Oil prices saw a modest rise after declines due to Saudi production signals, amidst U.S. economic contraction and trade policy impacts.

Global book publishers have had their fair share of ups and downs stemming from volatile economic conditions and changing consumer preferences. The pandemic slowed physical print releases as supply chains were disrupted and publishers were forced to operate at a limited capacity. While physical bookstores were closed, online retailers could still deliver books directly to consumers' doorsteps, preventing publishers from facing a significant drop-off. Even so, smaller publishers that couldn't keep up were forced to exit because of low profitability. As the effects of the pandemic waned, book publishers faced higher paper prices, causing an uptick in the prices they charged consumers. Still, rising reading activity carried over and consumers were out and about in physical bookstores. Revenue has pushed up at a CAGR of 0.3% through the end of 2024, reaching $151.9 billion, including a 1.1% uptick in 2024 alone. The transition to digital media will continue to impact the way consumers read. The rise of e-books is forcing publishers to adapt and make their books more accessible digitally. While digital books are more condiment, smaller print runs will cause publishers to pay more for each printing, eating into profit and offsetting the costs they would save by going digital. Even so, many publishers are leveraging technology to make physical books more accessible than ever. Publisher websites can provide links to retailers, release dates and prices for anything a customer wants. This has helped stave off some digital penetration as shopping at brick-and-mortar locations has rebounded since the pandemic. Emerging markets are set to push new publishers into the industry as countries worldwide expand their literacy rates. The push for education alongside local government funding will pave the way for new publishers to release books that cater to these countries, facilitating academic book sales. Overall, global book publishing revenue is set to expand at a CAGR of 2.2% to $169.4 billion through the end of 2029.