In 2023, around 24 percent of the German population identified as Catholic. This was a slight decrease compared to the year before. Numbers have generally decreased since the 1990's.

Germany: Christians as percent of the total population: The latest value from 2013 is 71.4 percent, a decline from 71.8 percent in 2012. In comparison, the world average is 51.1 percent, based on data from 145 countries. Historically, the average for Germany from 1960 to 2013 is 83.1 percent. The minimum value, 71.4 percent, was reached in 2013 while the maximum of 95.1 percent was recorded in 1960.

This statistic displays the opinions of Germans on whether people of different religious identities are a real German or not. According to the survey conducted by Ipsos a majority of respondents felt that Chritians and Atheists were real Germans, although a plurality considered Buddhists, Hindus and Muslims not real Germans.

Between 2010 and 2024 in the Netherlands, the percentage of people who do not identify with any religion increased from 45 percent to 56 percent. The largest religious group in 2024 was the Roman Catholic group, with 17 percent of Dutch people identifying as Roman Catholic. In 2024, 14 percent of the Dutch population considered themselves a member of the three main protestant churches, the Dutch Reformed Church, the Protestant Church in the Netherlands, and the Reformed Churches in the Netherlands. The percentage of people who identify as Muslim has remained the same at five percent over the years. Do the people who identify with a religion always participate? The percentage of people in the Netherlands who participate in a religion is not necessarily the same as that of people who identify with a religion. The most prominent religious group, the Roman Catholics, only saw a participation of three percent, the same as those identifying with the Protestant Church, despite only six percent identifying with that denomination. The highest participation rate is in the group 'other' with four percent, despite only 10 percent identifying in those religions. It shows, therefore, that some religions see significantly higher participation rates despite a lower percentage identifying with it. Does the percentage of Muslims in the Netherlands align with the perceived percentage of Muslims? In 2018, the Dutch population believed that 20 percent of the population was Muslim, even though only five percent were Muslim. This overestimation of the Muslim population is in line with the rest of Europe. Germany, for example, predicted a Muslim population of 21 percent while the actual Muslim population was four percent. In Belgium, residents believed that 27 percent of the population was Muslim, while in reality, it was only five percent.

The present study “shows the development of members of the protestant and the Roman Catholic Church in Germany and analyzes the importance of certain components of the membership development. The survey is based on data of the statistical office since the 1950s and on data of both churches (Protestant Church in Germany, Hannover, and German Bishops Conference, Bonn) on church life. The study aims to compile the membership development of both Christian churches in long time series, to analyze it systematically and to question, extent and quantify the thus far monocausal explanations for membership development. Since the late 1960s world trade and the related social changes, the immigration to Germany since the 1950s and the changes related to the German reunification and the European integration caused that both Christian churches in Germany got less important. Alternative religious communities emerged. Among those for example the Islam with about 4 Billion followers and small Free Church communities play a more and more important role. The official statistic has no or little data about those religious communities; therefor the survey concentrates on two National Christian Churches” (Eicken, J. /Schmitz-Veltin, A., 2010, a. a. O., p. 577). Compared to the discussion about leaving the church the public discussion pays little attention to demographic factors of membership development. The present study aims to show that the membership development is not only characterized by persons leaving, but that structure elements have an important impact, too. These “effects are not least based on the long term development of birth rates and the resulting surpluses of deaths as well as the changes of values concerning baptism. These processes together lead to a less important role of church in society.” (Eicken, J./Schmitz-Veltin, A., 2010, a. a. O., S. 576f).

Data tables in HISTAT: A.1 Population in Germany by religious orientations and membership development of both National Churches (1956-2008)

West German population.

Topics: The data come from the censuses of 1939 to 1987. The data set contains two levels of aggregation: information on distribution of religious affiliation for the Federal Republic (West) altogether and information on distribution of religious affiliation in the 11 (old) states. Besides the specific classifications of religious affiliation for every census the data set contains a common classification for all points in time.

Coercion/threat made up the highest number of recorded criminal offenses with an extremist background based on religious ideology in Germany. In total, there were 57 of these recorded in 2023. Number of Islamists and Salafists There have been various terror attacks in Germany during the second half of the twentieth century. Although often associated with, terrorism is not connected exclusively to religious ideology. Such attacks can also be part of politically motivated crime. However, the same as in other countries in Western Europe, religiously fueled terrorism is still a concern for German authorities, which is the reason for the number of Islamists and Salafists living in Germany being monitored. Based on recent figures, however, both the number of Islamists on German soil (though this was recorded among non-violent groups), as well as the number of Salafists is beginning to slowly decrease. Terror attacks in Europe Based on a recent survey, the German population considers terrorist attacks a real possibility for the country. Of terror attacks that happened in Europe in 2021, France and Germany were the primary targets.

Germany: Shia Muslims as percent of the total population: The latest value from is percent, unavailable from percent in . In comparison, the world average is 0.0 percent, based on data from countries. Historically, the average for Germany from to is percent. The minimum value, percent, was reached in while the maximum of percent was recorded in .

This statistic shows the estimated number of Muslims living in different European countries as of 2016. Approximately **** million Muslims were estimated to live in France, the most of any country listed. Germany and the United Kingdom also have large muslim populations with **** million and **** million respectively.

Between 1944–1950, almost eight million expellees arrived in West Germany. We introduce a rich county-level database on the expellees’ socio-economic situation in post-war Germany. The database contains regionally disaggregated information on the number, origin, age, gender, religious denomination and labour force status of expellees. It also records corresponding information on the West German population as a whole, on the pre-war economic and religious structure of host and origin regions, and on war destructions in West Germany. The main data sources are the West German censuses of 1939, 1946, 1950 and 1961. Altogether, the database consists of 18 data tables (in xsls format). We have digitized the data as printed in the statistical sources, adding only an English translation of the table head (along with the original table head in German). Each data table has two tabs: The first tab (named “source”) lists the reference(s) of the printed source, the second (“data”) contains the actual data. Please consult the readme file for an overview of each data table’s content and the paper for additional information.

On behalf of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation´s (KAS) Department of Politics and Consultancy, USUMA GmbH in Berlin conducted a representative survey on the topic of "Attitudes towards values and religion of Germans with and without a migration background and foreigners in Germany" between 15 October 2018 and 28 February 2019. The basic population for this was the population aged 18 and over living in private households in Germany. The study was to be conducted for 3 subgroups and to represent each of these subgroups. The three representative sub-samples included: Germans without a migration background aged 18 and over, Germans with a migration background aged 18 and over and foreigners living in Germany aged 18 and over.

Germany's halal tourism market is expected to witness a significant increase between 2025 and 2035. The growth trend is primarily influenced by the increasing demand for travel services that are compliant with the requirements of the halal market, the expanding Muslim population, and increased awareness of halal tourism services. The market is estimated at USD 4.6 billion in 2025 and is expected to reach USD 8.8 billion by 2035, growing at a CAGR of 6.9%. The growth of halal tourism in Germany can be attributed to a number of factors, such as the expanding Muslim population, development of halal services, and the rising importance of the country as a key European destination for Muslim travelers.

The aim of the project was to identify and compile the best available historical time series for Germany, and to complement or update them at reasonable expense. Time series were only to be included, if data for the entire period from 1834 to 2012 was at least theoretically available. An integral aspect of the concept of our project is the combination of data with critical commentaries of the time series by established expert scientists. The following themes are covered (authors in parentheses): 1. Environment, Climate, and Nature (Paul Erker) 2. Population, Households, Families (Georg Fertig/Franz Rothenbacher) 3. Migration (Jochen Oltmer) 4. Education and Science (Volker Müller-Benedict) 5. Health Service (Reinhard Spree) 6. Social Policy (Marcel Boldorf) 7. Public Finance and Taxation (Mark Spoerer) 8. Political Participation (Marc Debus) 9. Crime and Justice (Dietrich Oberwittler) 10. Work, Income, and Standard of Living (Toni Pierenkemper) 11. Culture, Tourism, and Sports (Heike Wolter/Bernd Wedemeyer-Kolwe) 12. Religion (Thomas Großbölting/Markus Goldbeck) 13. National Accounts (Rainer Metz) 14. Prices (Rainer Metz) 15. Money and Credit (Richard Tilly) 16. Transport and Communication (Christopher Kopper) 17. Agriculture (Michael Kopsidis) 18. Business, Industry, and Craft (Alfred Reckendrees) 19. Building and Housing (Günther Schulz) 20. Trade (Markus Lampe/ Nikolaus Wolf) 21. Balance of Payments (Nikolaus Wolf) 22. International Comparisons (Herman de Jong/Joerg Baten) Basically, the structure of a dataset is guided by the tables in the print publication by the Federal Agency. The print publication allows for four to eight tables for each of the 22 chapters, which means the data record is correspondingly made up of 120 tables in total. The inner structure of the dataset is a consequence of a German idiosyncrasy: the numerous territorial changes. To account for this idiosyncrasy, we decided on a four-fold data structure. Four territorial units with their respective data, are therefore differentiated in each table in separate columns: A German Confederation/Custom Union/German Reich (1834-1945).B German Federal Republic (1949-1989).C German Democratic Republic (1949-1989).D Germany since the reunification (since 1990). Years in parentheses should be considered a guideline only. It is possible that series for the territory of the old Federal Republic or the new federal states are continued after 1990, or that all-German data from before 1990 were available or were reconstructed.All time series are identified by a distinct ID consisting of an “x” and a four-digit number (for numbers under 1000 with leading zeros). The time series that exclusively contain GDR data were identified with a “c” prefix instead of the “x”.For the four territorial units, the time series are arranged in four blocks side by side within the XLSX files. That means: first all time series for the territory and the period of the Custom Union and German Reich, the next columns contain side by side all time series for the territory of the German Federal Republic / the old federal states, then – if available – those for the territory of the German Democratic Republic / the new federal states, and finally for the reunified Germany. There is at most one row for each year. Dates can be missing if no data for the respective year are available in either of the table’s time series, but no date will appear twice. The four territorial units and the resultant time periods cause a “stepwise” appearance of the data tables.

If you find anything missing, unclear, incomprehensible, improvable, etc., please contact me (kontakt@deutschland-in-daten.de). Further reading:Rahlf, Thomas, The German Time Series Dataset 1834-2012, in: Journal of Economics and Statistics 236/1 (2016), pp. 129-143. [DOI: 10.1515/jbnst-2015-1005] Open Access: Rahlf, Thomas, Voraussetzungen für eine Historische Statistik von Deutschland (19./20. Jh.), in: Vierteljahrschrift für Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte 101/3 (2014), S. 322-352. [PDF] Rahlf, Thomas (Hrsg.), Dokumentation zum Zeitreihendatensatz für Deutschland, 1834-2012, Version 01 (= Historical Social Research Transition 26v01), Köln 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.12759/hsr.trans.26.v01.2015Rahlf, Thomas (Hrsg.), Deutschland in Daten. Zeitreihen zur Historischen Statistik, Bonn: Bundeszentrale für Politische Bildung, 2015. [EconStor]

ALLBUS (GGSS - the German General Social Survey) is a biennial trend survey based on random samples of the German population. Established in 1980, its mission is to monitor attitudes, behavior, and social change in Germany. Each ALLBUS cross-sectional survey consists of one or two main question modules covering changing topics, a range of supplementary questions and a core module providing detailed demographic information. Additionally, data on the interview and the interviewers are provided as well. Key topics generally follow a 10-year replication cycle, many individual indicators and item batteries are replicated at shorter intervals.

The main question module of ALLBUS 2023 is ´Religion and World View.´ Another focus of the survey was the replication of questions from a broad range of topics. This included questions on lifestyle and personality, political attitudes, ethnocentrism and minorities as well as on social inequality.

ALLBUS 2023 was conducted in a mixed-mode design (CAPI (computer-assisted personal interview), MAIL (postal self-completion) and CAWI (computer-assisted web interview)).
Social monitoring of trends in attitudes, behavior, and societal change in the Federal Republic of Germany. The main topics in 2023 are:

1.) Lifestyle and personality 2.) Social inequality 3.) Religion and world view 4.) Ethnocentrism and minorities 5.) Political attitudes 6.) Other topics 7.) ALLBUS-Demography 8.) Data on the interview (paradata) 9.) Added value

Topics:

1.) Lifestyle and Personality: Internet use: frequency and type of device; frequency of reading books / e-books; importance of life aspects: family and children, work and occupation, free time and recreation, friends and acquaintances, relatives, religion and church, politics and public life, neighbours; social pessimism and orientation towards the future (anomia), interpersonal trust, overall life satisfaction, self-assessment of overall health.

2.) Social Inequality: Self-assessment of social class, fair share in standard of living, assessment of access to education, perceived prerequisites for success in society, attitudes towards social inequality and the welfare state, evaluation of personal social security; stance on extension or reduction in social services; attitudes towards different ideas of social justice.

3.) Religion and world view: Individual religiousness and attitudes towards religion:
religious belief and reason for being (religious cosmology, meaning of life), self-assessment of religiousness and spirituality, frequency of meditation, religious indifference, religious experiences in personal life, attitude towards alternative forms of belief and parabelief, belief in God; belief in a life after death; belief in heaven, hell, and miracles; belief in reincarnation; religious fundamentalism. Religious affiliation, religious rites and practices:
present and former denominational membership or other religious affiliation; leaving the church (reasons and when), frequency of church attendance or of visiting a house of worship, frequency of prayer; wish for religious funeral, married in church or according to religion, importance of religion in parental home, importance of religion in raising own children, baptism of children. Value orientations: Values and Life Goals Inventory (VaLiGo): wealth, experiencing community, hedonism, tolerance, tradition, self-reliance, achievement, conformity, stimulation, risk avoidance; individual value orientations (Klages): respect law and order, high standard of living, have power and influence, fantasy and creativity, security, help marginalized social groups, ability to assert oneself, industry and ambition, tolerance, political engagement, hedonism, faith in God, occupational achievement, self-realization; materialism / postmaterialism (Inglehart): importance of law and order, fighting rising prices, free expression of opinions and influence on governmental decisions; Moral attitudes:
moral assessment of deviant acts; attitude towards techniques of reproductive medicine; attitudes towards assisted suicide.

4.) Ethnocentrism and minorities: Attitude towards the influx of various groups of immigrants, attitudes towards the foreigners living in Germany, contacts with foreigners, pride in being a German, perceived consequences of presence of foreigners in Germany, ranking of citizenship requirements, social distance to ethnic minorities and foreigners, support for the teaching of Islam in public schools; support for the building of mosques in Germany, attitudes towards Islam (Islamophobia), perceived risks and chances with respect to refugees.

5.) Politics: Willingness to engage in different forms of political participation, confidence in public institutions and organizations (public health service, federal constitutional court, federal parliament (Bundestag), city or municipal administration, churches, judiciary, television, newspapers, universities, federal government, the...

This statistic displays the projected Muslim population proportions in selected European countries in 2050, by scenario. In 2010 the proportion of Muslims in the population of Germany was *** percent, compared with *** percent in the UK and *** percent in France. Depending on the different migration scenarios estimated here, Germany's share of Muslims in the population could rise up to **** percent of it's population by 2050, higher than both the UK and France, with projected Muslim populations of **** and ** percent respectively.

The Germany Monitor is an annual survey with the aim of empirically surveying the development of political and social moods and attitudes of the population nationwide. Each year, a new annual focus is set. A nationwide main survey and a regional in-depth survey are carried out. In the regional in-depth survey, only people in pre-selected districts are interviewed. These surveys are available in separate data sets.

The main survey of the Germany Monitor ´24 was conducted by the opinion research institute forsa on behalf of the Zentrum für Sozialforschung Halle e.V. (Halle Social Research Center). In the survey period 18.04.2024 - 24.05.2024, the German-speaking resident population aged 16 and over was surveyed in telephone interviews (CATI). The focus in 2024 was on “What kind of society do we want to live in?”. Central topics include social goals, the importance and perceived fulfillment of central civil liberties and ideas of a just or unjust society. Furthermore, established attitudinal concepts, including satisfaction with democracy, trust in institutions and populism, as well as socio-demographic characteristics are also surveyed in the current wave. Respondents were selected using a multi-stage random sample from an ADM selection frame including landline and mobile phone numbers (dual-frame sample) in a ratio of 70:30. 3,986 telephone interviews were conducted in total.
Opinion on general state responsibility for life risks such as illness or unemployment; solidarity with Germany as a whole, with East Germany, with West Germany; importance of civil liberties (freedom of religion, freedom of opinion, freedom of the press, freedom to demonstrate, freedom of property and the right to strike); assessment of the implementation of individual civil liberties; agreement with various statements on the restriction of civil liberties (religious symbols such as the headscarf or the cross should be banned in public buildings and schools, stricter regulation of social media such as Facebook, TikTok or Telegram threatens freedom of expression, freedom of the press must have its limits where people are insulted or slandered, freedom of assembly and demonstration must have its limits where people are hindered in their everyday lives, large private housing companies should be able to be nationalized, even if this affects freedom of ownership, the right to strike must have its limits where important areas of public transport infrastructure are affected, e.g. in the rail and aviation sectors); satisfaction with democracy in Germany according to the constitution; satisfaction with the functioning of democracy in Germany; attitude towards the idea of democracy; discrimination: Importance of reducing discrimination on various grounds (migration background, gender; age, poverty, religion or belief, political attitude or outlook, East German origin); assessment of current economic situation in Germany as a whole and in place of residence, as well as own economic situation; Extremism (In the national interest, a dictatorship is the better form of government under certain circumstances, What Germany needs now is a single strong party that embodies the national community as a whole, We should have a leader who rules Germany with a strong hand for the good of all, As in nature, the strongest should always prevail in society, Those who have always lived here should have more rights than those who moved here later); ideas of a just society (open answers recoded into categories, e.g. freedom and personal rights, equality and equal opportunities in general, social justice and support, etc.); split: ideas of an unjust society (open responses recoded into categories, e.g. social inequality and wealth distribution, pensions and poverty in old age, dysfunctional migration and integration, etc.); priority of climate protection vs. economic growth; priority of freedom vs. equality; priority of freedom vs. security; preferences with regard to more or less government spending on certain areas (targeted recruitment of qualified specialists and trainees from abroad, strengthening of structurally weak regions, subsidies for the establishment of large companies, improvement of roads, improvement of railroad infrastructure, improvement of educational infrastructure (schools, kindergartens, universities), strengthening of police and law enforcement, strengthening of the Bundeswehr); politicians strive for close contact with the population (responsiveness); party identification (general and party); political interest; populism (members of the German Bundestag should be exclusively committed to the will of the people, the people agree in principle on what needs to happen politically, politicians talk too much and do too little, an ordinary citizen would represent my interests better than a professional politician, what is called compromise in politics is in reality just a betrayal of principles, the people, and not the politicians, should make...

Subject of the datacompilation is the description of the natural and geographical population movement in modern german history.

Topics

Time Series Data in the downloadsystem HISTAT:

Population and Population Structure A.1 Size of Population and Population Growth A.2 Population Development in international comparison A.3 Population by age-groups A.4 Population by sex A.5 Population by municipal size A.6 Population by social characteristics (Family Status, Religious Denomination) A.7 Population by State/region (German States of FRG, GDR)

B. Population movement B.1 Marriages and Devorces B.2 Birth Statistics and Fertility Statistics B.3 Mortality B.4 Infant Mortality Statistics

C. Migration Statistics

D. Household Size and Family Structure

Introduction

Welcome to the English-German Bilingual Parallel Corpora dataset for Religion domain! This comprehensive dataset contains a vast collection of bilingual text data, carefully translated between English and German, to support the development of religion-specific language models and machine translation engines.

Dataset Content

Domain Specific Content

This Parallel Corpus is meticulously curated to capture the linguistic intricacies and domain-specific nuances inherent to the Religion domain.

Format and Structure

Usage and Application

General situation of young people of Turkish descent and their relationship to Germany and the Germans. Sense of belonging and identity. Integration. Society and politics.

1. General situation and relationship to Germany and the Germans: born in Germany; general life satisfaction; parents are still alive, parents live in Germany or abroad; own future rather in Germany, in Turkey, in Europe, or elsewhere; life satisfaction in Germany; positive and or disturbing characteristics of Germany; personal contacts with Germans: proportion of people of German origin in the circle of friends; origin of the two closest friends; readiness for a partnership with a non-Muslim partner (Muslims only).

2. Sense of belonging and identity: German nationality; intention to German citizenship; closeness to Germany and to Turkey; self-assessment of German and Turkish language skills; identity as a German Turk (Muslims only: or Muslim); culture and cultural alienation: religiousness and religious practice in everyday life; attitudes towards religion and society.

3. Integration: sense of acceptance as an equal citizen; frequency of discrimination experience in different situations; attitude towards integration (scale); information on personal immigrant background (generation); better integration of the generation of the parents or of the own generation; self-assessment of personal integration; important aspects with regard to the integration of immigrants (immigrants themselves, state and German society); realization of these aspects and measures.

4. Society and politics: future worries; interest in politics; satisfaction with democracy; opinion on immigration: more advantages or disadvantages by immigration for Germany; Germany should take more or less refugees.

Demography: sex; age; employment status; religious affiliation; Muslim affiliation; number of own children; marital status; duration of stay in Germany (age); memberships in clubs, associations, ecclesial and social organizations, and in groups, that maintain the traditions of the country of origin of the family; purpose of residence permit; graduation acquired; acquisition of graduation in Germany, in Turkey or elsewhere; highest education degree; highest in Turkey acquired education degree; occupational position; household income.

Also encoded was: respondent-ID; weighting factor; BIK-type of municipality; integration-INDEX.

This data set contains a subset of variables and respondents of the representative population survey "People in Germany 2021". A survey experiment integrated into the questionnaire explored the role of social crises and threat perception in fostering hostility towards out-groups. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four groups (splits 1 to 4), with three groups receiving different threat scenarios presented as conspiracy theories related to diseases, economic crises, and wars. The fourth group serves as a control group. Following the treatments, respondents’ general attitudes toward various ethnic and religious groups were assessed using a ‘feeling thermometer’, aiming to investigate the emergence of group-related intolerance as a consequence of perceived threats during crises. The data set contains all variables that were part of the experiment as well as control variables (age, gender, educational level, migration background, religious affiliation, survey mode, region of living, and political self-positioning on the left-right-scale.

Information on methodology, survey design and sampling of the survey can be found in the technical report: http://doi.org/10.25592/uhhfdm.12244