In 2023, Germany accounted for the largest production of renewable energy in Europe, with approximately 274 terawatt-hours of energy generated. Norway was the second-largest producer, with some 151 terawatt-hours less than Germany. In both countries, renewable energy production increased in 2023 compared to 2023.Germany and the Norway were also among the largest renewable energy consumers in Europe in 2023, while the largest renewable energy capacity was installed in Germany.

Germany led Europe in renewable energy consumption, with 2.78 exajoules consumed in 2023, up from 2.03 exajoules in 2015. France and Norway followed as the second and third largest consumers, highlighting a broader trend of increased renewable energy use across the continent. Renewable energy production and capacity Germany's dominance in renewable energy consumption is mirrored in its production and capacity figures. In 2023, Germany's renewable energy production amounted to approximately 272 terawatt-hours, far surpassing other European nations. The country also boasted the largest installed renewable energy capacity in Europe, with almost 167 gigawatts as of 2023. This substantial capacity allows Germany to meet its high renewable energy consumption needs and contributes to its leadership in the sector. European renewable energy landscape The broader European renewable energy landscape shows a promising growth. Total renewable energy consumption in Europe reached about 18 exajoules in 2023, marking a nine percent increase from the previous year. Wind power has emerged as the primary renewable source in the European Union's electricity mix since 2017, accounting for over 39 percent of the EU's renewable mix in 2023.

This table expresses the use of renewable energy as gross final consumption of energy. Figures are presented in an absolute way, as well as related to the total energy use in the Netherlands. The total gross final energy consumption in the Netherlands (the denominator used to calculate the percentage of renewable energy per ‘Energy sources and techniques’) can be found in the table as ‘Total, including non-renewables’ and Energy application ‘Total’. The gross final energy consumption for the energy applications ‘Electricity’ and ‘Heat’ are also available. With these figures the percentages of the different energy sources and applications can be calculated; these values are not available in this table. The gross final energy consumption for ‘Transport’ is not available because of the complexity to calculate this. More information on this can be found in the yearly publication ‘Hernieuwbare energie in Nederland’.

Renewable energy is energy from wind, hydro power, the sun, the earth, heat from outdoor air and biomass. This is energy from natural processes that is replenished constantly.

The figures are broken down into energy source/technique and into energy application (electricity, heat and transport).

This table focuses on the share of renewable energy according to the EU Renewable Energy Directive. Under this directive, countries can apply an administrative transfer by purchasing renewable energy from countries that have consumed more renewable energy than the agreed target. For 2020, the Netherlands has implemented such a transfer by purchasing renewable energy from Denmark. This transfer has been made visible in this table as a separate energy source/technique and two totals are included; a total with statistical transfer and a total without statistical transfer.

Figures for 2020 and before were calculated based on RED I; in accordance with Eurostat these figures will not be modified anymore. Inconsistencies with other tables undergoing updates may occur.

Data available from: 1990

Status of the figures: This table contains definite figures up to and including 2022 and figures of 2023 are revised provisional figures.

Changes as of January 2025 Renewable cooling has been added as Energy source and technique from 2021 onwards, in accordance with RED II. Figures for 2020 and earlier follow RED I definitions, renewable cooling isn’t a part of these definitions.
The energy application “Heat” has been renamed to “Heating and cooling”, in accordance with RED II definitions. RED II is the current Renewable Energy Directive which entered into force in 2021

Changes as of November 15th 2024 Figures for 2021-2023 have been adjusted. 2022 is now definitive, 2023 stays revised provisional. Because of new insights for windmills regarding own electricity use and capacity, figures on 2021 have been revised.

Changes as of March 2024: Figures of the total energy applications of biogas, co-digestion of manure and other biogas have been restored for 2021 and 2022. The final energy consumption of non-compliant biogas (according to RED II) was wrongly included in the total final consumption of these types of biogas. Figures of total biogas, total biomass and total renewable energy were not influenced by this and therefore not adjusted.

When will new figures be published? Provisional figures on the gross final consumption of renewable energy in broad outlines for the previous year are published each year in June. Revised provisional figures for the previous year appear each year in June.

In November all figures on the consumption of renewable energy in the previous year will be published. These figures remain revised provisional, definite figures appear in November two years after the reporting year. Most important (expected) changes between revised provisional figures in November and definite figures a year later are the figures on solar photovoltaic energy. The figures on the share of total energy consumption in the Netherlands could also still be changed by the availability of adjusted figures on total energy consumption.

As of February 2025, several countries across the European Union had established ambitious renewable power targets. Estonia and Sweden plan to achieve a 100 percent renewable electricity generation by 2030. In contrast, Poland's renewable targets for that year were just over 50 percent. According to the EU Renewable Energy Directive, countries in the European Union must reach a share of at least 42.5 percent of renewables in their total energy consumption, although the directive encourages to aim for 45 percent. Renewable energy pipeline in Europe The further deployment of renewable technologies in the region is essential to achieve these targets. As of February 2025, prospective wind energy projects in Europe’s renewable pipeline amounted to more than 645 gigawatts, although from this, only 22 megawatts were already in the construction stage. Northern Europe accounted for most of the wind energy planned capacity in the region. Regarding solar, Europe had a utility-scale prospective capacity of 255 gigawatts, with Southern Europe accounting for most of planned installations.
Europe’s wind and solar outlook In the next years, wind and solar installations are forecast to more than double in the European Union. It is estimated that in 2030, the region’s solar capacity will amount to some 625 gigawatts, growing from the 257 gigawatts operating at the end of 2023. For wind, forecasts point to an installed capacity of roughly 400 gigawatts by 2030. Approximately 20 percent of this capacity will correspond to offshore installations.

This table contains information about the Dutch production of renewable electricity, the number of installations used and the installed capacity of these installations. During production, a distinction is made between normalised gross production and non-standard gross and net production without normalisation.

Production of electricity is shown in million kilowatt hours and as a percentage of total electricity consumption in the Netherlands. The production of renewable electricity is compared with total electricity consumption and not against total electricity production. This choice is due to European conventions.

The data is broken down according to the type of energy source and the technique used to obtain the electricity. A distinction is made between four main categories: hydro power, wind energy, solar power and biomass.

Data available from: 1990.

Status of the figures: This table contains definite figures until 2022, revised provisional figures for 2023 and provvisional figures for 2024.

Changes as of March 10th 2025: Figures added for 2024.

Changes as of January 2025: Figures on the capacities of municipal waste and biogas are added for 2022 and 2023.

Changes as of November 2024: Figures about capacity are now published.

Changes as of November 2024: Figures for 2021- 2023 have been adjusted. 2022 is now definitive, 2023 stays revised provisional.Because of new insights for windmills regarding own electricity use and capacity, figures on 2021 have been revised. The capacity of solar photovoltaic from 2022 onwards is equal tot the system capacity of the installation. This means the maximal capacity with respect to the panel or the inverter.

Changes as of June 7th 2024: Revised provisional figures of 2023 have been added.

Changes as of March 7th 2024: Provisional figures of 2023 have been added. The gross electricity production with normalisation (according to RED II) is not yet known for some forms of biomass for 2023. When this applies a "." is displayed. RED II refers to the EU renewable energy directive which came into force in 2021.

Changes as of November 14th 2023: Figures of 2021 and 2022 have been updated. The status for figures of 2021 is now definite and the status for figures of 2022 is revised provisional. Figures of 2015-2020 have been revised in other tables on electricity. This revision has not been implemented in this table, as a result of which inconsitensies of (max) 80 GWh on a yearly basis are possible between the figures for biomass.

When will new figures be published? Provisional figures on electricity output for the previous year are published each year in February. Revised provisional figures on electricity output for the previous year are published each year in June. Definite figures on electricity output for the previous year are published each year in December.

European Renewable Power Generation by Country, 2023 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

The European Union's renewable energy generation capacity reached almost 614 gigawatts in 2022. The share of renewables in the EU's electricity sector was 37.6 percent in 2021.

This data set models the continental European electricity system, including demand and renewable energy inflows for the period 2012-2014.

The main features of the data set are:

High resolution (~50km, 1 hour) and large extent (Mainland Europe, 3 years)

Technical & economic characteristics of generators from real-world data and best available estimates

Synthetic wind and solar observations and forecasts from numerical weather prediction models, describing the full spatio-temporal structure of potential wind and solar production

The transmission system comprises 1494 buses and 2156 lines, and is fitted based on [1]. The location, capacity and fuel type for 969 real-world generators are given based on the information in [2], and these are supplied with full cost specifications estimated based on fuel type [3]. For each bus, signals for load [4, 5], wind and solar production is given for each hour of the three years, with the wind and solar signals based on meteorological weather data from [6,7]. Further, at hour 00 and 12, forecasts for the solar and wind production are given for the following 91 hours, based on weather data from [6]. All spatially-distributed data is aggregated to the nodal domain by summation/averaging over the area closest to each node.

Wind and solar signals and forecast are given as capacity factors, i.e. production relative to rated power. To use the renewable signals, a capacity layout must be specified, which assigns an installed solar and wind capacity to each node. We supply two sets of capacity layouts, both scaled so the mean yearly production of (solar, wind) is equal the mean yearly load across EU. The Uniform layout is scaled to make the capacity in each node proportional to the area aggregated by that node - i.e. capacity is distributed uniformly across EU. The Proportional layout is scaled to make the capacity in each node proportional to the area aggregated by that node times the mean yearly capacity factor of the resource at that node - i.e. capacity is installed preferentially in nodes with high capacity factors.

The data is intended for use in, e.g:

Operational studies on markets

Investment studies (generation capacity and transmission)

Evaluation of future energy scenarios

The source code used to generate this data is available at [9].

Version History:

V1.2:

Line information extended with data on the number of parallel lines in each connection.

Fixed generator capacity typos.

V1.1: License relaxed to CC-BY

V1.0: Initial Release

This scatter chart displays electricity production from hydroelectric sources (% of total) against renewable energy consumption (% of total final energy consumption) and is filtered where the continent is Europe. The data is about countries.

This map layer is part of the Renewable Energy Atlas of Flanders. This map layer is based on the public VREG list of green electricity production installations for solar energy. This concerns installations commissioned up to and including 31/12/2015, of which VREG approved and processed the application for the granting of green power certificates and/or guarantees and origin until 16/05/2016. The production was estimated based on the installed capacity and an average yield. Large PV installations were located based on their address and the remaining (private) installations were distributed proportionally over the available roof area within each municipality. The results are presented here at the level of statistical sectors. The figures per municipality can also be consulted in the attached table.

(1) Output of the Renewable Energy Model (REM) as described in Insights into weather-driven extremes in Europe’s resources for renewable energy (Ho and Fiedler, 2024), last modification on 30.10.2023 from Linh Ho, named year_PV_wind_generation_v2.nc, with 23 years from 1995 to 2017. REM includes one simulation of photovoltaic (PV) power production and one simulation of wind power production across European domain, with a horizontal resolution of 48 km, hourly output for the period 1995--2017.

The output has a European domain with the same size as in the reanalysis dataset COSMO-REA6. This is a rotated grid with the coordinates of the rotated North Pole −162.0, 39.25, and of the lower left corner −23.375, −28.375. See Bollmeyer et al. (2014, http://doi.org/10.1002/qj.2486). Data downloaded from https://opendata.dwd.de/climate_environment/REA/COSMO_REA6/

(2) Weather pattern classification daily for Europe from 1995 to April 2020, named EGWL_LegacyGWL.txt, from James (2007, http://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-006-0239-3)

(3) The installation data of PV and wind power in Europe for one scenario in 2050 from the CLIMIX model, processed to have the same horizontal resolution as in REM, named installed_capacity_PV_wind_power_from_CLIMIX_final.nc. Original data were provided at 0.11 degree resolution, acquired from personal communication with the author from Jerez et al. (2015, http://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.09.041)

(4) Python scripts of REM, including: - model_PV_wind_complete_v2.py: the main script to produce REM output - model_PV_wind_potential_v2.py: produce potential (capacity factor) of PV and wind power for model evaluations, e.g., against CDS and Renewables Ninja data, as descript in Ho and Fiedler (2024) - model_PV_wind_complete_v1_ONLYyear2000.py: a separate Python script to produce REM output only for the year 2000. Note that the data for 2000 from COSMO-REA6 were read in a different approach (using cfgrib) probably due to the time stamp changes at the beginning of the milenium, also explains the larger size of the final output - utils_LH_archive_Oct2022.py: contains necessary Python functions to run the other scripts

(5) Jupyter notebook files to reproduce the figures in Ho and Fiedler (2024), named Paper1_Fig*_**.ipynb

(6) Time series of European-aggregated PV and wind power production hourly during the period 1995--2017, processed data from the dataset (1) to facilitate the reproduction of the figures, including two installations scale-2019 and scenario-2050: - Timeseries_all_hourly_1995_2017_GW_scale2019.csv - Timeseries_all_hourly_1995_2017_GW_scen2050.csv

The names of the ten winners of the call for expressions of interest “Territories 100 % renewable energies”, of which 2 territories are located in the Orne (PTER du Perche Ornais and Communauté Urbaine d’Alençon) were announced Wednesday, 14 February 2018. The Normandy Region and ADEME will support the projects of these 10 territories.

These territories will benefit from grants from the Region amounting to EUR 20 000 and subsidisation of grants) and from ADEME financing on engineering. By 2019, these ten territories will have to have a strategy and an action plan. The objective is to cover, by 2040, their full energy consumption through the production of renewable energy, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, develop a Norman economic sector, and create non-relocable jobs. Norman objectives As a leader in energy, the Region must support the territories to achieve the objectives set by the SRCAE (Regional Air Energy Climate Plans) and the future SRADDET (Regional Planning, Sustainable Development and Territorial Equality Scheme), in line with the commitments of national policies. In 2020, France is expected to produce 23 % renewable energy in the French energy mix. At Normandy level, these targets lead to a 202 % increase in renewable heat production by 2020, compared to 2012, and 1000 % for renewable electricity generation.

validity: may 2018

This map layer is part of the Renewable Energy Atlas of Flanders. This map layer is based on the VREG list of green energy production installations for biomass, version 3/03/2016. This includes installations that only produce electricity and installations that produce both electricity and heat (or CHP installations). Biomass installations that only produce heat are therefore not part of this map. General key figures are usually used to estimate production. For larger production plants and waste incinerators, actual production figures (from annual reports, for example) were used as a maximum. Moreover, only the renewable share of production is included in the Energy Atlas. The figures per municipality can also be consulted in the attached table.

Nordic countries Sweden and Finland had the largest shares of domestic electricity produced from clean sources among EU countries in 2023, with around 98 and 94 percent, respectively. Hydropower, nuclear, and wind energy were the main sources of electricity in Sweden. In contrast, in Malta, one of the European countries with the smallest shares of clean electricity generated, natural gas accounted for the largest share of power production.

Annual production of electricity from renewable energy sources in Vienna by energy source in GWh

About the Project Recognizing the limitations of common metrics for measuring how renewable energy should be incentivized and how its impact should be measured, the project on renewable energy in the European Union grows out of our academic research into calculating the direct and indirect costs of the various incentive schemes found in the United Kingdom and Europe. Noting that the fluctuating output of renewable energy, at incentivized prices, under dispatch priority creates a cost for conventional generators forced to reduce capacity and reprioritize their plant, we introduce financial option theory to measure the burden upon conventional fossil fuel in hedging against the consequent exposure. The option analytic model was first applied to data for the United Kingdom before being used upon the major countries of the European Union, yielding similar results. As detailed in our research, according to the metric return on capital employed, renewable energy support schemes produced generous rewards with little risks to private investors at a time when Europe’s major energy utilities were earning less than their cost of capital. Using financial option method, we are able to calculate the indirect costs of renewable energy upon incumbents in managing random renewable output under dispatch priority, and find it to be very expensive. The key outcome of this project is showing the economic inefficiency of the European Union support schemes for renewable energy. For the U.K. and the rest of Europe, the indirect costs imposed upon incumbent utilities and generators in accepting the output from renewable energy generators were significant with burdens falling upon all stakeholders.

European Gross Electricity Production from Renewable Municipal Waste by Country, 2023 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

European Gross Electricity Production from Non-Renewable Industrial Waste by Country, 2023 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

According to Cognitive Market Research, the global Renewable energy market size will be USD 1124514.6 million in 2024. It will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.00% from 2024 to 2031.

North America held the major market share for more than 40% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 449805.84 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.2% from 2024 to 2031.
Europe accounted for a market share of over 30% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 337354.38 million.
Asia Pacific held a market share of around 23% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 258638.36 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.0% from 2024 to 2031.
Latin America had a market share of more than 5% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 56225.73 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.4% from 2024 to 2031.
Middle East and Africa had a market share of around 2% of the global revenue and was estimated at a market size of USD 22490.29 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.7% from 2024 to 2031.
The Solar PV segment is the dominant category in the renewable energy market, driven by its widespread adoption and decreasing cost

Market Dynamics of Renewable energy Market

Key Drivers for Renewable energy Market

Rising Global Awareness About Climate Change to Boost Market Growth

As climate change concerns intensify worldwide, there is a significant push for sustainable energy sources. The environmental impact of fossil fuels, including carbon emissions, has led governments, businesses, and individuals to prioritize the transition to renewable energy. This shift is further supported by scientific studies linking climate change to extreme weather patterns, which has made the public more conscious of the urgent need for eco-friendly energy solutions. Governments are increasingly setting ambitious renewable energy targets, which are contributing to the accelerated adoption of clean energy technologies globally. For instance, In February 2023, Green World Renewable Energy LLC launched innovative solar panel and combiner box at ISNA, solar storage exhibition. This solar energy product provides a reliable and efficient solution for harnessing the power of the sun. This system is designed to meet the growing demand for renewable energy sources and provides a clean, cost-effective, and sustainable alternative to traditional energy sources

Technological Advancements Reducing Costs to Drive Market Growth

The renewable energy market has witnessed significant technological advancements, particularly in solar and wind energy production, which have driven down production and installation costs. Innovations such as more efficient photovoltaic panels, larger and more efficient wind turbines, and energy storage systems have made renewable energy more affordable and accessible. As these technologies continue to evolve, economies of scale are improving, further reducing the cost of renewable energy generation. The decreasing costs, combined with increased efficiency, have encouraged both private and public sector investments, contributing to the market's growth.

Restraint Factor for the Renewable energy Market

High Initial Capital Investment, will Limit Market Growth

Despite the long-term savings and environmental benefits, one of the key barriers to the widespread adoption of renewable energy is the high upfront capital investment required for infrastructure development. The installation of solar panels, wind turbines, and other renewable energy systems demands substantial financial resources, which can be a deterrent for smaller businesses or individuals. Although costs have decreased over the years, the financial commitment for setting up renewable energy facilities, including grid integration, can still be prohibitive. This makes it challenging for emerging economies or less affluent communities to transition to renewable energy solutions.

Impact of Covid-19 on the Renewable energy Market

Covid-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the renewable energy market, causing delays in project timelines and disruptions in supply chains. Global lockdowns led to the temporary closure of manufacturing plants, resulting in shortages of essential components like solar panels and wind turbine parts. Construction activities were also hinde...

In 2023, Germany was the country with the greatest electricity production volume among all EU members, at 61,216 gigawatt hours. This was similar to the combined electricity production of Italy and Spain.