Gold is the most popular precious metal in the investment industry. The rate of return for gold investments fluctuated significantly during the period from 2002 to 2024 but generated positive returns in most years of the observed period. The return of gold as an investment reached almost ** percent in 2024, one of the highest recorded. Why is gold valuable? Gold is a precious metal with several practical uses, particularly in technology. For example, NASA uses gold to improve its lasers and protect sensitive things in space, including a part of the visor for its astronauts. However, a large share of the demand for gold worldwide is as an investment, particularly by central banks. Gold serves the purpose of an alternative to currency because it is relatively scarce but still has enough mine production to serve the financial sector. Gold as an investment Under the Bretton Woods agreement after World War II, the world’s major currencies were tied to the value of gold. This system, called the Gold Standard, ended in 1971. Still, most countries maintain significant gold reserves. Due to this history and the overall faith in the value of gold, the average gold price tends to increase in times of recession, making it an attractive investment in uncertain times.

Between January 1971 and May 2025, gold had average annual returns of **** percent, which was only slightly more than the return of commodities, with an annual average of around eight percent. The annual return of gold was over ** percent in 2024. What is the total global demand for gold? The global demand for gold remains robust owing to its historical importance, financial stability, and cultural appeal. During economic uncertainty, investors look for a safe haven, while emerging markets fuel jewelry demand. A distinct contrast transpired during COVID-19, when the global demand for gold experienced a sharp decline in 2020 owing to a reduction in consumer spending. However, the subsequent years saw an increase in demand for the precious metal. How much gold is produced worldwide? The production of gold depends mainly on geological formations, market demand, and the cost of production. These factors have a significant impact on the discovery, extraction, and economic viability of gold mining operations worldwide. In 2024, the worldwide production of gold was expected to reach *** million ounces, and it is anticipated that the rate of growth will increase as exploration technologies improve, gold prices rise, and mining practices improve.

Gold Fields return on investment for the quarter ending December 31, 2024 was -4.79. Gold Fields average return on investment for 2014 was -6.13, a 280.29% decline from 2013. Gold Fields average return on investment for 2013 was 3.4, a 72.65% decline from 2012. Gold Fields average return on investment for 2012 was 12.43, a 80.67% decline from 2011. Roi - return on investment can be defined as an indicator of how profitable a company is relative to its assets invested by shareholders and long-term bond holders. Calculated by dividing a company's operating earnings by its long-term debt and shareholders equity.

As of 31 May 2025, MSCI U.S. had an average **-year return rate of ***** percent, whereas gold had a return rate of ***** percent. Gold mining overview In light of recent technological advancements shaping the gold mining market, global gold production has been rather stable in the last few years, hovering around ***** metric tons since 2020. Among nations, Australia holds the highest gold production, surpassing countries with the highest mine gold reserves. Gold as a financial security Known for its ability to provide diversification to investment portfolios, gold has exhibited a positive trend in its Gold’s return rate was particularly high in the early 2000s, and, despite experiencing a decline during the pandemic, it demonstrated a remarkable recovery since. Furthermore, gold serves as a valuable asset for a nation's economic stability, with the United States holding the highest amount of

Kinross Gold return on investment for the quarter ending March 31, 2025 was 14.88. Kinross Gold average return on investment for 2024 was 8.22, a 213.74% increase from 2023. Kinross Gold average return on investment for 2023 was 2.62, a 142.95% increase from 2022. Kinross Gold average return on investment for 2022 was -6.1, a 151.17% decline from 2021. Roi - return on investment can be defined as an indicator of how profitable a company is relative to its assets invested by shareholders and long-term bond holders. Calculated by dividing a company's operating earnings by its long-term debt and shareholders equity.

Harmony Gold Mining return on investment for the quarter ending December 31, 2024 was -13.64. Harmony Gold Mining average return on investment for 2014 was -8.45, a 66.67% increase from 2013. Harmony Gold Mining average return on investment for 2013 was -5.07, a 169.36% increase from 2012. Harmony Gold Mining average return on investment for 2012 was 7.31, a 137.34% decline from 2011. Roi - return on investment can be defined as an indicator of how profitable a company is relative to its assets invested by shareholders and long-term bond holders. Calculated by dividing a company's operating earnings by its long-term debt and shareholders equity.

Gold rose to 3,354.76 USD/t.oz on July 11, 2025, up 0.92% from the previous day. Over the past month, Gold's price has fallen 0.92%, but it is still 39.14% higher than a year ago, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Gold - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

Gold Royalty roi - return on investment from 2021 to 2025. Roi - return on investment can be defined as an indicator of how profitable a company is relative to its assets invested by shareholders and long-term bond holders. Calculated by dividing a company's operating earnings by its long-term debt and shareholders equity.

TRX Gold roi - return on investment from 2010 to 2025. Roi - return on investment can be defined as an indicator of how profitable a company is relative to its assets invested by shareholders and long-term bond holders. Calculated by dividing a company's operating earnings by its long-term debt and shareholders equity.

As of April 2024, WisdomTree Core Physical Gold was the leading gold back exchange-traded commodity (ETC) listed on the London stock exchange, providing a return of ** percent on euro investments annually. Invesco Physical Gold A followed closely in second place, providing a return of ***** percent on investments made in euros. What is an exchange-traded commodity? An exchange-traded commodity (ETC) is a commodity such as silver, wheat, oats, and gold traded on the stock exchange. Unlike exchange-traded funds (ETFs) which allows investment in a basket of securities, ETCs allow investment in a single commodity. Gold-backed ETCs aim to track the spot price of gold. This results in the price of the ETC moving up and down in correlation with the underlying gold price. The annual return rate The return on investment (ROI) is a way to measure the performance of an investment. The ROI is calculated by dividing the amount gained or lost from an investment by the original invested amount. This number is then represented as a percentage. Different gains and losses can be generated on foreign investments due to changes in the value of the security in foreign markets. If the local home currency of an investor is rising in value, this leads to lower returns on foreign investments. Similarly, a decreasing home currency will increase the returns on foreign investments. The difference in currency performance, inflation levels in the home market or abroad, and interest rates are all factors that can lead to differing ROI rates.

Internet Gold Golden Lines roi - return on investment from 2010 to 2019. Roi - return on investment can be defined as an indicator of how profitable a company is relative to its assets invested by shareholders and long-term bond holders. Calculated by dividing a company's operating earnings by its long-term debt and shareholders equity.

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Centerra Gold roi - return on investment from 2018 to 2025. Roi - return on investment can be defined as an indicator of how profitable a company is relative to its assets invested by shareholders and long-term bond holders. Calculated by dividing a company's operating earnings by its long-term debt and shareholders equity.

This repository contains a gold standard dataset for named entity recognition and span categorization annotations from Diderot & d’Alembert’s Encyclopédie entries.

The dataset is available in the following formats:

JSONL format provided by Prodigy

binary spaCy format (ready to use with the spaCy train pipeline)

The Gold Standard dataset is composed of 2,200 paragraphs out of 2,001 Encyclopédie's entries randomly selected. All paragraphs were written in 19th-century French.

The spans/entities were labeled by the project team along with using pre-labelling with early machine learning models to speed up the labelling process. A train/val/test split was used. Validation and test sets are composed of 200 paragraphs each: 100 classified under 'Géographie' and 100 from another knowledge domain. The datasets have the following breakdown of tokens and spans/entities.

Tagset

NC-Spatial: a common noun that identifies a spatial entity (nominal spatial entity) including natural features, e.g. ville, la rivière, royaume.

NP-Spatial: a proper noun identifying the name of a place (spatial named entities), e.g. France, Paris, la Chine.

ENE-Spatial: nested spatial entity , e.g. ville de France , royaume de Naples, la mer Baltique.

Relation: spatial relation, e.g. dans, sur, à 10 lieues de.

Latlong: geographic coordinates, e.g. Long. 19. 49. lat. 43. 55. 44.

NC-Person: a common noun that identifies a person (nominal spatial entity), e.g. roi, l'empereur, les auteurs.

NP-Person: a proper noun identifying the name of a person (person named entities), e.g. Louis XIV, Pline.

ENE-Person: nested people entity, e.g. le czar Pierre, roi de Macédoine.

NP-Misc: a proper noun identifying entities not classified as spatial or person, e.g. l'Eglise, 1702, Pélasgique

ENE-Misc: nested named entity not classified as spatial or person, e.g. l'ordre de S. Jacques, la déclaration du 21 Mars 1671.

Head: entry name

Domain-Mark: words indicating the knowledge domain (usually after the head and between parenthesis), e.g. Géographie, Geog., en Anatomie.

HuggingFace

The GeoEDdA dataset is available on the HuggingFace Hub: https://huggingface.co/datasets/GEODE/GeoEDdA

spaCy Custom Spancat trained on Diderot & d’Alembert’s Encyclopédie entries

This dataset was used to train and evaluate a custom spancat model for French using spaCy. The model is available on HuggingFace's model hub: https://huggingface.co/GEODE/fr_spacy_custom_spancat_edda.

Acknowledgement

The authors are grateful to the ASLAN project (ANR-10-LABX-0081) of the Université de Lyon, for its financial support within the French program "Investments for the Future" operated by the National Research Agency (ANR). Data courtesy the ARTFL Encyclopédie Project, University of Chicago.

Explore the Gold Potassium Cyanide Manufacturing Plant Project Report 2025 by Procurement Resource. Stay updated on Gold Potassium Cyanide manufacturing cost analysis, procurement insights, ROI, and market evaluation.

Western Copper And Gold roi - return on investment from 2010 to 2025. Roi - return on investment can be defined as an indicator of how profitable a company is relative to its assets invested by shareholders and long-term bond holders. Calculated by dividing a company's operating earnings by its long-term debt and shareholders equity.

In 2023, the rate of return on gold was 13.1 percent, making gold the leading commodity based on return rate in that year. Natural resources like any other investments exhibit a wide range of fluctuations over time.

According to Cognitive Market Research, The Global Opal Jewelry market size is USD XX billion in 2023 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.80% from 2023 to 2030.

Consumer awareness of the genuineness of the metals and gems used in jewelry is expanding, which is driving the sector.
Demand for rings remains higher in the opal jewelry market.
The women's sector held the highest opal jewelry market revenue share in 2023.
Europe will continue to lead, whereas the North American opal jewelry market will experience the fastest growth until 2030.

Increasing Disposable Income & Spending Power of Consumers to Provide Viable Market Output

Due to the population's high disposable income and purchasing power, the global economy is expanding, which is driving demand for more luxury products like opal jewelry.

In OECD nations, when adjusted for purchasing power parity, the United States had the highest gross household disposable income per capita in 2021. Their per capita disposable income was close to USD 55,000. With about 50,000 dollars, Luxembourg came in second, and Switzerland came in third.

Additionally, a variety of worldwide traditions relating to the adoption of opal jewelry are anticipated to increase product demand greatly. For instance, in August 2020, an article published by the World Gold Council stated that on significant events, Chinese people customarily give gold presents to the younger family members. In addition, the market will keep growing as more women enter the workforce and as consumer awareness of luxury and contemporary stones rises. The increase in female labour force participation has been one of the most prominent economic developments.

Growing Return On Investment (ROI) to Propel Market Growth

The high return on investment (ROI) of jewelry products is expected to drive the growth of the global opal jewelry market. The return on investment for jewelry has only grown or stayed the same for many years. There have only been a few instances where the cost of the raw materials used to make actual jewelry has fallen. Since there is practically a 100% guarantee that the investment value will not decrease even after years of purchase, jewelry continues to be a popular way for many families or individuals to invest money.

India's gold prices in 2023 have changed over time. The cost of gold has increased considerably since 2022. The price of the yellow metal rose by over Rs. 3,000 during the first six months of the year, an increase of nearly 6.5%.

(Source: www.bankbazaar.com/gold-rate/gold-rate-trend-in-india.html)

Opal jewelry made of materials like gold or diamond lasts a very long time. Unlike other dead assets like automobiles or homes, which may see a drop in demand owing to various social or political circumstances, they exhibit a durability that no other material can demonstrate and may be sold at any moment.

Market Dynamics of the Opal Jewelry

Key Drivers for Opal Jewelry

Increasing Consumer Interest in Distinctive and Customized Jewelry: Opals are prized for their unique play-of-color and individuality, ensuring that every piece is truly unique. As the desire for personal expression through fashion grows, consumers are leaning more towards opals rather than more traditional stones such as diamonds or sapphires for custom and statement jewelry.

Rising Trend of Birthstone and Healing Jewelry: As the birthstone for October, opal carries both sentimental and astrological importance. The increasing popularity of metaphysical and healing jewelry is fueling interest, with consumers linking opals to emotional stability, creativity, and love, particularly in wellness-oriented markets.

Growth of the Online Jewelry Market and E-Commerce Platforms: The emergence of digital jewelry brands and marketplaces such as Etsy, Blue Nile, and Mejuri has enhanced the global accessibility of opal jewelry. Improved product visualization, customization options, and influencer marketing have played a significant role in boosting visibility and consumer confidence in purchasing.

Key Restraints for Opal Jewelry

Concerns Regarding Fragility and Durability Diminish Consumer Trust: Opals are positioned low on the Mohs hardness scale (5.5–6.5), rendering them more susceptible to scratches, fractures, and water damage compared to harder gemstones. This vulnerability impacts their long-term ...

Raven Gold roi - return on investment from 2010 to 2011. Roi - return on investment can be defined as an indicator of how profitable a company is relative to its assets invested by shareholders and long-term bond holders. Calculated by dividing a company's operating earnings by its long-term debt and shareholders equity.

Coefficient of each parameter after assessing partial least squares regression to average ROI area.