The inflation rate for the Retail Price Index (RPI) in the United Kingdom was 4.3 percent in October 2025, down from 4.5 percent in the previous month. From 2021 onwards, prices in the UK rose rapidly, with the RPI inflation rate peaking at 14.2 percent in October 2022. Although inflation fell in subsequent months, it wasn't until July 2023 that inflation fell below double digits, and as of late 2024, the RPI rate was still above three percent. The CPI and CPIH While the retail price index is still a popular method of calculating inflation, the consumer price index (CPI) is the current main measurement of inflation in the UK. There is also an additional price index, which includes some extra housing costs, known as the Consumer Price Index including homer occupiers' costs (CPIH) index, which is seen by the UK's Office of National Statistics as the official inflation rate. As of December 2024, the CPI inflation rate stood at 2.5 percent, while the CPIH rate was 3.5 percent. Core inflation down in 2024 Another way of measuring inflation is to strip out the volatility of energy and food prices and look at the underlying core inflation rate. As of December 2024, this was 3.2 percent, slightly higher than the overall CPI rate, but more aligned with the overall figure than it was in 2022 and 2023. When inflation peaked at 11.2 percent in October 2022, for example, core inflation stood at just 6.5 percent. After energy prices in 2023 fell relative to 2022, the overall inflation rate in the UK declined quite rapidly, with core inflation overtaking the overall rate in July 2023. During the most recent period of high inflation, core inflation peaked at 7.1 percent in May 2023, and while taking longer to fall than the overall figure, has generally been declining since then.

The Consumer price index (CPI) all households, calculated by Statistics Netherlands, measures the average price changes of goods and services purchased by households. The index is an important criterion for inflation, frequently used by trade and industry, employers' organisations, trade unions and government. The index is for instance, used to make adjustments to wages, tax tablesand index-linked rent increases, annuities, etc.

Data available from: January 1996 till December 2015

Status of the figures: The figures in this table are final.

Changes as of 18 May 2016: None, this table is stopped.

Changes from 7 January 2016: New figures added.

Changes from 10 December 2015: On 1 October 2015, the points system for the pricing of rental homes was adjusted by the Dutch national government. As a direct consequence, rental prices of a limited number of dwellings were reduced, which had a downward effect on the average rental price. The effect of this decrease on the rental price indices and imputed rent value could not be determined in time because housing associations announced the impact of rent adjustments only in November. For this reason, the figures of the groups 04100 ‘Actual rentals for housing’ and 04200 ‘Imputed rent value’ over October 2015 have now been adjusted.

The figures of the groups 061100 ‘Pharmaceutical products’, 061200 ‘Other medical products, equipment’, 072200 ‘Fuels and lubricants’ and 083000 ‘Telephone and internet services’ over the months June through September 2015 have been corrected. This has no impact on the headline indices.

The derived CPI decreased by 0.01 index point over August 2015.

When will new figures be published? Not applicable. This table is succeeded by Consumer prices; price index 2015=100. See paragraph 3.

The UK inflation rate was 3.8 percent in September 2025, unchanged from the previous two months, and the fastest rate of inflation since January 2024. Between September 2022 and March 2023, the UK experienced seven months of double-digit inflation, which peaked at 11.1 percent in October 2022. Due to this long period of high inflation, UK consumer prices have increased by over 20 percent in the last three years. As of the most recent month, prices were rising fastest in the education sector, at 7.5 percent, with prices increasing at the slowest rate in the clothing and footwear sector. The Cost of Living Crisis High inflation is one of the main factors behind the ongoing Cost of Living Crisis in the UK, which, despite subsiding somewhat in 2024, is still impacting households going into 2025. In December 2024, for example, 56 percent of UK households reported their cost of living was increasing compared with the previous month, up from 45 percent in July, but far lower than at the height of the crisis in 2022. After global energy prices spiraled that year, the UK's energy price cap increased substantially. The cap, which limits what suppliers can charge consumers, reached 3,549 British pounds per year in October 2022, compared with 1,277 pounds a year earlier. Along with soaring food costs, high-energy bills have hit UK households hard, especially lower income ones that spend more of their earnings on housing costs. As a result of these factors, UK households experienced their biggest fall in living standards in decades in 2022/23. Global inflation crisis causes rapid surge in prices The UK's high inflation, and cost of living crisis in 2022 had its origins in the COVID-19 pandemic. Following the initial waves of the virus, global supply chains struggled to meet the renewed demand for goods and services. Food and energy prices, which were already high, increased further in 2022. Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 brought an end to the era of cheap gas flowing to European markets from Russia. The war also disrupted global food markets, as both Russia and Ukraine are major exporters of cereal crops. As a result of these factors, inflation surged across Europe and in other parts of the world, but typically declined in 2023, and approached more usual levels by 2024.

The Retail Price Index (RPI) is one of the main measures of inflation used to calculate the change in the price of goods and services within the British economy. In the third quarter of 2025 the index value was 403.2, indicating that the price for a fixed basket of goods has increased by more than 300 percent since 1987. The RPI inflation rate in September 2025 was 4.5 percent, up from 3.6 percent at the start of the year. Inflation and UK living standards For UK consumers, high inflation is one of the main drivers of the ongoing cost of living crisis. With wages struggling to keep up with the pace of inflation for a long period between 2021 and 2023, UK households saw their living standards fall significantly. In 2022/23, real household disposable income in the UK is estimated to have fallen by 2.1 percent, which was the biggest fall in living standards since 1956. While there have been some signals that the crisis eased somewhat in 2024, such as falling energy and food inflation, an increasing share of UK households have reported increasing living costs since Summer 2024. Additional inflation indicators Aside from the Retail Price Index, the UK also produces other inflation indices such as the Consumer Price Index (CPI) and the Consumer Price Index including owner occupiers' housing costs (CPIH). While these particular indices measure consumer price increases slightly differently, they both provide an overall picture of rising prices. More specific inflation rates, such as by sector, are also produced, while other indices omit certain items, such as core inflation, which excludes food and energy inflation, to provide a more stable measure of inflation.

Consumer Price Index (CPI): Prev Dec=100: City of Sevastopol: Services data was reported at 103.810 Prev Dec=100 in Mar 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 102.460 Prev Dec=100 for Feb 2025. Consumer Price Index (CPI): Prev Dec=100: City of Sevastopol: Services data is updated monthly, averaging 105.190 Prev Dec=100 from Jan 2015 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 123 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 133.110 Prev Dec=100 in Dec 2015 and a record low of 98.530 Prev Dec=100 in Feb 2018. Consumer Price Index (CPI): Prev Dec=100: City of Sevastopol: Services data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Inflation – Table RU.IB055: Consumer Price Index: Southern Federal District: City of Sevastopol.

Consumer Price Index (CPI) in Vietnam, October, 2025 The most recent value is 120.4389 index points as of October 2025, an increase compared to the previous value of 120.1985 index points. Historically, the average for Vietnam from January 1995 to October 2025 is 87.6874 index points. The minimum of 37.867 index points was recorded in January 1995, while the maximum of 146.1511 index points was reached in December 2015. | TheGlobalEconomy.com

Consumer Price Index (CPI) in Tanzania, October, 2025 The most recent value is 119.63 index points as of October 2025, a decline compared to the previous value of 119.86 index points. Historically, the average for Tanzania from December 2015 to October 2025 is 111.672 index points. The minimum of 100 index points was recorded in December 2015, while the maximum of 120.93 index points was reached in May 2020. | TheGlobalEconomy.com

Russia Consumer Price Index (CPI): Prev Dec=100: CL: Footwear: Textile Slippers data was reported at 101.920 Prev Dec=100 in Dec 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 101.650 Prev Dec=100 for Nov 2018. Russia Consumer Price Index (CPI): Prev Dec=100: CL: Footwear: Textile Slippers data is updated monthly, averaging 103.110 Prev Dec=100 from Jan 2009 (Median) to Dec 2018, with 120 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 113.170 Prev Dec=100 in Dec 2015 and a record low of 100.110 Prev Dec=100 in Jan 2018. Russia Consumer Price Index (CPI): Prev Dec=100: CL: Footwear: Textile Slippers data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Inflation – Table RU.IA019: Consumer Price Index: Previous December=100: Non Food.

In October 2025, the Consumer Price Index including owner occupiers' housing costs (CPIH) inflation rate of the United Kingdom was *** percent, unchanged from the previous month. The inflation rate fell noticeably after the COVID-19 pandemic but rose sharply between Spring 2021 and Autumn 2022. After peaking at *** percent in October 2022, CPIH inflation declined throughout 2023 and into 2024, falling to *** percent by September of that year, before increasing again recently. Cost of living problems persist into 2025 Although it is likely that the worst of the recent inflation surge may have passed, the issues caused by it look set to linger into 2025 and beyond. While the share of households experiencing living cost rises has fallen from ** percent in August 2022, to ** percent in July 2024, this share rose towards the end of the year, with more than half of households reporting rising costs in December. Even with lower inflation, overall consumer prices have already increased by around ** percent in the last three years, rising to almost ** percent for food prices, which lower income households typically spend more of their income on. The significant increase in people relying on food banks across the UK, is evidence of the magnitude of this problem, with approximately **** million people using food banks in 2023/24. Other measures of inflation While the CPIH inflation rate displayed here is the preferred index of the UK's Office of National Statistics, the Consumer Price Index (CPI) is often more prominently featured in the media in general. An older index, the Retail Price Index (RPI) is also still used by the government to calculate certain taxes and rail fares. Other metrics include the core inflation rate, which measures price increases without the volatility of food and energy costs, while price increases in goods and services can also be tracked separately. The inflation rate of individual sectors can also be measured, and as of December 2024, prices were rising fastest in the communications sector, at *** percent, with costs falling in the transport and furniture sectors.

This table contains figures about year-on-year developments of expenditure categories of the Consumer price index (CPI). This table also contains the weighting coefficient. The weighting coefficient shows how much Dutch consumers spend on each product group in relation to their total expenditure.

Furthermore, the table shows the contribution and impact of CPI categories. The contributions of the separate groups add up to total annual rate of change and show the share of price increases. The impact answers the question how much higher or lower the total annual rate of change would have been, if a specific category would not have been taken into account in calculation. The figures are shown for 152 product groups in 2025. Furthermore, 34 combinations of product groups (special aggregates) are displayed.

CPI figures are published every month. In addition, an annual figure is published at the end of the year. The CPI of a calendar year is calculated as the average of the indices of the twelve months of that year.

Data available from: January 2016.

Status of the figures: When first published, the figures are provisional. Their status becomes final simultaneously with the second publication about the same month. Differences between the provisional and final figures are caused by source material that has become available after the provisional publication.

Changes compared with previous version: Data on the most recent period have been added and/or adjustments have been implemented.

Changes as of 13 February 2025: Starting in the reporting month of January 2025, a price change is published for expenditure category 103000 Post-secondary non-tertiary education. The base period for this index series is December 2024.

Changes as of 23 January 2025: Starting in the reporting month of January 2024, a price change is published for expenditure category 063000 Hospital Services. The base period for this index series is December 2023. Starting from the reporting month of December 2024 a year-on-year change, contribution and impact can be determined. The figures of 2024 for this category have been added to the table.

Changes as of 9 June 2022: The unit of the contribution to annual rate of change and the impact on the annual rate of change has been adjusted to 'percentage point'. Previously, the unit was incorrectly referred to as 'percent' in the table.

When will new figures be published? New figures will usually be published between the first and second Thursday of the month following on the reporting month. The figures of the previous reporting month then become final.

All CPI publications are announced on the publication calendar.

This table includes figures on the price developments of a package of goods and services purchased by consumers in the Netherlands. The figures are consistent with European directives also known as the harmonised consumer price index (HICP). In all member states of the European Union (EU), these indices are compiled in a similar manner to facilitate comparison between the various EU countries.

This table also contains the HICP at constant taxes: this price index excludes the effect of changes in the rates of product-related taxes (e.g. VAT and excise duty on alcohol and tobacco).

The table also includes the month-on-month and year-on-year changes of the HICP. The year-on-year change of total consumer expenditure is known as inflation. The figures are shown for 327 product groups in 2025. Furthermore, 34 combinations of product groups (special aggregates) are displayed. The weighting coefficient shows how much consumers in the Netherlands spend on each product group in relation to their total expenditure. The total weighting is 100,000.

HICP figures are published every month. In addition, an annual figure is published at the end of the year. The HICP of a calendar year is calculated as the average of the indices of the twelve months of that year.

Data available from: January 1996.

Status of the figures: Figures of the flash estimate are published at the end of a reporting month, or shortly thereafter. At the flash estimate, figures are made available for the all items category and for a selection of special aggregates. These figures are calculated on the basis of still incomplete source data. The results of the flash estimate are characterized as provisional.

In most cases, the figures are final in the second publication of the same reporting month. Differences between the provisional and final indices are caused by source material that has become available after the flash estimate. The results of the HICP are only marked as provisional in the second publication if it is already known at the time of publication that data are still incomplete, a revision is expected in a later month, or in special circumstances such as the corona crisis. In that case, the figures become final one month later.

Changes compared with previous version: Data on the most recent period have been added and/or adjustments have been implemented.

Changes as of 13 February 2025: Starting in the reporting month of January 2025, price changes will be published for expenditure categories 053290 Other small electric household appliances and 103000 Post-secondary non-tertiary education. The base period for this new index series is December 2024. This means that the index level of 100 is the price level measured in December 2024.

Changes as of 8 February 2024: Starting in the reporting month of January 2024, a price change will be published for expenditure category 063000 Hospital Services. The base period for this new index series is December 2023. This means that the index level of 100 is the price level measured in December 2023. Previously, between 2000 and 2009, an index was published for the same expenditure category. The base year for that index series was 2005=100. It was discontinued after December 2009. The current series starts again from 100 in December 2023.

When will new figures be published? The figures of the flash estimate are published on the last working day of the month to which the figures relate, or shortly thereafter.

Final figures will usually be published between the first and second Thursday of the month following on the reporting month.

All CPI and HICP publications are announced on the publication calendar.

The Consumer Price Index of the United Kingdom was 139.2 in the third quarter of 2025, indicating that consumer prices have increased by 39.2 percent when compared with the first quarter of 2015. As of September 2025, the inflation rate for the CPI was 3.8 percent, an uptick from the start of 2025, when prices were rising by three percent. A long period of elevated inflation between 2021 and 2023 peaked in October 2022 and saw prices increase by over 20 percent in just three years. Uptick in inflation expected in 2025 In late 2024, the UK's main economic forecaster, the Office for Budget Responsibility, predicted that the annual inflation rate for 2025 would average out at around 2.6 percent. In March 2025, however, the OBR revised this figure upward, with annual inflation now expected to be 3.2 percent. This uptick in inflation is predicted to peak in the third quarter of the year at 3.7 percent before falling to two percent by the second quarter of 2026. Although this period of higher inflation is predicted to be far less severe than in 2022, it will no doubt put further pressure on households already struggling with their cost of living. Cost of living woes continue The share of UK households reporting that their cost of living was increasing has been steadily rising since Summer 2024. At that time, less than half of UK households reported rising costs, down from 91 percent two years earlier. As of March 2025, however, 59 percent of households said their costs were rising, the highest figure since 2023. Of these households, 93 percent reported that their food shop was increasing, with three quarters of them reporting higher energy costs. With higher inflation predicted in 2025, the pressure on UK households will likely continue, although a crisis on the scale of 2021-2023 will hopefully be avoided.

Switzerland Consumer Price Index (CPI): Housing Rent and Energy: Housing Maintenance Services data was reported at 101.307 Dec2015=100 in Jun 2018. This stayed constant from the previous number of 101.307 Dec2015=100 for May 2018. Switzerland Consumer Price Index (CPI): Housing Rent and Energy: Housing Maintenance Services data is updated monthly, averaging 101.040 Dec2015=100 from Dec 2015 (Median) to Jun 2018, with 31 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 101.307 Dec2015=100 in Jun 2018 and a record low of 100.000 Dec2015=100 in Dec 2015. Switzerland Consumer Price Index (CPI): Housing Rent and Energy: Housing Maintenance Services data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Swiss Federal Statistical Office. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Switzerland – Table CH.I004: Consumer Price Index: December 2015=100.

In 2023, the U.S. Consumer Price Index was 309.42, and is projected to increase to 352.27 by 2029. The base period was 1982-84. The monthly CPI for all urban consumers in the U.S. can be accessed here. After a time of high inflation, the U.S. inflation rateis projected fall to two percent by 2027. United States Consumer Price Index ForecastIt is projected that the CPI will continue to rise year over year, reaching 325.6 in 2027. The Consumer Price Index of all urban consumers in previous years was lower, and has risen every year since 1992, except in 2009, when the CPI went from 215.30 in 2008 to 214.54 in 2009. The monthly unadjusted Consumer Price Index was 296.17 for the month of August in 2022. The U.S. CPI measures changes in the price of consumer goods and services purchased by households and is thought to reflect inflation in the U.S. as well as the health of the economy. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics calculates the CPI and defines it as, "a measure of the average change over time in the prices paid by urban consumers for a market basket of consumer goods and services." The BLS records the price of thousands of goods and services month by month. They consider goods and services within eight main categories: food and beverage, housing, apparel, transportation, medical care, recreation, education, and other goods and services. They aggregate the data collected in order to compare how much it would cost a consumer to buy the same market basket of goods and services within one month or one year compared with the previous month or year. Given that the CPI is used to calculate U.S. inflation, the CPI influences the annual adjustments of many financial institutions in the United States, both private and public. Wages, social security payments, and pensions are all affected by the CPI.

Russia Consumer Price Index (CPI): Prev Dec=100: Gardening data was reported at 104.090 Prev Dec=100 in Dec 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 103.720 Prev Dec=100 for Nov 2018. Russia Consumer Price Index (CPI): Prev Dec=100: Gardening data is updated monthly, averaging 102.645 Prev Dec=100 from Jan 2006 (Median) to Dec 2018, with 156 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 114.090 Prev Dec=100 in Dec 2015 and a record low of 99.960 Prev Dec=100 in Jul 2017. Russia Consumer Price Index (CPI): Prev Dec=100: Gardening data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Inflation – Table RU.IA019: Consumer Price Index: Previous December=100: Non Food.

CPI: Prev Dec=100: Non Food: North Western Federal District (NW) data was reported at 101.220 Prev Dec=100 in Mar 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 100.800 Prev Dec=100 for Feb 2025. CPI: Prev Dec=100: Non Food: North Western Federal District (NW) data is updated monthly, averaging 103.080 Prev Dec=100 from Jan 2002 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 279 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 115.020 Prev Dec=100 in Dec 2015 and a record low of 100.100 Prev Dec=100 in Feb 2023. CPI: Prev Dec=100: Non Food: North Western Federal District (NW) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Inflation – Table RU.IB011: Consumer Price Index: Previous December=100: All Regions: Non Food.

Consumer Price Index (CPI): Prev Dec=100: Non Food: CF: Kursk Region data was reported at 101.230 Prev Dec=100 in Mar 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 101.020 Prev Dec=100 for Feb 2025. Consumer Price Index (CPI): Prev Dec=100: Non Food: CF: Kursk Region data is updated monthly, averaging 103.400 Prev Dec=100 from Jan 2002 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 279 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 116.170 Prev Dec=100 in Dec 2015 and a record low of 99.760 Prev Dec=100 in Feb 2023. Consumer Price Index (CPI): Prev Dec=100: Non Food: CF: Kursk Region data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Inflation – Table RU.IB011: Consumer Price Index: Previous December=100: All Regions: Non Food.

CPI: Prev Dec=100: Non Food: CF: Ryazan Region data was reported at 101.930 Prev Dec=100 in Mar 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 101.470 Prev Dec=100 for Feb 2025. CPI: Prev Dec=100: Non Food: CF: Ryazan Region data is updated monthly, averaging 103.450 Prev Dec=100 from Jan 2002 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 279 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 113.930 Prev Dec=100 in Dec 2015 and a record low of 99.910 Prev Dec=100 in Jan 2010. CPI: Prev Dec=100: Non Food: CF: Ryazan Region data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Inflation – Table RU.IB011: Consumer Price Index: Previous December=100: All Regions: Non Food.

CPI: Prev Dec=100: Non Food: UF: Tumen Region data was reported at 101.230 Prev Dec=100 in Mar 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 101.060 Prev Dec=100 for Feb 2025. CPI: Prev Dec=100: Non Food: UF: Tumen Region data is updated monthly, averaging 102.940 Prev Dec=100 from Jan 2002 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 279 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 112.390 Prev Dec=100 in Dec 2015 and a record low of 98.140 Prev Dec=100 in Apr 2023. CPI: Prev Dec=100: Non Food: UF: Tumen Region data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Inflation – Table RU.IB011: Consumer Price Index: Previous December=100: All Regions: Non Food.

Switzerland Consumer Price Index (CPI): Housing Rent and Energy: Housing Repair: Material data was reported at 99.336 Dec2015=100 in Jun 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 99.431 Dec2015=100 for May 2018. Switzerland Consumer Price Index (CPI): Housing Rent and Energy: Housing Repair: Material data is updated monthly, averaging 95.516 Dec2015=100 from Dec 1982 (Median) to Jun 2018, with 427 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 106.552 Dec2015=100 in Mar 2008 and a record low of 66.912 Dec2015=100 in Feb 1983. Switzerland Consumer Price Index (CPI): Housing Rent and Energy: Housing Repair: Material data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Swiss Federal Statistical Office. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Switzerland – Table CH.I004: Consumer Price Index: December 2015=100.