The United States is the leading country worldwide in terms of spending on research and development (R&D), with R&D expenditure exceeding *** billion purchasing power parity (PPP) U.S. dollars. China is invested about *** billion U.S. dollars into R&D. Health and technology Overall, health and technology dominate R&D spending globally. In 2022, health constituted nearly ** percent of all R&D spending, while hardware producers accounted for over ***percent and software producers accounted for over ***percent. Tech companies such as Meta, Amazon, and Alphabet contribute massively to tech spending, while spending continues to grow in areas such as medical technology and pharmaceuticals. Other sources of R&D spending Other sources of R&D spending include the automotive industry, chemicals, and manufacturing. Notably, within the automotive industry, the EU leads in spending, contributing nearly ** billion euros to the *** billion euros spent on automotive R&D globally. By company, Volkswagen spent the most at **** billion U.S. dollars, while in the United States, Ford spent the most on R&D at *** billion U.S. dollars.

Research and development (R&D) spending was forecast to reach over **** trillion U.S. dollars globally in 2022 (once local currencies are converted for purchasing power parity). This compares to around one trillion U.S. dollars in 2005, and around *** billion U.S. dollars in 1996. Spending decreased somewhat in 2020 following the outbreak of COVID-19, but increased again in 2021 and was forecast to do so in 2022 too.

Expenditures on research and development (R&D) by performing sectors. This table is included in Section D: Postsecondary education: Research and development of the Pan Canadian Education Indicators Program (PCEIP). PCEIP draws from a wide variety of data sources to provide information on the school-age population, elementary, secondary and postsecondary education, transitions, education finance and labour market outcomes. The program presents indicators for all of Canada, the provinces, the territories, as well as selected international comparisons and comparisons over time. PCEIP is an ongoing initiative of the Canadian Education Statistics Council, a partnership between Statistics Canada and the Council of Ministers of Education, Canada that provides a set of statistical measures on education systems in Canada.

Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) in United States was reported at 3.5862 % in 2022, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. United States - Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on September of 2025.

The 2024 fiscal year marked a slight increase in Oracle Corporation’s research and development spending, the yearly total climbing to *** billion U.S. dollars from the *** figure recorded in 2021. Following years of dramatically expanding R&D budgets, the company seems to have slowed R&D budget expansion and stabilized the figure at around seven to eight billion. Oracle Founded in 1977, Oracle is a tech company primarily focused on relational database technology. Today, Oracle ranks among the largest companies in the world in terms of market value and serves as the world’s most popular database management system provider. In addition to its investment into R&D, the company is also known for its use of acquisitions to promote growth, with high profile purchases including Sun Microsystems, PeopleSoft, and NetSuite. Research and Development spending As one of the largest software and computer services companies, Oracle is also among the biggest R&D spenders. However, many of the company’s peers tend to spend far more on R&D, with Alphabet, Microsoft, and Facebook all spending well over *** billion euros in 2019/20.

The average for 2021 based on 83 countries was 1.22 percent. The highest value was in Israel: 5.78 percent and the lowest value was in Iraq: 0.04 percent. The indicator is available from 1996 to 2023. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) in World was reported at 2.6702 % in 2022, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. World - Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on September of 2025.

Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) in Thailand was reported at 1.159 % in 2022, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Thailand - Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on September of 2025.

Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) in Poland was reported at 1.4538 % in 2022, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Poland - Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on September of 2025.

Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) in Japan was reported at 3.4054 % in 2022, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Japan - Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on September of 2025.

Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) in Sweden was reported at 3.4082 % in 2022, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Sweden - Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on September of 2025.

Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) in Canada was reported at 1.7013 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Canada - Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on September of 2025.

CN: R & D: Expenditure: Industrial Enterprise: DF: Other data was reported at 1,759.540 RMB mn in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 2,143.106 RMB mn for 2021. CN: R & D: Expenditure: Industrial Enterprise: DF: Other data is updated yearly, averaging 1,750.557 RMB mn from Dec 2011 (Median) to 2022, with 12 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4,758.022 RMB mn in 2012 and a record low of 398.730 RMB mn in 2017. CN: R & D: Expenditure: Industrial Enterprise: DF: Other data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Business and Economic Survey – Table CN.OS: Research and Development: Expenditure.

Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) in Brazil was reported at 1.1453 % in 2020, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Brazil - Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on September of 2025.

Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) in Israel was reported at 6.0192 % in 2022, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Israel - Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on September of 2025.

CN: R & D: Expenditure: Enterprise: Industrial Enterprise: Large and Medium Sized data was reported at 1,494,587.520 RMB mn in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 1,356,859.600 RMB mn for 2022. CN: R & D: Expenditure: Enterprise: Industrial Enterprise: Large and Medium Sized data is updated yearly, averaging 321,023.000 RMB mn from Dec 1995 (Median) to 2023, with 29 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,494,587.520 RMB mn in 2023 and a record low of 14,170.000 RMB mn in 1995. CN: R & D: Expenditure: Enterprise: Industrial Enterprise: Large and Medium Sized data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Business and Economic Survey – Table CN.OS: Research and Development: Expenditure.

Annual estimates of research and development in the UK by country and region by business enterprise, higher education, government, UK Research and Innovation, and private non-profit organisations.

Saudi Arabia: Research and development expenditure, percent of GDP: The latest value from 2023 is 0.56 percent, an increase from 0.46 percent in 2022. In comparison, the world average is 0.43 percent, based on data from 27 countries. Historically, the average for Saudi Arabia from 2003 to 2023 is 0.38 percent. The minimum value, 0.04 percent, was reached in 2005 while the maximum of 0.89 percent was recorded in 2011.

Annual estimates of national research and development (R&D) spending in the UK from the public and private sectors: business enterprise, government, higher education and private non-profit organisations.

Chad: Research and development expenditure, percent of GDP: The latest value from 2016 is 0.3 percent, unavailable from percent in . In comparison, the world average is 0.99 percent, based on data from 91 countries. Historically, the average for Chad from 2016 to 2016 is 0.3 percent. The minimum value, 0.3 percent, was reached in 2016 while the maximum of 0.3 percent was recorded in 2016.