The United States is the leading country worldwide in terms of spending on research and development (R&D), with R&D expenditure exceeding *** billion purchasing power parity (PPP) U.S. dollars. China is invested about *** billion U.S. dollars into R&D. Health and technology Overall, health and technology dominate R&D spending globally. In 2022, health constituted nearly ** percent of all R&D spending, while hardware producers accounted for over ***percent and software producers accounted for over ***percent. Tech companies such as Meta, Amazon, and Alphabet contribute massively to tech spending, while spending continues to grow in areas such as medical technology and pharmaceuticals. Other sources of R&D spending Other sources of R&D spending include the automotive industry, chemicals, and manufacturing. Notably, within the automotive industry, the EU leads in spending, contributing nearly ** billion euros to the *** billion euros spent on automotive R&D globally. By company, Volkswagen spent the most at **** billion U.S. dollars, while in the United States, Ford spent the most on R&D at *** billion U.S. dollars.

The average for 2021 based on 22 countries was 1.07 percent. The highest value was in Israel: 5.56 percent and the lowest value was in Iraq: 0.04 percent. The indicator is available from 1996 to 2022. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

This statistic represents the percentage of expenditure on research and development of total revenue in 2022, by industrial sector. The data was generated from the numbers of the 2,500 top companies worldwide. In 2022, spending on research and development accounted for around 13 percent of the total revenue in the health industries.

Research and development (R&D) spending was forecast to reach over **** trillion U.S. dollars globally in 2022 (once local currencies are converted for purchasing power parity). This compares to around one trillion U.S. dollars in 2005, and around *** billion U.S. dollars in 1996. Spending decreased somewhat in 2020 following the outbreak of COVID-19, but increased again in 2021 and was forecast to do so in 2022 too.

In 2022, Israel invested *** percent of the country's gross domestic product (GDP) into research and development, the highest worldwide. In South Korea, the expenditure on R&D reached over **** percent of its GDP.

Percentage of total research and development (R&D) expenditure by performing sector. This table is included in Section D: Postsecondary education: Research and development of the Pan Canadian Education Indicators Program (PCEIP). PCEIP draws from a wide variety of data sources to provide information on the school-age population, elementary, secondary and postsecondary education, transitions, education finance and labour market outcomes. The program presents indicators for all of Canada, the provinces, the territories, as well as selected international comparisons and comparisons over time. PCEIP is an ongoing initiative of the Canadian Education Statistics Council, a partnership between Statistics Canada and the Council of Ministers of Education, Canada that provides a set of statistical measures on education systems in Canada.

This dataset provides values for RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURE PERCENT OF GDP WB DATA.HTML reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

Business enterprise expenditure on research and development (BERD), by country of control and North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) from 2000 to 2013.

Domestic spending on research and development (R&D) in China has increased significantly as a share of GDP over the last two decades, growing from *** percent in 2000 to *** percent in 2021. Conversely, R&D spending in the U.S. has only seen a small increase over this period, growing from *** percent of GDP in 2000 to *** percent in 2021, the highest share of the eight countries included. Until 2019, Japan had the highest R&D spending ratio of the countries.

China R & D: Expenditure: Basic Research data was reported at 249,700.000 RMB mn in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 225,911.760 RMB mn for 2023. China R & D: Expenditure: Basic Research data is updated yearly, averaging 29,738.901 RMB mn from Dec 1995 (Median) to 2024, with 30 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 249,700.000 RMB mn in 2024 and a record low of 1,806.000 RMB mn in 1995. China R & D: Expenditure: Basic Research data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Business and Economic Survey – Table CN.OS: Research and Development: Expenditure.

Korea Research and Development Expenditure: % of GDP data was reported at 4.228 % in 2015. This records a decrease from the previous number of 4.277 % for 2014. Korea Research and Development Expenditure: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 2.728 % from Dec 1996 (Median) to 2015, with 20 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4.277 % in 2014 and a record low of 2.063 % in 1999. Korea Research and Development Expenditure: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s South Korea – Table KR.World Bank.WDI: Technology. Gloss domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.; ; UNESCO Institute for Statistics; Weighted average; Each economy is classified based on the classification of World Bank Group's fiscal year 2018 (July 1, 2017-June 30, 2018).

Annual estimates of research and development in the UK by country and region by business enterprise, higher education, government, UK Research and Innovation, and private non-profit organisations.

Gabon GA: Research and Development Expenditure: % of GDP data was reported at 0.579 % in 2009. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.511 % for 2008. Gabon GA: Research and Development Expenditure: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 0.511 % from Dec 2007 (Median) to 2009, with 3 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.579 % in 2009 and a record low of 0.416 % in 2007. Gabon GA: Research and Development Expenditure: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Gabon – Table GA.World Bank: Technology. Gloss domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.; ; UNESCO Institute for Statistics; Weighted average; Each economy is classified based on the classification of World Bank Group's fiscal year 2018 (July 1, 2017-June 30, 2018).

Mexico MX: Business Enterprise Expenditure on R&D (BERD) data was reported at 16,211.734 MXN mn in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 17,346.195 MXN mn for 2016. Mexico MX: Business Enterprise Expenditure on R&D (BERD) data is updated yearly, averaging 11,541.408 MXN mn from Dec 1989 (Median) to 2017, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 24,121.819 MXN mn in 2011 and a record low of 121.335 MXN mn in 1992. Mexico MX: Business Enterprise Expenditure on R&D (BERD) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Mexico – Table MX.OECD.MSTI: Business Enterprise Investment on Research and Development: OECD Member: Annual.

In Mexico, beginning with the 2004 data, the Business enterprise survey register was increased to include large firms not previously identified as R&D performers. The first R&D surveys based on the Frascati Manual covered the period 1992-93. Earlier data for R&D performed in the Government sector are based on national estimates and do not exactly correspond to the recommendations of the Frascati Manual.

Ecuador EC: Research and Development Expenditure: % of GDP data was reported at 0.441 % in 2014. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.380 % for 2013. Ecuador EC: Research and Development Expenditure: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 0.132 % from Dec 1996 (Median) to 2014, with 15 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.441 % in 2014 and a record low of 0.051 % in 2001. Ecuador EC: Research and Development Expenditure: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ecuador – Table EC.World Bank: Technology. Gloss domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.; ; UNESCO Institute for Statistics; Weighted average; Each economy is classified based on the classification of World Bank Group's fiscal year 2018 (July 1, 2017-June 30, 2018).

RU: GERD Performed: Private Non-Profit Sector data was reported at 0.727 % in 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.428 % for 2019. RU: GERD Performed: Private Non-Profit Sector data is updated yearly, averaging 0.179 % from Dec 1989 (Median) to 2020, with 32 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.727 % in 2020 and a record low of 0.009 % in 1994. RU: GERD Performed: Private Non-Profit Sector data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.

In response to Russia's large-scale aggression against Ukraine, the OECD Council decided on 8 March 2022 to immediately suspend the participation of Russia and Belarus in OECD bodies. In view of this decision, the OECD suspended its solicitation of official statistics on R&D from Russian authorities, leading to the absence of more recent R&D statistics for this country in the OECD database. Previously collected and compiled indicators are still available.

The business enterprise sector includes all organisations and enterprises whose main activity is connected with the production of goods and services for sale, including those owned by the state, and private non-profit institutions serving the above-mentioned organisations. In practice however, R&D performed in this sector is carried out mostly by industrial research institutes other than enterprises. This particularity reflects the traditional organisation of Russian R&D.

Headcount data include full-time personnel only, and hence are underestimated, while data in full-time equivalents (FTE) are calculated on the basis of both full-time and part-time personnel. This explains why the FTE data are greater than the headcount data.

New budgetary procedures introduced in 2005 have resulted in items previously classified as GBARD being attributed to other headings and have affected the coverage and breakdown by socio-economic objective.

RU: HERD Financed: Business Sector data was reported at 29.660 % in 2020. This records a decrease from the previous number of 32.186 % for 2019. RU: HERD Financed: Business Sector data is updated yearly, averaging 27.389 % from Dec 1994 (Median) to 2020, with 27 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 32.613 % in 2004 and a record low of 22.429 % in 2009. RU: HERD Financed: Business Sector data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Russian Federation – Table RU.OECD.MSTI: Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development: Non OECD Member: Annual.

In response to Russia's large-scale aggression against Ukraine, the OECD Council decided on 8 March 2022 to immediately suspend the participation of Russia and Belarus in OECD bodies. In view of this decision, the OECD suspended its solicitation of official statistics on R&D from Russian authorities, leading to the absence of more recent R&D statistics for this country in the OECD database. Previously collected and compiled indicators are still available.

The business enterprise sector includes all organisations and enterprises whose main activity is connected with the production of goods and services for sale, including those owned by the state, and private non-profit institutions serving the above-mentioned organisations. In practice however, R&D performed in this sector is carried out mostly by industrial research institutes other than enterprises. This particularity reflects the traditional organisation of Russian R&D.

Headcount data include full-time personnel only, and hence are underestimated, while data in full-time equivalents (FTE) are calculated on the basis of both full-time and part-time personnel. This explains why the FTE data are greater than the headcount data.

New budgetary procedures introduced in 2005 have resulted in items previously classified as GBARD being attributed to other headings and have affected the coverage and breakdown by socio-economic objective.

Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) in Georgia was reported at 0.25283 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Georgia - Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

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Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) in Poland was reported at 1.4538 % in 2022, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Poland - Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on June of 2025.