class population, especially in countries like Indonesia, Malaysia, and parts of the Middle East. These regions are witnessing increased disposable incomes, which are translating into higher spending on personal care and grooming products. Additionally, the young Muslim demographic with a growing awareness about their religious obligations is significantly contributing to the demand for products that adhere to halal standards. This demographic shift is encouraging both local and international brands to expand their offerings to include a wider range of halal-certified products, thus propelling market growth.

Another significant growth factor is the heightened consumer inclination towards organic and natural products. Halal personal care products are often perceived as purer and healthier, as they avoid harsh chemicals and animal-derived ingredients, which are not permissible under halal guidelines. This aligns with the global trend towards sustainable and eco-friendly beauty and personal care products, thereby appealing to a broader consumer base beyond the Muslim population. Furthermore, with stringent regulatory standards being implemented globally, the credibility and trust in halal certification have grown, ensuring that products are ethical, sustainably sourced, and cruelty-free.

The increasing availability and accessibility of halal personal care products via various distribution channels is also playing a crucial role in market expansion. The rise of e-commerce platforms has made it easier for consumers to access a wide array of halal-certified products, which might not be readily available in local retail stores. Moreover, supermarkets and specialty stores are expanding their offerings to include dedicated aisles for halal products, thereby increasing their visibility and attracting a diverse customer base. This trend is further supported by aggressive marketing strategies and collaborations between manufacturers and retailers to promote halal-certified lines, facilitating greater consumer reach and engagement.

Halal Products have gained significant traction in the personal care industry due to their alignment with ethical and religious standards. These products are not only free from prohibited substances like alcohol and certain animal derivatives but also adhere to stringent manufacturing processes that ensure purity and safety. As consumers become more conscious of the ingredients in their personal care items, the demand for halal-certified products continues to rise, reflecting a broader trend towards transparency and accountability in the beauty industry. This shift is not limited to Muslim consumers; it extends to a global audience seeking products that promise both ethical integrity and high quality.

Regionally, the Asia Pacific continues to dominate the halal personal care products market, with countries like Indonesia and Malaysia leading in terms of market share. These regions benefit from large Muslim populations and supportive government initiatives promoting halal certification. The Middle East & Africa region is witnessing robust growth, driven by both domestic consumption and exports. In contrast, North America and Europe are experiencing a steady increase in demand as awareness about halal products grows among non-Muslim consumers who are drawn to their ethical and clean-label attributes. This regional diversification highlights the global appeal and potential of halal personal care products, positioning the market for significant growth in the coming years.

Product Type Analysis

The halal personal care product

Sikhism is a religion that originated on the Indian subcontinent during the fifteenth century. Sikhs follow the teachings of 'gurus', who descend from the first guru Guru Naruk who established the faith. Followers of Sikhism are monotheists, believing in only one god, and other core beliefs include the need to meditate, the importance of community and communal living, and the need to serve humanity selflessly (or 'seva'). Sikhism and the British Empire In total, there are around 26 million Sikhs worldwide, and over 24 million of these live in India. Outside of India, the largest Sikh populations are mostly found in former territories of the British Empire - the UK and Canada both have Sikh populations of over half a million people. Migration from India to other parts of the British Empire was high in the 19th century, due to the labor demands of relatively newer colonies, as well as those where slavery had been abolished. These countries also remain popular destinations for Sikh migrants today, as many are highly trained and English-speaking. Other regions with significant Sikh populations Italy also has a sizeable Sikh population, as many migrated there after serving there in the British Army during WWI, and they are now heavily represented in Italy's dairy industry. The Sikh population of Saudi Arabia is also reflective of the fact that the largest Indian diaspora in the world can now be found in the Middle East - this is due to the labor demands of the fossil fuel industries and their associated secondary industries, although a large share of Indians in this part of the world are there on a temporary basis.

Probability of handwritten allographic features from writers of different educational backgrounds by multinomial logistic regression analysis.

Association of allographic features with educational backgrounds using Pearson’s Chi Square test.

As of June 2024, there were around 3.09 million ethnic Chinese residents in Singapore. Singapore is a multi-ethnic society, with residents categorized into four main racial groups: Chinese, Malay, Indian, and Others. Each resident is assigned a racial category that follows the paternal side. This categorization would have an impact on both official as well as private matters. Modelling a peaceful, multi-ethnic society The racial categorization used in Singapore stemmed from its colonial past and continues to shape its social policies, from public housing quotas along the ethnic composition in the country to education policies pertaining second language, or ‘mother tongue’, instruction. Despite the emphasis on ethnicity and race, Singapore has managed to maintain a peaceful co-existence among its diverse population. Most Singaporeans across ethnic levels view the level of racial and religious harmony there to be moderately high. The level of acceptance and comfort with having people of other ethnicities in their social lives was also relatively high across the different ethnic groups. Are Singaporeans ready to move away from the CMIO model of ethnic classification? In recent times, however, there has been more open discussion on racism and the relevance of the CMIO (Chinese, Malay, Indian, Others) ethnic model for Singaporean society. The global discourse on racism has brought to attention the latent discrimination felt by the minority ethnic groups in Singapore, such as in the workplace. In 2010, Singapore introduced the option of having a ‘double-barreled’ race classification, reflecting the increasingly diverse and complicated ethnic background of its population. More than a decade later, there have been calls to do away from such racial classifications altogether. However, with social identity and policy deeply entrenched along these lines, it would be a challenge to move beyond race in Singapore.

Halal Cosmetics & Personal Care Products Market Outlook

The global market size for halal cosmetics & personal care products was valued at USD 23.1 billion in 2023 and is expected to reach USD 58.3 billion by 2032, growing at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 11.1% from 2024 to 2032. This remarkable growth can be attributed to rising consumer awareness about the benefits of halal products, coupled with increasing demand for ethical and sustainable beauty products.

One of the key growth factors in the halal cosmetics & personal care products market is the growing Muslim population worldwide, which is projected to reach nearly 30% of the global population by 2050. This demographic shift is driving demand for products that comply with Islamic principles, including the prohibition of alcohol and animal-derived ingredients. Additionally, the increasing disposable income in Muslim-majority countries is contributing to higher spending on premium halal beauty products.

Another significant factor driving the market is the rising consumer awareness and preference for ethically produced products. Modern consumers, particularly millennials and Gen Z, are increasingly inclined towards products that are cruelty-free, vegan, and sustainably sourced. Halal cosmetics meet these criteria, as they avoid animal testing, ensure ethical sourcing of ingredients, and are produced under stringent hygienic conditions. This broader appeal is attracting non-Muslim consumers as well.

Technological advancements and innovation in product formulations are also propelling the market forward. Companies are investing in research and development to create high-quality halal-certified cosmetics that cater to various skin types and preferences. Innovations such as halal-certified organic ingredients, natural preservatives, and advanced manufacturing processes are enhancing product efficacy and consumer satisfaction, thereby driving market growth.

Regionally, Asia Pacific dominates the market, driven by countries like Indonesia and Malaysia, where the majority of the population adheres to Islamic dietary laws. The Middle East & Africa region also represents a significant market, spurred by high consumer demand and government initiatives promoting halal certification. North America and Europe are witnessing growing interest in halal cosmetics, driven by increasing multicultural populations and a rising trend towards ethical consumption.

The rise of Islamic Clothing in the fashion industry parallels the growth of halal cosmetics, as both sectors cater to the increasing demand for products that align with Islamic values. Islamic clothing, characterized by modesty and adherence to religious guidelines, is gaining popularity not only among Muslim consumers but also among those who appreciate its elegant and sophisticated designs. This trend is supported by a growing number of fashion designers and brands that are embracing the principles of modest fashion, offering a diverse range of stylish and contemporary options. The intersection of fashion and faith is creating new opportunities for brands to innovate and connect with a broader audience, further driving the growth of the Islamic clothing market.

Product Type Analysis

In the halal cosmetics & personal care products market, the skincare segment stands out as one of the most lucrative areas. The increasing focus on personal grooming and the rising prevalence of skin-related issues such as acne and hyperpigmentation are driving demand for skincare products. Halal-certified skincare products, comprising cleansers, moisturizers, serums, and sunscreens, are particularly popular among consumers who prefer natural and ethically produced products. Enhanced formulations incorporating halal-certified organic ingredients are also gaining traction, further boosting the segment's growth.

The haircare segment is another significant contributor to the market. Consumers are increasingly seeking haircare products that are free from harsh chemicals and ethically produced. Halal haircare products, including shampoos, conditioners, hair oils, and treatments, are gaining popularity for their natural and gentle formulations. The growing trend of maintaining healthy, nourished hair through natural means is expected to drive the demand for halal haircare products in the coming years.

Makeup is a prominent segment within the halal cosmetics marke