HydroSHEDS is a mapping product that provides hydrographic information for regional and global-scale applications in a consistent format. It offers a suite of geo-referenced datasets (vector and raster) at various scales, including river networks, watershed boundaries, drainage directions, and flow accumulations. HydroSHEDS is based on elevation data obtained in 2000 by NASA's Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM). This dataset provides polylines that represent river networks, derived from and consistent with other HydroSHEDS datasets. These data are based on 15 arc-seconds (approx. 500 m at the equator) resolution raster data. Mapping the world's free-flowing rivers: data set and technical documentation Note that the quality of the HydroSHEDS data is significantly lower for regions above 60 degrees northern latitude as there is no underlying SRTM elevation data available and thus a coarser-resolution DEM was (HYDRO1k provided by USGS). HydroSHEDS was developed by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) Conservation Science Program in partnership with the U.S. Geological Survey, the International Centre for Tropical Agriculture, The Nature Conservancy, and the Center for Environmental Systems Research of the University of Kassel, Germany.

The data set provides global river networks and corresponding water resources zones at three arc-seconds resolution and seven level. It provides river networks with good accuracy and precision and water resource zones with clearer topological relationships to ensure the efficiency of hydrological simulation and the accuracy of water resources evaluation.

'A data set of global river networks and corresponding water resources zones divisions V2.0'

This dataset comprises river centrelines, digitised from OS 1:50,000 mapping. It consists of four components: rivers; canals; surface pipes (man-made channels for transporting water such as aqueducts and leats); and miscellaneous channels (including estuary and lake centre-lines and some underground channels). This dataset is a representation of the river network in Great Britain as a set of line segments, i.e. it does not comprise a geometric network.

This water flow network dataset is a route feature class rather than a simple polyline. The geometry is generated by merging the river lines of individual geometric network datasets. This layer contains an integrated flow network that includes known flow connections through rivers, lakes and groundwater aquifers. In places where the network is depicted flowing through lakes or through underground channels, the flow channels are schematic only, and do not represent the precise location of these flow channels. The appropriate Geological Survey Ireland data sets should be consulted where underground flows or connections are known or suspected.This dataset is provided by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). For more information please see https://gis.epa.ie/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/c4043e19-38ec-4120-a588-8cd01ac94a9c

Ordnance Survey (OS) make an open dataset of rivers available as OS Open Rivers vector polylines under an Open Government Licence, derived from the detailed OS MasterMap Water Layer. Although widely used by the practitioner and the academic community it is not fully topologically connected, limiting its suitability for several uses and research applications such as linear referencing and reach analysis, hydro-ecological analysis, water quality monitoring, restoration and remediation prioritisation, connectivity planning and integration in decision support tools. The entire river network for Great Britain was corrected for topological errors and attributed with additional data. The network consisted of 183,349 polylines representing 147,387 kilometres.To ensure the network was a topologically correct river network, canals and channels that broke the dendritic connectivity of the river network were removed. The network was further simplified by removing loops. Small unconnected sections that were within the great catchment they sat within were also deleted out.With the topological errors removed, the network was passed through the river network processing tool RivEX to create added-value attribution. Encoding the network with these pre-computed values allows for rapidly analyse of the network alongside site data (points snapped to the network).Further details on edits made to the network and the attribute fields added are recorded in the lineage and fields section of the metadata.For further info see https://openrivers.net/

The two folders contain the networks at high resolution (HQ) and at a coarser resolution (HS07). Both datasets contain networks from 10 to 1000 nodes approximatly. HQ contains smaller rivers while HS07 contains the major and most relevant rivers.

The comid field of these data can be used to join to the NHDPlus version 2 flowline comid or catchment featureid attributes. The included attributes follow the same data model as the NHDPlusV2 but include numerous updates and improvements to network connectivity. All attributes that depend on network connectivity have been recalculated. These attributes are based on the National Hydrography Dataset Plus V2.1 (NHDPlusV2) network geometry and modifications retrieved from the National Water Model V2.1 (NWMv2.1) and "E2NHDPlusV2_us: Database of Ancillary Hydrologic Attributes and Modified Routing for NHDPlus Version 2.1 Flowlines" (E2NHDPlusV2) datasets. The attributes included are: comid, tocomid, fcode, nameID, lengthkm, reachcode, frommeas, tomeas, arbolate_sum, terminalpa ,hydroseq, levelpathi, pathlength, dnhydroseq, areasqkm, totdasqkm, terminalfl, dnlevelpat. These attributes are available in three formats: csv, fst, and parquet. "fst" is a high performance format for use with ...

Corresponding manuscript

This dataset corresponds to all input and output files that were used in the study reported in:

• Collins, E.L., Altenau, E., Pavelsky, T., David, C.H., Getirana, A., and Johnson, E.. (Submitted), River Network Routing and Discharge Partitioning on a Multichannel River Network.

When making use of any of the files in this dataset, please cite both the aforementioned article and the dataset herein.

Files included in this version

All 3-hourly discharge simulations (netCDF) for the SWORD Mirror (traditional, single channel) and SWORD (multichannel) river networks for the Amazon (b62) and Mackenzie (b82) river basins. Note that there are three files each for the SWORD river network for each basin. These correspond to each of the discharge partitioning approaches tested in the study: (1) width only ('wid'), (2) width and length ('wid_len'), and (3) width and sinuosity ('wid_sin').

• Qout_SWORDMirror_b62_20150101_20240531_GLDASv21.nc.zip

• Qout_SWORDMirror_b82_20150101_20240531_GLDASv21.nc.zip

• Qout_SWORD_b62_20150101_20240531_GLDASv21_wid.nc.zip

• Qout_SWORD_b62_20150101_20240531_GLDASv21_wid_len.nc.zip

• Qout_SWORD_b62_20150101_20240531_GLDASv21_wid_sin.nc.zip

• Qout_SWORD_b82_20150101_20240531_GLDASv21_wid.nc.zip

• Qout_SWORD_b82_20150101_20240531_GLDASv21_wid_len.nc.zip

• Qout_SWORD_b82_20150101_20240531_GLDASv21_wid_sin.nc.zip

The SWORD Mirror and SWORD river network shapefiles for each basin with a column containing reach IDs so that discharge simulations from the netCDFs can be attached and visualized.

• SWORDMirror_b62.zip

• SWORDMirror_b82.zip

• SWORD_b62.zip

• SWORD_b82.zip

EU-Hydro is a dataset for all EEA38 countries and the United Kingdom providing photo-interpreted river network, consistent of surface interpretation of water bodies (lakes and wide rivers), and a drainage model (also called Drainage Network), derived from EU-DEM, with catchments and drainage lines and nodes. The EU-Hydro dataset is distributed in separate files (river network and drainage network) for each of the 35 major basins of the EEA38 + UK area. The production of EU-Hydro and the derived layers was coordinated by the European Environment Agency in the frame of the EU Copernicus programme.

river and wrz

River network data in Chinese Mainland and surrounding regions include the following supporting data: 1. merit_hydro_dir.geotiff: MERIT Hydro flow direction data. The data is chopped from MERIT Hydro global data, and the flow direction outside Chinese Mainland and surrounding areas is set to 0. 2. merit_hydro_upa.geotiff: MERIT Hydro drainage area data. This data is chopped from MERIT Hydro global data, and the flow direction outside Chinese Mainland and surrounding areas is set to nan. 3 drainage_density.geotiff: Drainage density data. Bilinearly interpolated from the "a dataset of 1km grid drainage density in China 2022" (https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.16001) to a 90 meter MERIT Hydro grid. For regions outside the study domain, the drainage density is calculated from a river network delineated from MERIT-Hydro data with a drainage area threshold of 10 km2(river_network_10km2.gpkg). 4 upstream_length.geotiff: Upstream accumulation length. Derived from drainage_density.geotiff and meridi-hydro-dir.geotiff, the calculation method can be found in the reference. 5 river_network_10km2.gpkg.gz: River network data of Chinese Mainland and surrounding regions. This data is extracted using a 10 km2 threshold based on merit_hydro_dir.geotiff and merit_hydro_upa.geotiff.6 river_network_varden.gpkg.gz: A Chinese Mainland River Network Dataset For Hydrodynamic Simulations. This data was extracted using a drainage density-preserving river network delineation algorithm. The input data are merit_hydro_dir.geotiff, merit_hydro_upa.geotiff and upstream_length.geotiff, with a threshold of 0.5 km2 for drainage area and 0.5 km for river segment length. Please refer to the reference for the delineation algorithm. 7 river_nework_10km2_1km.gpkg.gz: the same as river_network_10km2.gpkg.gz, except that all the river segments have length of approximately 1 km. The dataset is suitable for hydrodynamic simulations.8 river_network_varden_1km.gpkg.gz: the same as river_network_varden.gpkg.gz, except that all the river segments have length of approximately 1 km. The dataset is suitable for hydrodynamic simulations.

This national rivers dataset is a route feature class rather than a simple polyline. The geometry is generated by merging the river lines of individual geometric network datasets.

The Global River Topology (GRIT) is a vector-based, global river network that not only represents the tributary components of the global drainage network but also the distributary ones, including multi-thread rivers, canals and delta distributaries. It is also the first global hydrography (excl. Antarctica and Greenland) produced at 30m raster resolution. It is created by merging Landsat-based river mask (GRWL) with elevation-generated streams to ensure a homogeneous drainage density outside of the river mask (rivers narrower than approx. 30m). Crucially, it uses a new 30m digital terrain model (FABDEM, based on TanDEM-X) that shows greater accuracy over the traditionally used SRTM derivatives. After vectorisation and pruning, directionality is assigned by a combination of elevation, flow angle, heuristic and continuity approaches (based on RivGraph). The network topology (lines and nodes, upstream/downstream IDs) is available as layers and attribute information in the GeoPackage files (readable by QGIS/ArcMap/GDAL).

Regions

Vector files are provided in 6 continental regions with the following codes:

• AF - Africa
• AS - Asia
• EU - Europe
• NA - North America
• SA - South America
• SP - South Pacific/Australia

The domain polygons (GRITv04_domain_GLOBAL.gpkg.zip) provide 60 subcontinental catchment groups that are available as vector attributes. They allow for more fine-grained subsetting of data (e.g. with ogr2ogr --where).

Network segments

Lines between inlet, outlet, confluence and bifurcation nodes. Files have lines and nodes layers.

Attribute description of lines layer

Name	Data type	Description
cat	integer	domain internal feature ID
global_id	integer	global river segment ID, same as FID
catchment_id	integer	global catchment ID
upstream_node_id	integer	global segment node ID at upstream end of line
downstream_node_id	integer	global segment node ID at downstream end of line
upstream_line_ids	text	comma-separated list of global river segment IDs connecting at upstream end of line
downstream_line_ids	text	comma-separated list of global river segment IDs connecting at downstream end of line
direction_algorithm	float	code of RivGraph method used to set the direction of line
width_adjusted	float	median river width in m without accounting for width of segments connecting upstream/downstream
length_adjusted	float	segment length in m without accounting for width of segments connecting upstream/downstream in m
is_mainstem	integer	1 if widest segment of bifurcated flow or no bifurcation upstream, otherwise 0
cycle	integer	>0 if segment is part of an unresolved cycle, 0 otherwise
length	float	segment length in m
azimuth	float	direction of line connecting upstream-downstream nodes in degrees from North
sinuous	float	ratio of line length and Euclidean distance between upstream-downstream nodes, i.e. 1 meaning a perfectly straight line
domain	text	catchment group ID, see domain index file

Attribute description of nodes layer

Name	Data type	Description
cat	integer	domain internal feature ID
global_id	integer	global river node ID, same as FID
catchment_id	integer	global catchment ID
upstream_line_ids	text	comma-separated list of global river segment IDs flowing into node
downstream_line_ids	text	comma-separated list of global river segment IDs flowing out of node
node_type	text	description of node, one of bifurcation, confluence, inlet, coastal_outlet, sink_outlet, grwl_change
grwl_value	integer	GRWL code at node
grwl_transition	text	GRWL codes of change at grwl_change nodes
cycle	integer	>0 if segment is part of an unresolved cycle, 0 otherwise
continuity_violated	integer	1 if flow continuity is violated, otherwise 0
domain	text	catchment group, see domain index file

Network reaches

Segment lines split to not exceed 1km in length, i.e. these lines will be shorter than 1km and longer than 500m unless the segment is shorter. A simplified version with no vertices between nodes is also provided. Files have lines and nodes layers.

Attribute description of lines layer

Name	Data type	Description
cat	integer	domain internal feature ID
segment_id	integer	global segment ID of reach
global_id	integer	global river reach ID, same as FID
catchment_id	integer	global catchment ID
upstream_node_id	integer	global reach node ID at upstream end of line
downstream_node_id	integer	global reach node ID at downstream end of line
upstream_line_ids	text	comma-separated list of global river reach IDs connecting at upstream end of line
downstream_line_ids	text	comma-separated list of global river reach IDs connecting at downstream end of line
length	float	length of reach in m
sinuousity	float	ratio of line length and Euclidian distance between upstream-downstream nodes, i.e. 1 meaning a perfectly straight line
azimuth	float	direction of line connecting upstream-downstream nodes in degrees from North
domain	text	catchment group, see domain index file

Attribute description of nodes layer

Name	Data type	Description
cat	integer	domain internal feature ID
segment_node_id	integer	global ID of segment node at segment intersections, otherwise blank
n_segments	integer	number of segments attached to node
global_id	integer	global river reach node ID, same as FID
upstream_line_ids	text	comma-separated list of global river reach IDs flowing into node
downstream_line_ids	text	comma-separated list of global river reach IDs flowing out of node
domain	text	catchment group, see domain index file

Catchments

Catchment outlines for entire river basins (network components, including coastal drainage areas), segments (aka. subbasins) and reaches.

Attribute description

Name	Data type	Description
cat	integer	domain internal feature ID
global_id	integer	global catchment ID, same as global_id of segment/reach ID if is_coastal == 0 for respective catchments or the catchment_id for component_catchments, same as FID
area	float	catchment area in km2
is_coastal	integer	1 for coastal drainage areas, 0 otherwise
domain	text	catchment group, see domain index file

Raster

Upstream drainage area, flow direction and other raster-based products are also available upon request.

A geospatial dataset mapping river systems in Viet Nam. Attributes include: name of river, name of basin, name of sub-basin, Strahler number.

These attributes are based on the NHDPlusV2 network geometry and modifications retrieved from the National Water Model V2.1 (NWMv2.1) and "E2NHDPlusV2_us: Database of Ancillary Hydrologic Attributes and Modified Routing for NHDPlus Version 2.1 Flowlines" (E2NHDPlusV2) datasets. The attributes included are: comid, tocomid, ftype, fcode, gnis_name, gnis_id, fromnode, tonode, divergence, streamleve, streamorde, streamcalc, reachcode, frommeas, tomeas, lengthkm, arbolatesu, pathlength, areasqkm, totdasqkm, hwnodesqkm, hydroseq, dnhydroseq, levelpathi, terminalpa, dnlevelpat, terminalfl, terminalfl, wbareatype, wbareacomi, slope, slopelenkm, roughness, vpuin, vpuout, rpuid, vpuid. These attributes are available in four formats: csv, fst, parquet, and geopackage. "fst" is a high-performance format for use with the R programming language "fst" package. "parquet" is a high-performance format for use with multiple programming languages (including python) that support the Apache Arrow Parquet format. Geopackage is an open standard geodatabase format and includes both the attributes and geometry included in this data release. The comid field of these data can be used to join to the National Hydrography Dataset Plus V2.1 (NHDPlusV2) flowline comid or catchment featureid attributes. The included attributes follow the same data model as the NHDPlusV2 but include numerous updates and improvements to network connectivity. All attributes that depend on network connectivity have been recalculated. Version 3.0 includes updated flowline geometry in a geopackage geodatabase file with node geometry digitized in agreement with the network topology and all derived attributes compatible with non-dendritic network assumptions. Version 3.0 also now includes specific records of edits applied to the NHDPlusV2 from the NWMV2.1 and E2NHDPlusV2 in seperate geopackage geodatabases. See the entity and attributes section of this metadata record for more information.

Henriques-Silva_et_al_2018.Ecography - downstream datasetHenriques-Silva_et_al_2018.Ecography - Dataset.zip

This is a gdb file used in open data - The gdb has the Digital River Network (0.2 ha) This GIS layer is a vector dataset (polygons) representing individual catchments drawn at 0.2ha flow accumulation threshold (i.e., 0.2ha is the minimum size of a headwater catchment). Therefore, the Catchment_2k layer was produced from a 1m-resolution flow accumulation raster by using a threshold of 2000 cells. This means the upstream starting point (or headwater point) of stream segment was located where there is an upstream contributing areas of 0.2ha.Detailed Methodology report describing the datasethttps://www.nrc.govt.nz/resource-library-summary/research-and-reports/rivers-and-streams/high-resolution-digital-river-network-for-northland/Other DetailsData Provided By: Manas Chakraborty (Resource Scientist- Freshwater, NRC)

Supplementary files for Extraction of connected river networks from multi-temporal remote sensing imagery using a path tracking technique. Precise delineation of river networks is important for accurate hydrological and flood modelling. Whilst remote sensing (RS) has showed great potential in monitoring hydrological changes over space and time, the existing RS-based methods extract river networks based on local morphologies and seldom take into account the overall hydrological connectivity of the rivers. The existing methods also commonly neglect the effect of seasonal variation of water surfaces and the existence of temporary water bodies, which deteriorate the precision of positioning river networks. To address these challenges, a new two-stage method is developed to Extract spatiotemporal variation of water surfaces based on Multi-temporal remote sensing Imagery and Delineate connected river networks with improved accuracy (EMID method for short) using a path tracking technique. The EMID method delineates connected river networks using (a) multi-temporal imagery and a Random Forest model to synoptically map the location and extent of water surfaces under different hydrological conditions, and (b) an optimization algorithm to find the best river paths based on water-occurrence frequency. Four drainage basins with various river morphologies are considered to validate EMID. Comparing with alternative methods, the EMID method consistently produces river network results with improved accuracy in terms of stream location, river coverage and network connectivity.

χ' maps in shapefile format

The goal of developing HydroSHEDS was to generate key data layers to support regional and global watershed analyses, hydrological modeling, and freshwater conservation planning at a quality, resolution and extent that had previously been unachievable.