VITAL SIGNS INDICATOR List Rents (EC9)

FULL MEASURE NAME List Rents

LAST UPDATED October 2016

DESCRIPTION List rent refers to the advertised rents for available rental housing and serves as a measure of housing costs for new households moving into a neighborhood, city, county or region.

DATA SOURCE real Answers (1994 – 2015) no link

Zillow Metro Median Listing Price All Homes (2010-2016) http://www.zillow.com/research/data/

CONTACT INFORMATION vitalsigns.info@mtc.ca.gov

METHODOLOGY NOTES (across all datasets for this indicator) List rents data reflects median rent prices advertised for available apartments rather than median rent payments; more information is available in the indicator definition above. Regional and local geographies rely on data collected by real Answers, a research organization and database publisher specializing in the multifamily housing market. real Answers focuses on collecting longitudinal data for individual rental properties through quarterly surveys. For the Bay Area, their database is comprised of properties with 40 to 3,000+ housing units. Median list prices most likely have an upward bias due to the exclusion of smaller properties. The bias may be most extreme in geographies where large rental properties represent a small portion of the overall rental market. A map of the individual properties surveyed is included in the Local Focus section.

Individual properties surveyed provided lower- and upper-bound ranges for the various types of housing available (studio, 1 bedroom, 2 bedroom, etc.). Median lower- and upper-bound prices are determined across all housing types for the regional and county geographies. The median list price represented in Vital Signs is the average of the median lower- and upper-bound prices for the region and counties. Median upper-bound prices are determined across all housing types for the city geographies. The median list price represented in Vital Signs is the median upper-bound price for cities. For simplicity, only the mean list rent is displayed for the individual properties. The metro areas geography rely upon Zillow data, which is the median price for rentals listed through www.zillow.com during the month. Like the real Answers data, Zillow's median list prices most likely have an upward bias since small properties are underrepresented in Zillow's listings. The metro area data for the Bay Area cannot be compared to the regional Bay Area data. Due to afore mentioned data limitations, this data is suitable for analyzing the change in list rents over time but not necessarily comparisons of absolute list rents. Metro area boundaries reflects today’s metro area definitions by county for consistency, rather than historical metro area boundaries.

Due to the limited number of rental properties surveyed, city-level data is unavailable for Atherton, Belvedere, Brisbane, Calistoga, Clayton, Cloverdale, Cotati, Fairfax, Half Moon Bay, Healdsburg, Hillsborough, Los Altos Hills, Monte Sereno, Moranga, Oakley, Orinda, Portola Valley, Rio Vista, Ross, San Anselmo, San Carlos, Saratoga, Sebastopol, Windsor, Woodside, and Yountville.

Inflation-adjusted data are presented to illustrate how rents have grown relative to overall price increases; that said, the use of the Consumer Price Index does create some challenges given the fact that housing represents a major chunk of consumer goods bundle used to calculate CPI. This reflects a methodological tradeoff between precision and accuracy and is a common concern when working with any commodity that is a major component of CPI itself. Percent change in inflation-adjusted median is calculated with respect to the median price from the fourth quarter or December of the base year.

Graph and download economic data for Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Rent of Primary Residence in U.S. City Average (CUUR0000SEHA) from Dec 1914 to May 2025 about primary, rent, urban, consumer, CPI, inflation, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

Displacement risk indicator classifying census tracts according to apartment rent prices in census tracts. We classify apartment rent along two dimensions:The median rents within the census tract for the specified year, balancing between nominal rental price and rental price per square foot.The change in median rent price (again balanced between nominal rent price and price per square foot) from the previous year.Note: Median rent calculations include market-rate and mixed-income multifamily apartment properties with 5 or more rental units in Seattle, excluding special types like student, senior, corporate or military housing.Source: Data from CoStar Group, www.costar.com, prepared by City of Seattle, Office of Planning and Community Development

In the second half of 2024, the average monthly per kilowatt rent of data centers in the Silicon Valley in the United States was between *** U.S. dollars and *** U.S. dollars. Northern Virginia, which is the market with the largest data center inventory and the most new capacity under construction, had monthly rent between *** and *** U.S. dollars.

What is Rental Data?

Rental data encompasses detailed information about residential rental properties, including single-family homes, multifamily units, and large apartment complexes. This data often includes key metrics such as rental prices, occupancy rates, property amenities, and detailed property descriptions. Advanced rental datasets integrate listings directly sourced from property management software systems, ensuring real-time accuracy and eliminating reliance on outdated or scraped information.

Additional Rental Data Details

The rental data is sourced from over 20,000 property managers via direct feeds and property management platforms, covering over 30 percent of the national rental housing market for diverse and broad representation. Real-time updates ensure data remains current, while verified listings enhance accuracy, avoiding errors typical of survey-based or scraped datasets. The dataset includes 14+ million rental units with detailed descriptions, rich photography, and amenities, offering address-level granularity for precise market analysis. Its extensive coverage of small multifamily and single-family rentals sets it apart from competitors focused on premium multifamily properties.

Rental Data Includes:

• Property Types
• Single-Family Rentals
• Small Multi-family Units
• Premium Apartments
• 16,000+ ZIP Codes
• 800+ MSAs
• Pricing Trends
• Lease Terms Amenities

Description: This data provides a range of statistics on residential rental prices. Data is available on average rental prices (€ per month) for property types by bedroom size – all bedrooms and then 1 to 4 bedrooms.The RTB Rent Index is the most accurate and authoritative report of its kind on the private rental sector in Ireland. The index is based on the RTB’s national register of tenancies and captures actual rents being paid for rented properties, rather than asking prices. The RTB Average Rent Dataset reports on the average rent in a number of locations around the country. The dashboards provide an annual view of transactions from 2008 to 2022.Geography available in RDM: State, Regional Assembly and Strategic Planning Area (SPA), County (26), Key Settlements.Source: Residential Tenancies Board (RTB)Weblink: https://data.cso.ie/table/RIQ02Date of last source data update: August 2023Update Schedule: Annual

Rents in Germany continued to increase in all seven major cities in 2024. The average rent per square meter in Munich was approximately **** euros — the highest in the country. Conversely, Düsseldorf had the most affordable rent, at approximately **** euros per square meter. But how does renting compare to buying? According to the house price to rent ratio, house prices in Germany have risen faster than rents, making renting more affordable than buying. Affordability of housing in Germany In 2023, Germany was among the European countries with a relatively high house price to income ratio in Europe. The indicator compares the affordability of housing across OECD countries and is calculated as the nominal house prices divided by nominal disposable income per head, with 2015 chosen as a base year. Between 2012 and 2022, property prices in the country rose much faster than income, with the house price to income index peaking at *** index points at the beginning of 2022. Slower house price growth in the following years has led to the index declining, as incomes catch up. Nevertheless, homebuyers in 2024 faced significantly higher mortgage interest rates, contributing to a higher final cost. How much does buying a property in Germany cost? Just as with renting, Munich was the most expensive city for newly built apartments. In 2024, the cost per square meter in Munich was almost ***** euros pricier than in the runner-up city, Frankfurt. Detached and semi-detached houses are usually more expensive. The price gap between Munich and the second most expensive city, Stuttgart, was nearly ***** euros per square meter.

Graph and download economic data for Producer Price Index by Commodity: Real Estate Services (Partial): Retail Properties, Gross Rents (WPU43110201) from Apr 2009 to Jun 2025 about rent, real estate, gross, retail, services, commodities, PPI, inflation, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

Price to Rent Ratio in the United States increased to 134.20 in the fourth quarter of 2024 from 133.60 in the third quarter of 2024. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for the United States Price to Rent Ratio.

Germany DE: Rent Price Index: sa data was reported at 115.012 2015=100 in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 112.600 2015=100 for 2023. Germany DE: Rent Price Index: sa data is updated yearly, averaging 63.513 2015=100 from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2024, with 65 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 115.012 2015=100 in 2024 and a record low of 13.547 2015=100 in 1960. Germany DE: Rent Price Index: sa data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.AHPI: House Price Index: Seasonally Adjusted: OECD Member: Annual.

Graph and download economic data for Rental Vacancy Rate in the United States (RRVRUSQ156N) from Q1 1956 to Q1 2025 about vacancy, rent, rate, and USA.

South Korea Rent Price Index: sa data was reported at 108.443 2015=100 in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 108.179 2015=100 for 2023. South Korea Rent Price Index: sa data is updated yearly, averaging 79.293 2015=100 from Dec 1985 (Median) to 2024, with 40 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 108.443 2015=100 in 2024 and a record low of 36.533 2015=100 in 1985. South Korea Rent Price Index: sa data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s South Korea – Table KR.OECD.AHPI: House Price Index: Seasonally Adjusted: OECD Member: Annual.

United States US: Price to Rent Ratio: sa data was reported at 134.118 2015=100 in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 133.710 2015=100 for 2023. United States US: Price to Rent Ratio: sa data is updated yearly, averaging 99.069 2015=100 from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2024, with 55 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 137.672 2015=100 in 2022 and a record low of 89.669 2015=100 in 1997. United States US: Price to Rent Ratio: sa data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.OECD.AHPI: House Price Index: Seasonally Adjusted: OECD Member: Annual. Nominal house prices divided by rent price indices

Amsterdam is set to maintain its position as Europe's most expensive city for apartment rentals in 2025, with median costs reaching 2,500 euros per month for a furnished unit. This figure is double the rent in Prague and significantly higher than other major European capitals like Paris, Berlin, and Madrid. The stark difference in rental costs across European cities reflects broader economic trends, housing policies, and the complex interplay between supply and demand in urban centers. Factors driving rental costs across Europe The disparity in rental prices across European cities can be attributed to various factors. In countries like Switzerland, Germany, and Austria, a higher proportion of the population lives in rental housing. This trend contributes to increased demand and potentially higher living costs in these nations. Conversely, many Eastern and Southern European countries have homeownership rates exceeding 90 percent, which may help keep rental prices lower in those regions. Housing affordability and market dynamics The relationship between housing prices and rental rates varies significantly across Europe. As of 2024, countries like Turkey, Iceland, Portugal, and Hungary had the highest house price to rent ratio indices. This indicates a widening gap between property values and rental costs since 2015. The affordability of homeownership versus renting differs greatly among European nations, with some countries experiencing rapid increases in property values that outpace rental growth. These market dynamics influence rental costs and contribute to the diverse rental landscape observed across European cities.

Renting data center space in the United States has been becoming increasingly pricier since 2021. Fueled by soaring demand due to the rise of artificial intelligence (AI), the average monthly rent per kilowatt increased from ****** U.S. dollars in 2021 to ****** U.S. dollars in 2024.

Spain ES: Rent Price Index: sa data was reported at 112.558 2015=100 in Mar 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 111.935 2015=100 for Dec 2024. Spain ES: Rent Price Index: sa data is updated quarterly, averaging 46.219 2015=100 from Mar 1961 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 257 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 112.558 2015=100 in Mar 2025 and a record low of 3.357 2015=100 in Mar 1961. Spain ES: Rent Price Index: sa data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Spain – Table ES.OECD.AHPI: House Price Index: Seasonally Adjusted: OECD Member: Quarterly.

The average data center rental cost in Europe in the second half of 2023 declined slightly, after soaring in the same period a year ago. A 10 kW lease cost approximately ***** U.S. dollars per kW, up from ***** U.S. dollars per kW at the beginning of 2022.

Graph and download economic data for Average Sales Price of Houses Sold for the United States (ASPUS) from Q1 1963 to Q1 2025 about sales, housing, and USA.

Turkey TR: Rent Price Index: sa data was reported at 1,297.872 2015=100 in Mar 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 1,115.318 2015=100 for Dec 2024. Turkey TR: Rent Price Index: sa data is updated quarterly, averaging 30.185 2015=100 from Mar 1982 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 173 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,297.872 2015=100 in Mar 2025 and a record low of 0.002 2015=100 in Mar 1982. Turkey TR: Rent Price Index: sa data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.OECD.AHPI: House Price Index: Seasonally Adjusted: OECD Member: Quarterly.

Sweden SE: Rent Price Index: sa data was reported at 119.105 2015=100 in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 113.178 2015=100 for 2023. Sweden SE: Rent Price Index: sa data is updated yearly, averaging 63.966 2015=100 from Dec 1963 (Median) to 2024, with 62 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 119.105 2015=100 in 2024 and a record low of 4.616 2015=100 in 1963. Sweden SE: Rent Price Index: sa data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Sweden – Table SE.OECD.AHPI: House Price Index: Seasonally Adjusted: OECD Member: Annual.