In 2024, there were a total of 2,532 shootings registered in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. March was the month with the most shootings in each of the given years, except for 2024 - in that year, there were 254 occurrences, or about 10 percent of the year's total. The lowest number of shootings in the given period occurred in August 2023 when 153 cases were recorded. Police violence in Rio In 2022, the Supreme Court ordered the state government of Rio de Janeiro to come up with a plan to reduce police lethality, as the level of violence in police actions was deemed unacceptable, due to high numbers of casualties and human rights violations. The number of civilians killed as a result of police intervention more than quadrupled between 2013 and 2019, reaching a record number of 1,814 that year. Despite the decrease in comparison to 2019, every year from 2020 to 2022 saw more than 1,200 civilians being killed. Furthermore, it is deemed that there is structural racism in the actions of security forces. For instance, 80 percent of the deaths caused by police interventions in the state during 2023 were of people of color. Shootings and massacres in Rio Civil society and public institutions have made proposals to alleviate this situation. One of them is the ADPF 635 (Allegation of Violation of a Fundamental Precept), also known as ADPF Favelas Case, presented by the Brazilian Socialist Party, and whose preliminary approval took place in June 2020. The measure restricted unplanned police operations in the favelas during the pandemic. Despite its frequent violations, it showed evident results. Shootings fell from 7,368 in 2019 to less than 3,000 in 2024. Over one third of documented shootings in 2024 were due to police operations, while 288 were motivated by murder or attempted murder, the second most common reason. In March 2022, the government of Rio de Janeiro published a plan to reduce deaths during police operations. That year, the State of Rio de Janeiro recorded 92 fewer deaths than the previous year, and the number has fallen every year since.

The annual robbery rate in the city of Rio de Janeiro has stabilized since 2020, after it more than doubled from roughly *** robberies per 100,000 inhabitants in 2012 to almost ***** in 2017. The sharpest decline in the robbery rate occurred between 2019 and 2020 when it fell from ***** to below 1,000 thefts, reflecting a decrease of approximately ** percent. In 2024, the annual robbery rate was *** thefts per 100,000 inhabitants, however this still equates to almost one percent of the population being robbed each year.

In 2023, approximately 50,000 cases of violence against women were reported in the city of Rio de Janeiro. With over 18,000 cases, psychological violence, such as threatening behavior, harassment, and humiliation, was the category with the most reported cases, while property damage was the least reported category with fewer than 2,200 cases.

The Rio de Janeiro (RJ) municipality presents one of the highest crime rates in Brazil. However, since the 2000s, a significant reduction of lethal crimes has been observed. Given this scenario, the aim of this study is to analyze the factors that determined this phenomenon. Among them, it seeks to assess the effects of the Pacifying Police Unit (Unidade de Polícia Pacificadora - UPP). To this end, the statistical error correction vector (ECV) method was used. This study allowed for the analysis of short- and long-term relationships between crime rates and variables associated with economic activity and police action. The applied dataset comprises the period between April 2002 and August 2019. The main results indicate that UPP implementation contributed to lethal crime reduction in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. Furthermore, the results show that coercive police action tends to increase crime rates.

In 2024, six of the eight Brazilian cities with the highest homicide rates were in the Northeast. Feira da Santana led the ranking of the most violent city in Brazil, with a murder rate of ***** per 100,000 inhabitants. It was followed followed by Recife, with a homicide rate of more than ** per 100,000 inhabitants. In Latin America and the Caribbean, Feira da Santana was the **** most deadly city.

In 2022, the state of Bahia reported the largest number of homicides in Brazil. That year, ***** homicides were recorded in this northeastern state. Bahia was followed by the state of Rio de Janeiro, with ***** murders reported. Despite that, the number of homicides in Brazil reached the lowest figure that year since at least 2006, totaling ******. Homicide targets Data shows that homicides affected men disproportionaly more than women in this South American country. Considering the over ****** homicides registered in Brazil in 2022, nearly ** percent had men as victims. Again, it is important to remember the deterioration of data quality, specially in the case of femicides: there was a woman victim of violent death with no clear cause for every woman victim of homicide in Brazil. In that regard, the Brazilian states of Mato Grosso and Rondônia had the highest femicide rates. At least ***** of every 100,000 women who lived in those territories were murdered on account of their gender in 2023. Not only women, but the number of black and brown people murdered in Brazil had been growing throughout the years up until 2017, revealing that minorities are increasingly becoming the targets of violence. In 2022, nearly ****** people of color were killed in Brazil, over ***** times the number of non-black or non-brown people. Police Violence Police brutality has been gaining attention from the media, especially after George Floyd violent death in 2020. In Brazil, police violence, particularly in poor areas, such as favelas, is an old and well-known problem that affects society as a whole. Figures have shown that the number of civilians killed by police officers in Brazil surpassed ***** in both 2021 and 2022. Coincidentally, Rio de Janeiro and Bahia, the Brazilian states with the highest number of homicides, are also the ones with the highest number of people killed by the police. In Rio, the state with the second-highest figure, people of color were the main victims of deadly police interventions.

This dataset is available on the official website of the Rio de Janeiro State Statistics Authority.

It encompasses crime rates across the state of Rio de Janeiro, spanning from 1990 to the present day.

columns: ano (year) mes (month) hom_doloso (intentional_homicide) lesao_corp_morte (death_by_physical_injury) latrocinio (robbery_with_fatal_violence) cvli (violent_fatalities) hom_por_interv_policial (homicide_by_police_action) letalidade_violenta (violent_lethality) tentat_hom (attempted_homicide) lesao_corp_dolosa (intentional_bodily_injury) estupro (rape) hom_culposo (negligent_homicide) lesao_corp_culposa (negligent_bodily_injury) roubo_transeunte (street_robbery) roubo_celular (cellphone_robbery) roubo_em_coletivo (robbery_in_public_transport) roubo_rua (street_robbery) roubo_veiculo (vehicle_robbery) roubo_carga (cargo_theft) roubo_comercio (commercial_establishment_robbery) roubo_residencia (residential_robbery) roubo_banco (bank_robbery) roubo_cx_eletronico (ATM_robbery) roubo_conducao_saque (robbery_during_withdrawal) roubo_apos_saque (post_withdrawal_robbery) roubo_bicicleta (bicycle_robbery) outros_roubos (other_robberies) total_roubos (total_robberies) furto_veiculos (motor_vehicle_theft) furto_transeunte (pedestrian_theft) furto_coletivo (public_transport_theft) furto_celular (cellphone_theft) furto_bicicleta (bicycle_theft) outros_furtos (other_thefts) total_furtos (total_thefts) sequestro (kidnapping) extorsao (extortion) sequestro_relampago (express_kidnapping) estelionato (fraud) apreensao_drogas (drug_seizure) posse_drogas (drug_possession) trafico_drogas (drug_trafficking) apreensao_drogas_sem_autor (drug_seizure_without_authorization) recuperacao_veiculos (vehicle_recovery) apf (police_arrests_flagrant) aaapai (admonition_of_infringement_of_rights_by_the_police) cmp (notification_of_infringement_of_rights_by_the_police) cmba (notification_of_infringement_of_rights_by_the_police) ameaca (threat) pessoas_desaparecidas (missing_people) encontro_cadaver (discovered_corpse) encontro_ossada (discovered_human_remains) pol_militares_mortos_serv (police_officers_killed_on_duty) pol_civis_mortos_serv (civilian_police_employees_killed_on_duty) registro_ocorrencias (crime_reports) fase (phase)

Content

This dataset contain official crime statistics from São Paulo state cities (Brazil) and were prepared based on information available on the Civil State Police statistics site: http://www.ssp.sp.gov.br/Estatistica/Pesquisa.aspx

• Period available:

  • Crime Monthly Occurrences and Policy productivity: 2001 - May, 2021 Note: in both datasets, decimal separator is a point (".") .

  • Crime rates (annual rates available): 1999 -2020 (available for some of the cities) Note: in this dataset, decimal separator is a comma (",") .

• Data and labels in brazilian portuguese.

• Information about crime type interpretation (available only in brazilian portuguese) in: http://www.ssp.sp.gov.br/Estatistica/download/manual.pdf

• Datasets prepared with Selenium (webscraping) and Pandas libraries in Python.

Author: Dalciana B. Waller https://github.com/DBWALLER

There were 758 fatalities due to shootings recorded in 2024 in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This represents a decrease of 21 percent in comparison to the deaths caused by firearms in the previous year. An overall 2.532, shootings were registered in the region that year.

In 2024, Brazil's homicide rate reached **** incidents per 100,000 people. This is the lowest figure recorded in the country since 2012.

Supplementary material for computing a blue-crime index to Brazil. The Excel files include the Brazilian Public Security Yearbook and data used in the index.

Data about homicide rate and the relationship with drug market and socioeconomic factors

This statistic shows the results of a survey carried out in August 2017 to find out the opinions of tourists visiting the Brazilian city of Rio de Janeiro. As of August 2017, up to **** percent of respondents stated they had not witnessed any crime or delinquent activity while visiting Rio de Janeiro.

Abstract The scope of this paper is to analyze the variation of the spatial pattern of the homicide rate in Brazil between 2000 and 2015. It is an ecological study by micro-regions of homicides taken from the Mortality Information System, using Moran indexes, and critical area clusters (95% CI). The rate increased by 6% (to 29.1/100,000 inhabitants (95% CI 28.9, 29.4), and in 80% of the micro regions between 2000 and 2015. The areas with high rates (> 38.2/100,000) increased 2.7-fold. In 2000, the highest rates were concentrated in areas in Pernambuco, São Paulo, Mato Grosso and Rio de Janeiro; by 2015, it will affect most states in the North and Northeast. The coastal regions of the Northeast and borders of Pará and Maranhão in the Amazon are critical areas. The lowest rate (19.1/100,000) is in São Paulo and Santa Catarina micro regions, with less critical clusters in the Southeast and South regions. Homicides have expanded into the interior of Brazil, with displacement between regions, mainly gravitating towards the poorest, which exhibit more critical areas in several scenarios, such as state borders and the coast. Conversely, there is marked contraction of homicides in states of highly developed regions with the presence of less critical areas. Key words Homicide

BackgroundHomicide kills more people than war globally and is associated with income inequality. In Brazil, one of the most unequal countries of the world, the homicide rate is four times higher than the world average. Establishing if the Brazilian conditional cash transfer programme [Bolsa Familia Programme (BFP)], the largest in the world, is associated with a reduction in the rate of homicide is relevant for violence prevention programs. We aimed to assess the effect of BFP coverage on homicide and hospitalization rates from violence.MethodsBFP coverage and rates of homicide (overall and disaggregated by sex and age) and hospitalizations from violence from all 5,507 Brazilian municipalities between 2004 and 2012 were explored using multivariable negative binomial regression models with fixed effect for panel data. Robustness of results was explored using sensitivity analyses such as difference-in-difference models.FindingsHomicide rates and hospitalization from violence decreased as BFP coverage in the target population increased. For each percent increase in the uptake of the BFP, the homicide rate decreased by 0.3% (Rate Ratio:0.997; 95%CI:0.996–0.997) and hospitalizations from violence by 0.4% (RR: 0.996;95%CI:0.995–0.996). Rates of homicide and hospitalizations from violence were also negatively associated with the duration of BFP coverage. When, coverage of the target population was at least 70% for one-year, hospitalizations from violence decreased by 8%; two-years 14%, three-years 20%, and four years 25%.InterpretationOur results support the hypothesis that conditional cash transfer programs might have as an additional benefit the prevention of homicides and hospitalizations from violence. Social protection interventions could contribute to decrease levels of violence in low-and-middle-income-countries through reducing poverty and/or socioeconomic inequalities.

Abstract Macrosociological theories of criminal violence predict that the rate of violent crimes, especially intentional homicide, increases in response to social structures and processes that strengthen violent motivations or weaken social controls on violence. To test these hypotheses, we used several bivariate and multivariate regression models with panel data and variables constructed with demographic and mortality data, according to theoretical relevance, to verify whether the use of psychoactive substances, access to firearms, sociodemographic structures (population growth and density and proportion of young men), and the prevalence of socioeconomic exclusion increased the rate of intentional homicides in Brazilian microregions between 1996 and 2019. Most of the results significantly support the hypotheses. But the most powerful factor was the previous year’s homicide rate. This reveals an endogenous feedback tendency of violence in the short and medium terms, which can lead to the accumulation of the effects of the structural factors of intentional homicides.

Fixed effect regression models for adjusted associations between homicide rates or hospitalizations from violence and BFP coverage and percentage of municipality inhabitants receiving BF in the Brazilian municipalities (as continuous variables), also stratified by municipalities of different population sizes, 2004–2012.

In the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 2023, 42 percent of the population identified as white and 57.8 percent as black, including Pardo Brazilians. However, the number of white civilians killed as a result of police intervention reached nearly 13 percent that year, while black victims made up the remaining 87 percent.

Fixed effect regression models for adjusted associations between homicide rates and BFP coverage in the Brazilian municipalities by gender, 2004–2012.

In 2024, São Paulo was the Brazilian state that had the highest number of car thefts and break-ins, totaling approximately 125,690. It was followed by Rio de Janeiro state with 48,270 cases reported. Over 344,000 vehicle thefts and break-ins in the South American country during 2024 were recorded.