The North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Management, in cooperation with the NC Center for Geographic Information and Analysis, developed the digital Water Supply Watersheds data to enhance planning, siting and impact analysis in areas directly affecting water supply intakes. This file outlines the extent of protected and critical areas and stream classifications for areas around water supply watersheds in which development directly affects a water supply intake. This file enables users to identify the areas which have special restrictions for building and development based on water supply intakes. This file is updated as changes occur.

This data was created to assist governmental agencies and others in making resource management decisions through use of a Geographic Information System (GIS).

system filename: wsw Revisions and updates to this layer include:

18.) filename: wsw496 The April 1, 1996 update: A) The Upper Frech Broad River (Asheville) water supply watershed was moved from the proposed coverage to the adopted coverage. B) The Mills River (Asheville) water supply watershed was moved from the proposed coverage to the adopted coverage. C) The French Broad River water supply watershed was moved from the adopted coverage into the proposed coverage. These edits affect Buncombe and Henderson Counties. 17.) filename: wsw396 The March 6, 1996 update: A) The Reedy Fork critical area was changed to 'WS-III NSW' to match the protected area. This affected the Greensboro 100k tile area. B) The Belews Creek protected area was changed to 'WS-IV' to match the critical area. This affected the Winston-Salem 100k tile area. 16.) filename: wsw196 The January 25, 1996 update: A) Protected boundary was altered in the Long Creek (Little Tennessee) watershed. The watershed name was renamed to be Rock Creek (Little Tennessee). This affected the Robbinsville 24k quad. B) Protected boundary was altered in the South Fork Catawba River watershed. This affected the Banoke 24k quad. C) Addition of protected boundary for the Belews Creek watershed. This affected the Belews Creek 24k quad. D) Watersheds were deleted by request of DEM-Tranters Creek which was on the Rocky Mount & Plymouth 100k quads and Stokely Hollow which was on the Asheville 100k quad. E) Extensive changes to the actual boundaries of the watersheds throughout the state in an effort to have them coincident with the Hydrologic Units adopted earlier by EHNR-DEM and USDA-NRCS. Boundaries coincident in both coverages were deleted from the watershed file and copied back from the hydrologic units file. PREVIOUS TO THE 1/25/96 FILE, THIS FILE WAS NAMED: NC.WSW 15.) filname: nc.wsw695 The June 30, 1995 update: A) Protected and critical boundaries were altered in the Hiawassee River watershed. This affected the Mocksville, Peachtree, Marble, and Andrews 24k quads. B) The protected boundary was altered in the South Fork Catawba River watershed in Catawbaw and Lincoln Counties. The Banoak, Reepsville, and Maiden 24k quads were affected. C) The entire WSW area in Bear Creek was deleted in Davie County, affecting the Mocksville and Calahan 24k quads. D) Protected and critical boundaries were altered in the North Toe watershed in Avery and Mitchell counties. This affects the Carvers Gap, Newland, Spruce Pine, and Linville Falls 24k quads. 14.) filename: nc.wsw595 The May 4, 1995 update: an arc was deleted which divided the South Yadkin River-Cooleemee protected area. The change affects the area within the Cool Springs, Cooleemee, Calahan, and Mocksville 24k quads. 13.) filename: nc.wsw195 The January 13, 1995 update: A) A new boundary was added to the Hiawassee River (Murphy) in the Hiawassee River Basin. This addition split the existing watershed, and the western half was deleted. The change affects the Hayesville, Peachtree, and Murphy 24k quads. 12.) filename: nc.wsw1194 The November 4, 1994 update: A) The Smith River WSW, in the Roanoke river basin, had one of its boundaries altered. The change affects the Northeastern Eden 24k quad. 11.) filename: nc.wsw994 The September 13, 1994 update: A) The Lands Creek in the Little Tennessee River Basin in Swain County on the Fontana Lake 100k quad had the PAT attributes added. 10.) filename: nc.wsw894 The August 26, 1994 update consisted of the following watershed adoptions (additions). A) The Deep River in Lee County, in the Cape Fear River Basin. B) The Deep Creek in Swain County, in the Little Tennessee River Basin. C) The Yadkin River in Davie County, in the Yadkin River Basin. D.) The Yadkin River in King County, in the Yadkin River Basin, E) The South Yadkin River in Cooleemee City, in the Yadkin River Basin. 9.) filename: nc.wsw594 The May 18, 1994 update: A) The Tar River WSW within the Tar-Pamlico river basin was deleted. 8.) filename: nc.wsw494 The April 28, 1994 update: A) All proposed areas were removed from the data and are managed separately. Only amended areas are now reflected in this data. 7.) filename: nc.wsw194 The January 12, 1994 update: A) The Campbell Creek watershed in the French Broad river basin had the northern boundary moved. The edits affected the Dellwood 24k quad. B) The South Fork Catawba in the Catawba Watershed had its classification modified from WS-IV CA to WS-IV. C)The South Fork Catawba in the Catawba Watershed had its protected area reduced in size. The change affects the Banoak and Reepsville 24k quads. 6.) filename: nc.wsw102893 The October 28, 1993 update: A) The South Fork Catawba had previously had the protected area deleted. An additional portion of the boundary had been deleted, which was supposed to remain. The boundary was added back into the coverage. The affected maps were the 24k Maiden, Reepsville, Lincolnton West, Hickory, and Banoak, 100k quads were Hickory and Gastonia. 5.) filename: nc.wsw101593 The October 15, 1993 update: A) The northern protected area boundary for Clark Creek was deleted and the east and west critical area buffers were redigitized. Affected maps are the 24k Reepsville and Maiden and the Hickory 100k quad. 4.) filename: The September 8, 1993 update: A) The Little Tennessee River (Fontana Lake) protected area had the southeastern radius line removed, and had a northern ridgeline added. Affected maps are the 24k Fontana Dam and Tuskeegee quads, and the Fontana Lake 100k quad. 3.) filename: wsw193 The January 22, 1993 update: A) Cold Water Creek (Lake Fisher) in the Yadkin River Basin was changed from WS-III to WS-IV. 2.) filename: The November 17, 1992 update: A) Stokely Hollow, 100k Asheboro quad changed from WS-I to WS-II. B) Corrected location of Reddies River intake for the Yadkin river basin, Wilkesboro 24k, Boone 100k. C) Changed location of watershed boundary, intake, and critical area for the South Fork New River, New River Basin, Jefferson 24k, West Jefferson 24k Boone 100k. 1.) filename: nc.pcarv.old (protected/critical area with the same state lake as the .coe coverage, but this version was interpreted from USGS maps) filename: nc.pcarv.coe (protected/critical area with the Army Corp of Engineers version of a state lake) filename: nc.pcarv Previous to August 1992, this file was called Public Water Supply watersheds and only included WS-I, WS-II, WS-III classifications. filename: nc.pca filename: nc.pca2

The Buggs Island Dam and reservoir is being constructed for flood control, generation of hydroelectric power, and other allied uses. The reservoir is one unit of a comprehensive reservoir system planned for the Roanoke River Basin to control the widely fluctuating flows of the Roanoke River and its tributaries (see map on inside back cover for the location of these proposed reservoirs). The space in the upper portion of the reservoir will be reserved exclusively to control floods on the Roanoke River below the dam. The lower part of the reservoir space will be used for the storage of water to regulate the low flows of the Roanoke River, to produce hydroelectric power at the site, to dilute industrial and other wastes now, emptied into the Roanoke River, and for future navigation. Incidental benefits will result from recreation on the lake, and from fish and wildlife preservation in and around the lake and in the river downstream

The 1:100,000-scale geologic map of the South Boston 30' x 60' quadrangle, Virginia and North Carolina, provides geologic information for the Piedmont along the I-85 and U.S. Route 58 corridors and in the Roanoke River watershed, which includes the John H. Kerr Reservoir and Lake Gaston. The Raleigh terrane (located on the eastern side of the map) contains Neoproterozoic to early Paleozoic(?) polydeformed, amphibolite-facies gneisses and schists. The Carolina slate belt of the Carolina terrane (located in the central part of the map) contains Neoproterozoic metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks at greenschist facies. Although locally complicated, the slate-belt structure mapped across the South Boston map area is generally a broad, complex anticlinorium of the Hyco Formation (here called the Chase City anticlinorium) and is flanked to the west and east by synclinoria, which are cored by the overlying Aaron and Virgilina Formations. The western flank of the Carolina terrane (located in the western-central part of the map) contains similar rocks at higher metamorphic grade. This terrane includes epidote-amphibolite-facies to amphibolite-facies gneisses of the Neoproterozoic Country Line complex, which extends north-northeastward across the map. The Milton terrane (located on the western side of the map) contains Ordovician amphibolite-facies metavolcanic and metasedimentary gneisses of the Cunningham complex. Crosscutting relations and fabrics in mafic to felsic plutonic rocks constrain the timing of Neoproterozoic to late Paleozoic deformations across the Piedmont. In the eastern part of the map, a 5- to 9-kilometer-wide band of tectonic elements that contains two late Paleozoic mylonite zones (Nutbush Creek and Lake Gordon) and syntectonic granite (Buggs Island pluton) separates the Raleigh and Carolina terranes. Amphibolite-facies, infrastructural metaigneous and metasedimentary rocks east of the Lake Gordon mylonite zone are generally assigned to the Raleigh terrane. In the western part of the map area, a 5- to 8-kilometer-wide band of late Paleozoic tectonic elements includes the Hyco and Clover shear zones, syntectonic granitic sheets, and amphibolite-facies gneisses along the western margin of the Carolina terrane at its boundary with the Milton terrane. This band of tectonic elements is also the locus for early Mesozoic extensional faults associated with the early Mesozoic Scottsburg, Randolph, and Roanoke Creek rift basins. The map shows fluvial terrace deposits of sand and gravel on hills and slopes near the Roanoke and Dan Rivers. The terrace deposits that are highest in altitude are the oldest. Saprolite regolith is spatially associated with geologic source units and is not shown separately on the map. Mineral resources in the area include gneiss and granite quarried for crushed stone, tungsten-bearing vein deposits of the Hamme district, and copper and gold deposits of the Virgilina district. Surface-water resources are abundant and include rivers, tributaries, the John H. Kerr Reservoir, and Lake Gaston. Groundwater flow is concentrated in saprolite regolith, along fractures in the crystalline bedrock, and along fractures and bedding-plane partings in the Mesozoic rift basins.

This preliminary experimental lithogeochemical map shows the distribution of rock types in the Virginia and Maryland parts of the Chesapeake Bay watershed. The map was produced digitally by classifying geologic-map units according to composition, mineralogy, and texture; rather than by age and stratigraphic relationships as shown on traditional geologic maps. This map differs from most lithologic maps in that the lithogeochemical unit classification distinguishes those rock units having key water-reactive minerals that may induce acid neutralization, or reduction, of hosted water at the weathering interface. The validity of these rock units, however, is independent of water chemistry, because the rock units are derived from geologic maps and rock descriptions. Areas of high soil carbon content, and sulfide metal deposits are also shown. Water-reactive minerals and their weathering reactions yield five lithogeochemical unit classes: 1) carbonate rock and calcareous rocks and sediments, the most acid-neutralizing; 2)carbonaceous-sulfidic rocks and sediments, oxygen-depleting and reducing; 3) quartzofeldspathic rocks and siliciclastic sediments, relatively weakly reactive with water; 4) mafic silicate rocks/sediments, oxygen consuming and high solute-load delivering; and, 5) the rarer calcareous-sulfidic (carbonaceous) rocks, neutralizing and reducing. Earlier studies in some parts of the map area have related solute loads in ground and stream waters to some aspects of bedrock lithology. More recent preliminary tests of relationships between four of the classes of mapped lithogeochemical units and ground water chemistry, in the Mid-Atlantic area using this map, have focused on and verified the nitrate-reducing and acid-neutralizing properties of some bedrock and unconsolidated aquifer rock types. Sulfide mineral deposits and their mine-tailings effects on waters are beginning to be studied by others. Additional testing of relationships among the lithogeochemical units and aspects of ground and surface water chemistry could help to refine the lithogeochemical classification, and this map. The testing could also improve the usefulness of the map for assessing aquifer reactivity and the transport properties of reactive contaminants such as acid rain, and nitrate from agricultural sources, in the Chesapeake Bay watershed.

The watershed is an important headwater to the Albemarle and Pamlico Sounds, is uniquely pristine, and is a recognized North American Coastal Plain global biodiversity hotspot. This area historically supported longleaf pine dominated ecosystems and their unique community of species, including the red-cockaded woodpecker. We will pursue funding to restore longleaf pine habitat for the red-cockaded woodpecker and priority migratory birds in coordination with partners, such as the Virginia Longleaf Pine Cooperators local implementation team (Regional Working Group for America’s Longleaf 2009). We will also support projects that restore or enhance habitat and water quality to promote conservation of Atlantic slope mussels (e.g., dwarf wedgemussel, Atlantic pigtoe). The watershed hosts multiple fisheries species of conservation concern and priority migratory bird species (see Service Trust Resources section). Roanoke logperch (see Roanoke Logperch Priority Area information below) also occurs in the Nottoway River drainage and we will work with our partners to engage in outreach and support survey efforts for Roanoke logperch as well as projects that enhance habitat and water quality such as barrier removal (restore connectivity), implementing agricultural BMPs (e.g., excluding livestock from streams), and stream and riparian restoration.