This dataset provides values for GDP PER CAPITA PPP reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita is a measure of economic production, which takes the entire output of a national economy during a year and divides it by the population of that country. In the European Union, Luxembourg, Ireland, Denmark, the Netherlands, and Austria come out on top as the countries which produced the most per capita in 2023. Europe's richest countries benefit from multinational companies Many criticisms have been made of using GDP per capita as away to judge a country's economic wealth in recent years, as global capital flows have come to distort the statistics and to give a warped impression of different countries' wealth. This is most notably the case for Ireland and for Luxembourg, which while certainly high-income countries, have experienced dramatic booms in their GDP over the past two decades due to the accounting practices of the large multinational corporations which have their European headquarters in these member states, such as Facebook and Apple in Dublin, and Amazon in Luxembourg. Will the poorest countries converge towards the EU average? At the bottom of the list, two of the most recent member states of the EU, Romania and Bulgaria, come last in terms of GDP per capita. Whether these countries will be able to capitalize on their relatively low-wages to spur economic growth and experience the convergence towards the older member states of the union shown by countries such as Estonia, Czechia, and Lithuania, remains a pressing issue for these poorer member states.

In Europe, the variation in average amounts of financial wealth per adult varied considerably as of 2022, from approximately 449,000 U.S. dollars in Switzerland to roughly 1,200 U.S. dollars in Azerbaijan. In Europe, the overall average financial wealth per adult as of 2022 was 84,308 U.S. dollars. In terms of private wealth, Europe held the second highest value in the world, after North America.

What is financial wealth?

Financial wealth, also known as financial assets or liquid assets can include wealth that an individual has in the forms of cash, stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and bank deposits. In addition to financial wealth, wealth can also be measured in other assets, called non-financial wealth. This includes physical assets, such as real estate, land, vehicles, jewelry, and art, just to name a few.

Where do most wealthy individuals live?

Individuals with a net worth over one million U.S. dollars are called high-net worth individuals (HNWI). The United States was the home country to the highest number of HNWIs in 2021. China followed, although their number of HNWIs did not even reach one third of the number in the United States. In Europe, Switzerland is the country with the highest average financial wealth per adult, but with its small population size, the number of HNWIs does not come near the numbers in the United Kingdom, Germany, France, and Italy – the European countries with the highest number of HNWIs. Considering Switzerland’s small population size, however, it is the country in the world with the highest proportion of millionaires.

The average for 2023 based on 43 countries was 50594 U.S. dollars. The highest value was in Luxembourg: 130491 U.S. dollars and the lowest value was in Moldova: 15855 U.S. dollars. The indicator is available from 1990 to 2023. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

The average for 2023 based on 44 countries was 44137.65 U.S. dollars. The highest value was in Monaco: 256580.52 U.S. dollars and the lowest value was in Ukraine: 5069.7 U.S. dollars. The indicator is available from 1960 to 2023. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

In 2023, Germany had the highest number of billionaires in Europe and the third highest in the world at 170. The United Kingdom followed with 122 billionaires, while Russia had 118. The United States was the country with the highest number of billionaires, followed by China.

With a Gross Domestic Product of over 4.18 trillion Euros, the German economy was by far the largest in Europe in 2023. The similar-sized economies of the United Kingdom and France were the second and third largest economies in Europe during this year, followed by Italy and Spain. The smallest economy in this statistic is that of the small Balkan nation of Montenegro, which had a GDP of 5.7 billion Euros. In this year, the combined GDP of the 27 member states that compose the European Union amounted to approximately 17.1 trillion Euros. The big five Germany’s economy has consistently had the largest economy in Europe since 1980, even before the reunification of West and East Germany. The United Kingdom, by contrast, has had mixed fortunes during the same time period and had a smaller economy than Italy in the late 1980s. The UK also suffered more than the other major economies during the recession of the late 2000s, meaning the French economy was the second largest on the continent for some time afterward. The Spanish economy was continually the fifth-largest in Europe in this 38-year period, and from 2004 onwards, has been worth more than one trillion Euros. The smallest GDP, the highest economic growth in Europe Despite having the smallerst GDP of Europe, Montenegro emerged as the fastest growing economy in the continent, achieving an impressive annual growth rate of 4.5 percent, surpassing Turkey's growth rate of 4 percent. Overall,this Balkan nation has shown a remarkable economic recovery since the 2010 financial crisis, with its GDP projected to grow by 28.71 percent between 2024 and 2029. Contributing to this positive trend are successful tourism seasons in recent years, along with increased private consumption and rising imports. Europe's economic stagnation Malta, Albania, Iceland, and Croatia were among the countries reporting some of the highest growth rates this year. However, Europe's overall performance reflected a general slowdown in growth compared to the trend seen in 2021, during the post-pandemic recovery. Estonia experienced the sharpest negative growth in 2023, with its economy shrinking by 2.3% compared to 2022, primarily due to the negative impact of sanctions placed on its large neighbor, Russia. Other nations, including Sweden, Germany, and Finland, also recorded slight negative growth.

This dataset provides values for GOLD RESERVES reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

The statistic displays the minimum threshold of wealth owned by the population in selected European countries in order to be selected into the richest one percent as of 2014. For instance, in Luxembourg, the top richest one percent of the population started at 2.7 million euros in 2014. In comparison, in Spain the cut-off point was at 227.7 thousand euros in the same year.

This dataset provides values for CRUDE OIL PRODUCTION reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

In 2023, Germany topped the list in Europe for the number of billionaire individuals living there, having more than double the number of billionaires in Italy and France.

The statistic displays the share of private wealth that the richest ten percent of the population own in selected European countries as of 2014. The wealth concentration was highest in Austria and Germany, where the wealthiest 10 percent of households owned 62 and 60 percent of total value of private wealth, respectively.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.

The investigator's aim was to assess the quality of spatial information about urban public transport in towns in one country with deregulated buses (Britain) and in four less wealthy countries of Europe, to compare the quality with that in the 11 wealthy countries with regulated public transport which were previously studied in 1995, and to assess the reasons for the differences. The specific objectives were:

• to compare the availability and quality of spatial information about urban public transport for travellers in western European countries where public transport is regulated, with that in Britain where the buses are deregulated, and to investigate whether deregulation is the cause of the difference
• to compare the availability and quality of spatial information about urban public transport for travellers in wealthy western European countries, with that in poorer countries in Western Europe, and
• to investigate whether lack of funding is the cause of the difference.

Main Topics:

The data consist of 214 variables and 58 records. Each record is one town in Europe, spread over 16 countries including Great Britain. Variables are mainly scores for various aspects of public transport spatial information such as 'Are bus maps displayed at bus shelters?'.

How do economic recessions affect European citizens’ attitudes towards environmental policies? In this article we investigate the attitudes of European citizens towards environmental protection considering its importance both at individual and country levels and adopting a longitudinal view. In light of the existing research on the link between pro-environmental attitudes and economic affluence of societies, including Ronald Inglehart’s theory of post-materialism, we hypothesise that levels of economic well-being as well as trust in political institutions are important drivers of Europeans’ attitudes towards environmental protection. Taking into consideration some macroeconomic indicators and the environmental attitude of public opinion, our main results show that even in time of crises, citizens’ pro-environmental attitudes persist in terms of importance, both at country and individual levels.

The size of the European Coffee Market was valued at USD 47.88 Million in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 62.84 Million by 2032, with an expected CAGR of 3.96% during the forecast period. European coffee culture is a rich and diverse tradition that varies significantly across the continent, yet shares a common appreciation for quality and the social experience of coffee drinking. Originating from the introduction of coffee in Europe during the 16th and 17th centuries, European coffee culture has evolved to include a variety of unique brewing methods and coffee beverages. In countries like Italy, espresso is the cornerstone of coffee culture, with drinks such as cappuccino, macchiato, and caffè latte being popular choices. France is known for its café au lait, a combination of brewed coffee and steamed milk, typically enjoyed in the morning. Spain offers the cortado, a small espresso cut with an equal amount of steamed milk to balance its bitterness. The experience of drinking coffee in Europe often extends beyond the beverage itself to the ambiance of the coffeehouse. European cafés are places for socializing, relaxation, and even intellectual discourse, reflecting the cultural significance of coffee as more than just a drink. The tradition of savoring coffee, rather than consuming it quickly, is a hallmark of European coffee culture, emphasizing the importance of taking time to enjoy the moment. Overall, European coffee culture is characterized by its variety, quality, and the social rituals that accompany coffee drinking. Whether it's a strong Italian espresso, a creamy French café au lait, or a balanced Spanish cortado, each country brings its own unique flavor and tradition to the rich tapestry of European coffee. Recent developments include: November 2022: Nescafé Dolce Gusto unveiled its next-generation coffee pods and machines, referred to as Neo. Nestlé's new coffee pods use 70% less packaging than current capsules (by weight) and are paper-based and compostable. Nestlé's Swiss R&D Center for Systems has refined this product over the past five years., May 2022: Melitta and OFI partnered to provide consumers with traceable and differentiated coffee. OFI (Olam Food Ingredients) and Melitta Europa GmbH & Co. KG - Coffee Division use blockchain technology and other digital tools to track coffee from farm to roaster and meet growing consumer demand., December 2021: Starbucks introduced its new oat dairy alternative coffee in its espresso segment. It includes three combinations of flavors, Vanilla & Strawberry, Hazelnut & Honey, and Dark Cocoa & Orange, uniquely handcrafted to enhance a distinctive flavor. It announced its plan to not charge extra for dairy-alternative products from January 2022.. Key drivers for this market are: Increasing Incidences of Food Allergies, Favorable Government Initiatives and Regulations for Food Safety. Potential restraints include: Inconsistencies Involved in Food Allergen Declarations. Notable trends are: Consumer Preference for Premium Coffee Fuels Growth in Specialty Coffee Shops Market.

In 2025, Luxembourg was the country with the highest gross domestic product per capita in the world. Of the 20 listed countries, 13 are in Europe and five are in Asia, alongside the U.S. and Australia. There are no African or Latin American countries among the top 20. Correlation with high living standards While GDP is a useful indicator for measuring the size or strength of an economy, GDP per capita is much more reflective of living standards. For example, when compared to life expectancy or indices such as the Human Development Index or the World Happiness Report, there is a strong overlap - 14 of the 20 countries on this list are also ranked among the 20 happiest countries in 2024, and all 20 have "very high" HDIs. Misleading metrics? GDP per capita figures, however, can be misleading, and to paint a fuller picture of a country's living standards then one must look at multiple metrics. GDP per capita figures can be skewed by inequalities in wealth distribution, and in countries such as those in the Middle East, a relatively large share of the population lives in poverty while a smaller number live affluent lifestyles.

The rising share of national income taken by the top one percent of earners is a common thread amongst almost all European countries over the past half century. As economic globalization took hold throughout the 1980s and 1990s, European countries experienced de-industrialization due to the emergence of international competitors, mostly in East Asia. At the same time, information technology and finance became much more important for most European economies, while growth in these sectors tends to favor high earners. This rise in inequality is also often also attributed to the ascendence of 'neoliberal' economic and political ideas which prioritized free markets and the privatization of government-owned businesses. Russia: the explosion of inequality after the fall of communismAmong the largest European economies, the Russian Federation stands out as the country which experienced the sharpest increase in inequality, as a small number of 'oligarchs' took control of the major industries after the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of communist rule in 1991. The top one percent in Russia increased their share of national income five-fold over the 20 years from 1987 to 2007, when inequality in the country reached its peak as the oligarchs took home over a quarter of the country's income. Turkey: falling share of national income taken by top earnersTurkey has bucked the trend of the rising income share for the richest over this period, as its extremely concentrated income distribution has in fact become somewhat more equitable. The highest earners in Turkey saw their share of national income drop from almost 28 percent in the early 1980s, to a low of 17 percent in 2007, after which it has stabilized between 19 and 21 percent. Western Europe: gradually rising share of national income for the richThe five western European democracies, Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom, have all seen increases in their top earners' shares of national income over this period. The United Kingdom, Italy, and Germany have in particular seen their shares increase sharply, while Spain and France have experienced a more gradual increase.

The city of Paris in France had an estimated gross domestic product of 757.6 billion Euros in 2021, the most of any European city. Paris was followed by the spanish capital, Madrid, which had a GDP of 237.5 billion Euros, and the Irish capital, Dublin at 230 billion Euros. Milan, in the prosperous north of Italy, had a GDP of 228.4 billion Euros, 65 billion euros larger than the Italian capital Rome, and was the largest non-capital city in terms of GDP in Europe. The engine of Europe Among European countries, Germany had by far the largest economy, with a gross domestic product of over 4.18 trillion Euros. The United Kingdom or France have been Europe's second largest economy since the 1980s, depending on the year, with forecasts suggesting France will overtake the UK going into the 2020s. Germany however, has been the biggest European economy for some time, with five cities (Munich, Berlin, Hamburg, Stuttgart and Frankfurt) among the 15 largest European cities by GDP. Europe's largest cities In 2023, Moscow was the largest european city, with a population of nearly 12.7 million. Paris was the largest city in western Europe, with a population of over 11 million, while London was Europe's third-largest city at 9.6 million inhabitants.

As of 2021, the countries in Europe with the greatest share of national wealth taken by the top 10 percent of wealthy people were Russia, Turkey, and Hungary, with over two-thirds of wealth in Russia being owned by the wealthiest decile. On the other hand, the Netherlands, Slovakia, and Denmark were the countries with the smallest share of national wealth going to the top 10 percent, with more than half of wealth in the Netherlands going to the bottom 90 percent. Ireland, Poland, and Greece stand out, as in these countries the 50 percent of people who own the least wealth in fact have negative net wealth, meaning that the value of their debt is greater than the value of their gross wealth.

The real gross domestic product (GDP) of Malta is estimated to have grown by 7.5 percent in 2023 and is projected to grow a further five percent in 2024, which are the highest growth rates across all European countries for each year. In comparison, Estonia, Austria, Finland, and Ireland all had negative growth rates in 2023.