The inflation rate for the Retail Price Index (RPI) in the United Kingdom was 4.8 percent in June 2025, up from 4.4 percent in the previous month. From 2021 onwards, prices in the UK rose rapidly, with the RPI inflation rate peaking at 14.2 percent in October 2022. Although inflation fell in subsequent months, it wasn't until July 2023 that inflation fell below double digits, and as of late 2024, the RPI rate was still above three percent. The CPI and CPIH While the retail price index is still a popular method of calculating inflation, the consumer price index (CPI) is the current main measurement of inflation in the UK. There is also an additional price index, which includes some extra housing costs, known as the Consumer Price Index including homer occupiers' costs (CPIH) index, which is seen by the UK's Office of National Statistics as the official inflation rate. As of December 2024, the CPI inflation rate stood at 2.5 percent, while the CPIH rate was 3.5 percent. Core inflation down in 2024 Another way of measuring inflation is to strip out the volatility of energy and food prices and look at the underlying core inflation rate. As of December 2024, this was 3.2 percent, slightly higher than the overall CPI rate, but more aligned with the overall figure than it was in 2022 and 2023. When inflation peaked at 11.2 percent in October 2022, for example, core inflation stood at just 6.5 percent. After energy prices in 2023 fell relative to 2022, the overall inflation rate in the UK declined quite rapidly, with core inflation overtaking the overall rate in July 2023. During the most recent period of high inflation, core inflation peaked at 7.1 percent in May 2023, and while taking longer to fall than the overall figure, has generally been declining since then.

Measures of monthly UK inflation data including CPIH, CPI and RPI. These tables complement the consumer price inflation time series dataset.

The Consumer Price Index of the United Kingdom was 138.5 in the second quarter of 2025, indicating that consumer prices have increased by 38.5 percent when compared with the first quarter of 2015. As of June 2025, the inflation rate for the CPI was 3.6 percent, an uptick from March, when prices were rising by 2.6 percent. A long period of elevated inflation between 2021 and 2023 peaked in October 2022 and saw prices increase by over 20 percent in just three years. Uptick in inflation expected in 2025 In late 2024, the UK's main economic forecaster, the Office for Budget Responsibility, predicted that the annual inflation rate for 2025 would average out at around 2.6 percent. In March 2025, however, the OBR revised this figure upward, with annual inflation now expected to be 3.2 percent. This uptick in inflation is predicted to peak in the third quarter of the year at 3.7 percent before falling to two percent by the second quarter of 2026. Although this period of higher inflation is predicted to be far less severe than in 2022, it will no doubt put further pressure on households already struggling with their cost of living. Cost of living woes continue The share of UK households reporting that their cost of living was increasing has been steadily rising since Summer 2024. At that time, less than half of UK households reported rising costs, down from 91 percent two years earlier. As of March 2025, however, 59 percent of households said their costs were rising, the highest figure since 2023. Of these households, 93 percent reported that their food shop was increasing, with three quarters of them reporting higher energy costs. With higher inflation predicted in 2025, the pressure on UK households will likely continue, although a crisis on the scale of 2021-2023 will hopefully be avoided.

The UK inflation rate was 3.6 percent in June 2025, up from 3.4 percent in the previous month, and the fastest rate of inflation since January 2024. Between September 2022 and March 2023, the UK experienced seven months of double-digit inflation, which peaked at 11.1 percent in October 2022. Due to this long period of high inflation, UK consumer prices have increased by over 20 percent in the last three years. As of the most recent month, prices were rising fastest in the communications sector, at 6.1 percent, but were falling in both the furniture and transport sectors, at -0.3 percent and -0.6 percent, respectively.
The Cost of Living Crisis High inflation is one of the main factors behind the ongoing Cost of Living Crisis in the UK, which, despite subsiding somewhat in 2024, is still impacting households going into 2025. In December 2024, for example, 56 percent of UK households reported their cost of living was increasing compared with the previous month, up from 45 percent in July, but far lower than at the height of the crisis in 2022. After global energy prices spiraled that year, the UK's energy price cap increased substantially. The cap, which limits what suppliers can charge consumers, reached 3,549 British pounds per year in October 2022, compared with 1,277 pounds a year earlier. Along with soaring food costs, high-energy bills have hit UK households hard, especially lower income ones that spend more of their earnings on housing costs. As a result of these factors, UK households experienced their biggest fall in living standards in decades in 2022/23. Global inflation crisis causes rapid surge in prices The UK's high inflation, and cost of living crisis in 2022 had its origins in the COVID-19 pandemic. Following the initial waves of the virus, global supply chains struggled to meet the renewed demand for goods and services. Food and energy prices, which were already high, increased further in 2022. Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 brought an end to the era of cheap gas flowing to European markets from Russia. The war also disrupted global food markets, as both Russia and Ukraine are major exporters of cereal crops. As a result of these factors, inflation surged across Europe and in other parts of the world, but typically declined in 2023, and approached more usual levels by 2024.

This article describes the new RPIJ measure of Consumer Price Inflation. RPIJ is a Retail Prices Index (RPI) based measure that will use a geometric (Jevons) formula in place of one type of arithmetic formula (Carli). It is being launched in response to the National Statistician's conclusion that the RPI does not meet international standards due to the use of the Carli formula in its calculation. The accompanying Excel file includes a back series for RPIJ from 1997 to 2012. Source agency: Office for National Statistics Designation: National Statistics Language: English Alternative title: New RPIJ measure of Consumer Price Inflation

In July 2025, the UK inflation rate for goods was 2.7 percent and five percent for services. Prices for goods accelerated significantly, sharply between 2021 and 2022, before falling in 2023. By comparison, prices for services initially grew at a more moderate rate but have also not fallen as quickly. The overall CPI inflation rate for the UK reached a recent high of 11.1 percent in October 2022 and remained in double figures until April 2023, when it fell to 8.7 percent. As of this month, the UK's inflation rate was 3.6 percent, up from 3.4 percent in the previous month. Sectors driving high inflation In late 2024, communication was the sector with the highest inflation rate, with prices increasing by 6.1 percent as of December 2024. During the recent period of high inflation that eased in 2023, food and energy prices were particular high, with housing and energy inflation far higher than in any other sector, peaking at 26.6 percent towards the end of 2022. High food and energy prices since 2021 have been one of the main causes of the cost of living crisis in the UK, especially for low-income households that spend a higher share of their income on these categories. This is likely one of the factors driving increasing food bank usage in the UK, which saw approximately 3.12 million people use a food bank in 2023/24, compared with 1.9 million just before the COVID-19 pandemic. The global inflation crisis The UK has not been alone in suffering rapid price increases since 2021. After the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, a series of economic and geopolitical shocks had a dramatic impact on the global economy. A global supply chain crisis failed to meet rising demand in 2021, leading to the beginning of an Inflation Crisis, which was only exacerbated by Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. The war directly influenced the prices of food and energy, as both countries were major exporters of important crops. European imports of hydrocarbons from Russia were also steadily reduced throughout 2022 and 2023, resulting in higher energy prices throughout the year.

United Kingdom Retail Price Index: Weights: Household Services: Fees & Subscription data was reported at 19.000 Per 1000 in 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 22.000 Per 1000 for 2017. United Kingdom Retail Price Index: Weights: Household Services: Fees & Subscription data is updated yearly, averaging 21.000 Per 1000 from Dec 1974 (Median) to 2018, with 45 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 29.000 Per 1000 in 2012 and a record low of 2.000 Per 1000 in 1986. United Kingdom Retail Price Index: Weights: Household Services: Fees & Subscription data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office for National Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s UK – Table UK.I012: Retail Price Index: Weights.

Construction Output Price Indices (OPIs) from January 2014 to June 2025, UK. Summary

Housing Index in the United Kingdom increased to 514.30 points in July from 512.40 points in June of 2025. This dataset provides - United Kingdom House Price Index - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

United Kingdom Retail Price Index: Food: Sugar and Preserves data was reported at 187.000 13Jan1987=100 in Oct 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 197.100 13Jan1987=100 for Sep 2018. United Kingdom Retail Price Index: Food: Sugar and Preserves data is updated monthly, averaging 152.700 13Jan1987=100 from Jan 1987 (Median) to Oct 2018, with 382 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 219.700 13Jan1987=100 in Feb 2012 and a record low of 100.000 13Jan1987=100 in Jan 1987. United Kingdom Retail Price Index: Food: Sugar and Preserves data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office for National Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.I011: Retail Price Index.

In 2024, the average inflation rate in the United Kingdom was approximately 2.53 percent. Between 1980 and 2024, the figure dropped by around 14.32 percentage points, though the decline followed an uneven course rather than a steady trajectory. The inflation is forecast to decline by about 0.53 percentage points from 2024 to 2030, fluctuating as it trends downward.This indicator measures inflation based upon the year-on-year change in the average consumer price index, expressed in percent. The latter expresses a country's average level of prices based on a typical basket of consumer goods and services.

This article describes CPIH - the new, additional measure of Consumer Price Inflation including owner occupiers' housing costs (OOH). The rental equivalence approach is used to measure OOH. The accompanying Excel file includes a back series for CPIH from 2005 to 2012.

Source agency: Office for National Statistics

Designation: National Statistics

Language: English

Alternative title: New CPIH measure of Consumer Price Inflation

United Kingdom UK: Producer Price Index: % Change over Previous Period data was reported at 0.090 % in Apr 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.091 % for Mar 2018. United Kingdom UK: Producer Price Index: % Change over Previous Period data is updated monthly, averaging 0.231 % from Feb 1957 (Median) to Apr 2018, with 735 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4.748 % in Jan 2012 and a record low of -5.810 % in Jan 2014. United Kingdom UK: Producer Price Index: % Change over Previous Period data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s UK – Table UK.IMF.IFS: Consumer and Producer Price Index.

In 2023, the price index value of mineral waters, soft drinks and juices was measured at 135.7.Consumer price indices are designed to measure changes in the price of everything consumers buy. More information on CPI can be found here

2012 mean, absolute and relative changes in price for all foods, by Eatwell group and by FSA score category.

EU UK: HICP: Weights: All Items: excl Energy & Seasonal Food data was reported at 910.000 Per 1000 in 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 911.400 Per 1000 for 2017. EU UK: HICP: Weights: All Items: excl Energy & Seasonal Food data is updated yearly, averaging 897.000 Per 1000 from Dec 1996 (Median) to 2018, with 23 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 921.000 Per 1000 in 2004 and a record low of 870.000 Per 1000 in 2012. EU UK: HICP: Weights: All Items: excl Energy & Seasonal Food data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Eurostat. The data is categorized under Global Database’s UK – Table UK.Eurostat: Harmonized Index of Consumer Price: Weights .

EU UK: HICP: Weights: All Items: excl Energy data was reported at 936.000 Per 1000 in 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 937.400 Per 1000 for 2017. EU UK: HICP: Weights: All Items: excl Energy data is updated yearly, averaging 925.000 Per 1000 from Dec 1996 (Median) to 2018, with 23 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 948.000 Per 1000 in 2004 and a record low of 898.000 Per 1000 in 2012. EU UK: HICP: Weights: All Items: excl Energy data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Eurostat. The data is categorized under Global Database’s UK – Table UK.Eurostat: Harmonized Index of Consumer Price: Weights .

United Kingdom Retail Price Index: 2005=100: Fuel: Petrol & Oil data was reported at 156.536 2005=100 in Sep 2013. This records an increase from the previous number of 155.046 2005=100 for Jun 2013. United Kingdom Retail Price Index: 2005=100: Fuel: Petrol & Oil data is updated quarterly, averaging 51.647 2005=100 from Mar 1970 (Median) to Sep 2013, with 175 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 158.340 2005=100 in Jun 2012 and a record low of 7.311 2005=100 in Jun 1970. United Kingdom Retail Price Index: 2005=100: Fuel: Petrol & Oil data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.RB018: Fuel Overview.

As of April 2025, the inflation rate in the European Union was 2.4 percent, with prices rising fastest in Romania, which had an inflation rate of 4.9 percent. By contrast, both France and Cyprus saw low inflation rates during the same period, with France having the lowest inflation rate in the EU during this month. The rate of inflation in the EU in the October 2022 was higher than at any other time, with the peak prior to 2021 recorded in July 2008 when prices were growing by 4.4 percent year-on-year. Before the recent rises in inflation, price rises in the EU had been kept at relatively low levels, with the inflation rate remaining below three percent between January 2012 and August 2021. Rapid recovery and energy costs driving inflation The reopening of the European economy in 2021 following the sudden shock of COVID-19 in 2020 is behind many of the factors that have caused prices to rise so quickly in 2022. Global supply chains have not yet recovered from production issues, travel restrictions, and workforce problems brought about by the pandemic. Rising energy costs have only served to exacerbate supply problems, particularly with regard to the transport sector, which had the highest inflation rate of any sector in the EU in December 2021. High inflation rates mirrored in the U.S. The high inflation rates seen in Europe have been reflected in other parts of the world. In the United States, for example, the consumer price index reached a 40-year-high of seven percent in December 2021, influenced by many of the same factors driving European inflation. Nevertheless, it is hoped that once these supply chain issues ease, inflation levels will start to fall throughout the course of 2022.

EU UK: HICP: Weights: Housing, Water, Electricity, Gas & Other Fuels data was reported at 133.000 Per 1000 in 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 117.000 Per 1000 for 2017. EU UK: HICP: Weights: Housing, Water, Electricity, Gas & Other Fuels data is updated yearly, averaging 126.000 Per 1000 from Dec 1996 (Median) to 2018, with 23 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 144.000 Per 1000 in 2012 and a record low of 103.000 Per 1000 in 2004. EU UK: HICP: Weights: Housing, Water, Electricity, Gas & Other Fuels data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Eurostat. The data is categorized under Global Database’s UK – Table UK.Eurostat: Harmonized Index of Consumer Price: Weights .