Fair Market Rents (FMRs) are used to determine payment standard amounts for the Housing Choice Voucher program, to determine initial renewal rents for some expiring project-based Section 8 contracts, to determine initial rents for housing assistance payment (HAP) contracts in the Moderate Rehabilitation Single Room Occupancy program (Mod Rehab), rent ceilings for rental units in both the HOME Investment Partnerships program and the Emergency Solution Grants program, calculation of maximum award amounts for Continuum of Care recipients and the maximum amount of rent a recipient may pay for property leased with Continuum of Care funds, and calculation of flat rents in Public Housing units. The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) annually estimates FMRs for Office of Management and Budget (OMB) defined metropolitan areas, some HUD defined subdivisions of OMB metropolitan areas and each nonmetropolitan county. 42 USC 1437f requires FMRs be posted at least 30 days before they are effective and that they are effective at the start of the federal fiscal year (generally October 1).

In California, the estimated fair market rent for a two-bedroom accommodation amounted to 2,464 U.S. dollars in 2024. It was one of the least affordable states in terms of housing that year, as someone would need to earn at least twice the minimum wage to afford a two-bedroom rental unit there.

Virginia (VA) has the 19th highest rent in the country out of 56 states and territories. The Fair Market Rent in Virginia ranges from $701 for a 2-bedroom apartment in Grayson County, VA to $1,765 for a 2-bedroom unit in Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD HUD Metro FMR Area.

For FY 2024, the Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD HUD Metro FMR Area (Arlington County) rent for a studio or efficiency is $1,772 per month and $3,015 per month to rent a house or an apartment with 4 bedrooms. The average Fair Market Rent for a 2-bedroom home in Virginia is $1,056 per month.

Approximately 15% of Americans qualify for some level of housing assistance. The population in Virginia is around 2,038,847 people. So, there are around 305,827 people in Virginia who could be receiving housing benefits from the HUD. For FY 2025, the Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD HUD Metro FMR Area (Arlington County) rent for a studio or efficiency is $2,012 per month and $3,413 per month to rent a house or an apartment with 4 bedrooms. The average Fair Market Rent for a 2-bedroom home in Virginia is $1,059 per month.

Rent estimates at the 50th percentile (or median) are calculated for all Fair Market Rent areas. Fair Market Rents (FMRs) are primarily used to determine payment standard amounts for the Housing Choice Voucher program, to determine initial renewal rents for some expiring project-based Section 8 contracts, to determine initial rents for housing assistance payment (HAP) contracts in the Moderate Rehabilitation Single Room Occupancy program (Mod Rehab), and to serve as a rent ceiling in the HOME rental assistance program. FMRs are gross rent estimates. They include the shelter rent plus the cost of all tenant-paid utilities, except telephones, cable or satellite television service, and internet service. The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) annually estimates FMRs for 530 metropolitan areas and 2,045 nonmetropolitan county FMR areas. Under certain conditions, as set forth in the Interim Rule (Federal Register Vol. 65, No. 191, Monday October 2, 2000, pages 58870-58875), these 50th percentile rents can be used to set success rate payment standards.

Fair Market Rents (FMRs) represent the estimated amount (base rent + essential utilities) that a property in a given area typically rents for. The data is primarily used to determine payment standard amounts for the Housing Choice Voucher program; however, FMRs are also used to:

Determine initial renewal rents for expiring project-based Section 8 contracts;

Determine initial rents for housing assistance payment (HAP) contracts in the Moderate Rehabilitation Single Room Occupancy program (Mod Rehab), rent ceilings for rental units in both the HOME Investment Partnerships program and the Emergency Solution Grants (ESG) program;

Calculate of maximum award amounts for Continuum of Care recipients and the maximum amount of rent a recipient may pay for property leased with Continuum of Care funds, and;

Calculate flat rent amounts in Public Housing Units.

Data is updated annualy in accordance with 42 USC 1437f which requires FMRs be posted at least 30 days before they are effective and that they are effective at the start of the federal fiscal year, October 1st.In order to calculate rents for units with more than four bedrooms, an extra 15% cost is added to the four bedroom unit value. The formula is to multiply the four bedroom rent by 1.15. For example, in FY21 the rent for a four bedroom unit in the El Centro, California Micropolitan Statistical Area is $1,444. The rent for a five bedroom unit would be $1,444 * 1.15 or $1,661. Each subsequent bedroom is an additional 15%. A six bedroom unit would be $1,444 * 1.3 or $1,877. These values are not included in the feature service.

To learn more about Fair Market Rents visit: https://www.huduser.gov/portal/datasets/fmr.html/, for questions about the spatial attribution of this dataset, please reach out to us at GISHelpdesk@hud.gov. Data Dictionary: DD_Fair Market Rents

Date of Coverage: FY2024 : Oct. 1 - Sept. 30

Fair Market Rents (FMRs) represent the estimated amount (base rent + essential utilities) that a property in a given area typically rents for. The data is primarily used to determine payment standard amounts for the Housing Choice Voucher program; however, FMRs are also used to:

Determine initial renewal rents for expiring project-based Section 8 contracts;

Determine initial rents for housing assistance payment (HAP) contracts in the Moderate Rehabilitation Single Room Occupancy program (Mod Rehab), rent ceilings for rental units in both the HOME Investment Partnerships program and the Emergency Solution Grants (ESG) program;

Calculate of maximum award amounts for Continuum of Care recipients and the maximum amount of rent a recipient may pay for property leased with Continuum of Care funds, and;

Calculate flat rent amounts in Public Housing Units.

Data is updated annualy in accordance with 42 USC 1437f which requires FMRs be posted at least 30 days before they are effective and that they are effective at the start of the federal fiscal year, October 1st.In order to calculate rents for units with more than four bedrooms, an extra 15% cost is added to the four bedroom unit value. The formula is to multiply the four bedroom rent by 1.15. For example, in FY21 the rent for a four bedroom unit in the El Centro, California Micropolitan Statistical Area is $1,444. The rent for a five bedroom unit would be $1,444 * 1.15 or $1,661. Each subsequent bedroom is an additional 15%. A six bedroom unit would be $1,444 * 1.3 or $1,877. These values are not included in the feature service.

To learn more about Fair Market Rents visit: https://www.huduser.gov/portal/datasets/fmr.html/

Data Dictionary: DD_Fair Market Rents

Date of Coverage: FY2022 Data Updated: Annuallyhttps://catalog.data.gov/dataset/fair-market-rents-fair-market-rents-for-the-section-8-housing-assistance-payments-program-

In 2024, a two-bedroom apartment in New York HMFA cost about 2,752 U.S. dollars in fair monthly rent, making it the most expensive metropolitan area in New York. Nassau-Suffolk HMFA ranked second most expensive with monthly rent of over 2,500 U.S. dollars for a two-bedroom apartment. On the other hand, Utica-Rome MSA and Yates County HMFA were the least costly, requiring renters to spend at least 992 and 1066 U.S. dollars, respectively in monthly rent for a two-bedroom apartment. These rents were higher than the monthly rent required for a two bedroom apartment in Florida in 2024.

The global housing rental service platform market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing urbanization, the rising popularity of short-term rentals, and the expanding adoption of technology in property management. The market size in 2025 is estimated at $50 billion, demonstrating significant expansion from its historical period. This growth is projected to continue at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 15% from 2025 to 2033, reaching an estimated market value of $150 billion by 2033. Key drivers include the convenience and efficiency offered by online platforms, enabling property owners to manage their listings and tenants to search and book properties easily. Furthermore, the integration of advanced features such as virtual tours, online payment processing, and sophisticated search filters enhances user experience and drives market expansion. Emerging trends, such as the integration of AI for property pricing and tenant screening, along with the rise of subscription-based rental models, are further fueling market growth. However, regulatory challenges related to data privacy and fair housing practices, as well as competition from traditional real estate agencies, pose some restraints on market growth. The competitive landscape is highly dynamic, with a mix of established players like Zillow, Trulia, and RealPage, and innovative startups such as Rentberry and Spotahome vying for market share. Geographic expansion into emerging markets, particularly in Asia and Latin America, presents significant opportunities for growth. Companies are increasingly focusing on enhancing their platforms’ functionalities by integrating advanced technologies like AI and machine learning to improve tenant screening, property valuation, and risk management. Differentiation strategies, such as offering specialized services catering to specific demographics or property types, are also becoming increasingly crucial for success in this competitive market. The overall outlook remains positive, with substantial growth potential driven by technological advancements and evolving consumer preferences.

Rent estimates at the 50th percentile (or median) are calculated for all Fair Market Rent areas. Fair Market Rents (FMRs) are primarily used to determine payment standard amounts for the Housing Choice Voucher program, to determine initial renewal rents for some expiring project-based Section 8 contracts, to determine initial rents for housing assistance payment (HAP) contracts in the Moderate Rehabilitation Single Room Occupancy program (Mod Rehab), and to serve as a rent ceiling in the HOME rental assistance program. FMRs are gross rent estimates. They include the shelter rent plus the cost of all tenant-paid utilities, except telephones, cable or satellite television service, and internet service. The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) annually estimates FMRs for 530 metropolitan areas and 2,045 nonmetropolitan county FMR areas. Under certain conditions, as set forth in the Interim Rule (Federal Register Vol. 65, No. 191, Monday October 2, 2000, pages 58870-58875), these 50th percentile rents can be used to set success rate payment standards.

Rents for industrial real estate in the U.S. have increased since 2017, with flexible/service space reaching the highest price per square foot in 2024. In just a year, the cost of, flex/service space rose by nearly *****U.S. dollars per square foot. Manufacturing facilities, warehouses, and distribution centers had lower rents and experienced milder growth. Los Angeles, Orange County, and Inland Empire, California, are some of the most expensive markets in the country. Office real estate is pricier Industrial real estate is far from being the most expensive commercial property type. For instance, average rental rates in major U.S. metros for office space are much higher than those for industrial space. This is most likely because office units are generally located in urban areas where there is limited space and thus higher demand, whereas industrial units are more suited to the outskirts of such urban areas. Industrial units, such as warehouses or factories, require much more space because they need to house large, heavy equipment or serve as a storage unit for future shipments. Big-box distribution space is gaining in importance Warehouses and distribution may currently command the lowest average rent per square foot among industrial space types, but the growing popularity of the asset class has earned it considerable gains over the past years. In 2021 and 2022, high occupier demand and insufficient supply led to soaring taking rent of big-box buildings. During that time, the vacancy rate of distribution centers fell below ****percent. The development of industrial and logistics facilities has accelerated since then, with the new supply coming to market, causing the vacancy rate to increase and the pressures on rent to ease.

Zillow Properties Listing dataset to access detailed real estate listings, including property prices, locations, and features. Popular use cases include market analysis, property valuation, and investment decision-making in the real estate sector.

Use our Zillow Properties Listing Information dataset to access detailed real estate listings, including property features, pricing trends, and location insights. This dataset is perfect for real estate agents, investors, market analysts, and property developers looking to analyze housing markets, identify investment opportunities, and assess property values.

Leverage this dataset to track pricing patterns, compare property features, and forecast market trends across different regions. Whether you're evaluating investment prospects or optimizing property listings, the Zillow Properties dataset offers essential information for making data-driven real estate decisions.

Dataset Features

• zpid: Unique property identifier assigned by Zillow.
• city: The name of the city where the property is located.
• state: The state in which the property is located.
• homeStatus: Indicates the current status of the property
• address: The full address of the property, including street, city, and state.
• isListingClaimedByCurrentSignedInUser: This field shows if the current Zillow user has claimed ownership of the listing.
• isCurrentSignedInAgentResponsible: This field indicates whether the currently signed-in real estate agent is responsible for the listing.
• bedrooms: Number of bedrooms in the property.
• bathrooms: Number of bathrooms in the property.
• price: Current asking price of the property.
• yearBuilt: The year the home was originally constructed.
• streetAddress: Specific street address (usually excludes city/state/zip).
• zipcode: The postal ZIP code of the property.
• isCurrentSignedInUserVerifiedOwner: This field indicates if the signed-in user has verified ownership of the property on Zillow.
• isVerifiedClaimedByCurrentSignedInUser: Indicates whether the user has claimed and verified the listing as the current owner.
• listingDataSource: The original source of the listing. Important for data lineage and trustworthiness.
• longitude: The longitudinal geographic coordinate of the property.
• latitude: The latitudinal geographic coordinate of the property.
• hasBadGeocode: This indicates whether the geolocation data is incorrect or problematic.
• streetViewMetadataUrlMediaWallLatLong: A URL or reference to the Street View media wall based on latitude and longitude.
• streetViewMetadataUrlMediaWallAddress: A similar URL reference to the Street View, but based on the property’s address.
• streetViewServiceUrl: The base URL to Google Street View or similar services. Enables interactive visuals of the property’s surroundings.
• livingArea: Total internal living area of the home, typically in square feet.
• homeType: The category/type of the home.
• lotSize: The size of the entire lot or land the home is situated on.
• lotAreaValue: The numerical value representing the lot area is usually tied to a measurement unit.
• lotAreaUnits: Units in which the lot area is measured (e.g., sqft, acres).
• livingAreaValue: The numeric value of the property's interior living space.
• livingAreaUnitsShort: Abbreviated unit for living area (e.g., sqft), useful for compact displays.
• isUndisclosedAddress: Boolean indicating if the full property address is hidden, typically used for privacy reasons.
• zestimate: Zillow’s estimated market value of the home, generated via its proprietary model.
• rentZestimate: Zillow’s estimated rental price per month, is helpful for rental market analysis.
• currency: Currency used for price, Zestimate, and rent estimate (e.g., USD).
• hideZestimate: Indicates whether the Zestimate is hidden from public view.
• dateSoldString: The date when the property was last sold, in string format (e.g., 2022-06-15).
• taxAssessedValue: The most recent assessed value of the property for tax purposes.
• taxAssessedYear: The year in which the property was last assessed.
• country: The country where the property is located.
• propertyTaxRate: The most recent tax rate.
• photocount: This column provides a photo count of the property.
• isPremierBuilder: Boolean indicating whether the builder is listed as a premier (trusted) builder on Zillow.
• isZillowOwned: Indicates whether the property is owned or managed directly by Zillow.
• ssid: A unique internal Zillow identifier for the listing (not to be confused with network SSID).
• hdpUrl: URL to the home’s detail page on Zillow (Home Details Page).
• tourViewCount: Number of times users have viewed the property tour.
• hasPublicVideo: This

Provides an annual value for the median rent charged for market rate rental apartments. All values are shown in both nominal and inflation adjusted (real) dollars, using the consumer price index to the adjust all values to most current month in the series to allow comparisons using current dollars.

In 2024, the average monthly rent affordable to a family of four with a household income at the poverty line was 780 U.S. dollars. However, the average fair market rent for a two-bedroom rental home was 1,670 U.S. dollars per month in that year.

Snapshot img

UK Online Home Rental Services Market Size 2025-2029

The UK online home rental services market size is forecast to increase by USD 1.05 billion at a CAGR of 10.4% between 2024 and 2029.

The Online Home Rental Services Market is witnessing significant growth, driven by the ascendancy of hybrid and flexible rental models. These models offer increased convenience and flexibility to renters, allowing them to choose from a wide range of properties and lease durations. However, ensuring trust and security in online transactions remains a critical challenge. With the increasing prevalence of cyber threats and data breaches, renters demand robust security measures to protect their personal and financial information. Regulatory hurdles also impact adoption, as governments worldwide introduce new regulations to govern the online rental market. These regulations aim to protect consumers and ensure fair business practices, but they can add complexity and increase operational costs for rental service providers. Growth in demand for tiny home structures is the primary trend in the online home rental services market. 
To capitalize on market opportunities and navigate challenges effectively, companies must prioritize security and regulatory compliance while continuing to innovate and offer competitive pricing and flexible rental options. By addressing these challenges head-on, online home rental services can continue to disrupt traditional rental markets and meet the evolving needs of modern renters. The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technology with building automation software is a key trend driving market expansion.

What will be the size of the UK Online Home Rental Services Market during the forecast period?

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In the dynamic online home rental services market, outdoor activities and travel itineraries continue to be popular trends among travelers. To cater to this demand, transportation services integration and travel safety features are increasingly prioritized by property management software. Travel trends indicate a shift towards environmental sustainability and community engagement, making property portfolio management an essential investment opportunity. Destination marketing, travel recommendations, and customer loyalty programs are key strategies for attracting renters. Smart home technology, including keyless entry, voice assistants, and home automation, enhances the rental experience.
Rental yield analysis, pricing algorithms, and dynamic pricing help property owners maximize income. Travelers seek local attractions, shopping and entertainment, food and beverage options, and cultural experiences when choosing a rental property. Travel insurance, ethical travel practices, and guest feedback analysis are crucial components of responsible travel. Property value assessment and rental income tracking are essential for effective property management.

How is this market segmented?

The market research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Type

  Flats
  Semi-detached houses
  Detached houses


Service

  Economy
  Mid-range
  Premium


Rental Category

  Monthly
  Weekly
  Daily
  Yearly


End-user

  Resident
  Tourist


Geography

  Europe

    UK

By Type Insights

The flats segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period. The online home rental services market in the US is characterized by its technological advancements and diverse offerings. Payment processing systems ensure secure transactions, while guest safety and insurance provide peace of mind for property owners. Business travelers and families seek user-friendly platforms for booking short-term and holiday rentals, with automated processes simplifying the rental agreement and calendar synchronization. Digital marketing strategies, including search engine optimization and social media marketing, expand market reach. Seasonal rentals cater to varying demand, and property amenities enhance the user experience. Property management systems offer data analytics and pricing optimization for rental income and property taxes. Renewable energy solutions and building information modeling are essential trends in the market, as businesses and organizations strive for sustainability and cost savings.

Get a glance at the market share of various segments Request Free Sample

The Flats segment was valued at USD 648.10 million in 2019 and showed a gradual increase during the forecast period. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and energy management systems work in tandem to optimize energy usage in smart buildings, reducing operational costs and enhancing overall sustainability. Artificial intelligence and machine learning facilitate pred

The average monthly rent in California for a two-bedroom apartment was 2,464 U.S. dollars in 2024, while a one-bedroom unit cost 1,989 U.S. dollars. Only renters who earn the area median income (AMI) can afford two-bedroom housing in California. Rent affordable to renters with full-time jobs at mean renter wage, or 30 percent area median income, was lower than the fair market rent of a two-bedroom and one-bedroom apartment in California, making this housing in this state not affordable for them. The rent in California ranked highest among all other states in the United States for a two bedroom apartment in 2024.

The global rides rental market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing demand for amusement and entertainment options at corporate events, private parties, and other celebrations. The market, estimated at $2.5 billion in 2025, is projected to exhibit a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 7% from 2025 to 2033, reaching an estimated value of $4.2 billion by 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key factors. The rising disposable incomes in developing economies, coupled with a growing preference for unique and memorable event experiences, are significantly boosting market demand. Furthermore, the increasing availability of diverse ride types, including long-term and short-term rental options catering to various needs and budgets, is contributing to market growth. Technological advancements, such as the introduction of innovative ride designs and improved safety features, are also driving market expansion. The market is segmented by application (corporate events, private parties, others) and type (long-term and short-term rentals), offering diverse revenue streams and growth opportunities for rental companies. Key players in the market are constantly innovating to provide high-quality services and attract a wider customer base. The competitive landscape is characterized by both large established players and smaller, specialized rental businesses. However, the market also faces challenges. Economic downturns can negatively impact spending on entertainment and events, thus affecting demand. Stricter safety regulations and insurance requirements can increase operational costs for rental companies. Furthermore, seasonal variations in demand and potential competition from alternative entertainment options can influence market dynamics. Despite these restraints, the overall outlook for the rides rental market remains positive, with sustained growth expected in the coming years, particularly in emerging markets characterized by burgeoning entertainment sectors and rising disposable incomes. Strategic partnerships, investments in technology, and a focus on customer satisfaction will be crucial for companies seeking to thrive in this competitive yet dynamic market.

More than one minimum wage job was required to afford two-bedroom housing in all states in the United States in 2024. At mean wage, Hawaii was the most expensive state requiring renters to hold about two full-time jobs at a mean wage to afford two-bedroom housing. The fair market rent value of two bedroom housing in Hawaii ranked fourth most expensive among all states in the United States in 2024.

Market Snapshot

Country-Wise Vacation Rental Stays - 2024 Booking Volume

Non-Domestic Rating data, including rents paid on letting of properties. Property attribute and transactions data underpin the information base necessary for the VOA to value properties correctly for property tax (Non-Domestic Rates and Council Tax) and for valuation work carried out for other public sector clients (e.g. Inheritance Tax and Capital Gains Tax). By statute non-domestic properties are revalued every 5 years and then appeals and material changes of circumstances are dealt with thereafter. There is no single source of information and the valuation process involves bringing together various data sources. However the Form of Return is a key compenent to allow VOA to establish a fair market rent for properties, which is the basis of rating assessments. Updated: Monthly

(CDID: M8MD) Year - UK National Accounts, The Blue Book time series Datasets for each of the chapters in The Blue Book 2023 including the national accounts at a glance, financial and non-financial corporations, households and non-profit institutions serving households and summary supply and use tables.